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Topic Review
Characteristics and Models of Viscoelastic Materials
Viscous and viscoelastic (VE) dampers have been extensively used for the seismic response control in buildings. Such devices are exploited with good results in newly erected structures and also in retrofit projects.
  • 2.1K
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Non-Pharmacological Pain Management in Labor
Childbirth is a remarkable, life-changing process and is frequently regarded as an excruciating, physically and emotionally demanding experience that women endure. Labor pain management poses a significant challenge for obstetricians and expectant mothers.
  • 2.1K
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Cancer Stem Cells
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) is a subset of cancer cells with the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into non-CSC cancer cells within the tumor mass. The CSC field was shaped by great research done on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs are hierarchically arranged with HSCs being the founder cells that undergo asymmetric cell division giving rise to differentiated daughter cells and one quiescent stem cell with self-renewal abilities. CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells known to be resistant to therapy and cause metastasis. CSCs have been characterized in many cancers with data illustrating that CSCs display great abilities to self-renew, resist therapies due to enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) properties, enhanced expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane drug transporters, activation of several survival signaling pathways and increased immune evasion as well as DNA repair mechanisms. CSCs also display great heterogeneity with the consequential lack of specific CSC markers presenting a great challenge to their targeting.
  • 2.1K
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus has become a serious and chronic metabolic disorder that results from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors, principally characterized by hyperglycemia, polyuria, and polyphagia.
  • 2.1K
  • 29 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Spectroscopic Techniques for Dental Materials
The presented work focuses on the application of spectroscopic methods, such as Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray spectroscopy, and Mass Spectrometry (MS), which are widely employed in the investigation of the surface properties of dental materials.
  • 2.1K
  • 03 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Entrepreneurship Education (EE)
The fast growth of Entrepreneurship Education (EE) in universities reflects the underlying assumption that EE fosters increased levels of entrepreneurship . Nowadays, EE is related to much more than economic activities and business creation. Policymakers support EE for unlocking personal potential and its contribution to developing key competencies for lifelong learning. European Union defined entrepreneurship competence as “the capacity to act upon opportunities and ideas and to transform them into values for others”. The most important barriers to youth business creation and self-employment are the lack of knowledge and skills for entrepreneurship and the fear of failure, which highlights the importance of building entrepreneurship competencies and confidence for youth in a multidisciplinary environment and “embedding entrepreneurship teaching at all levels of education”.
  • 2.1K
  • 14 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Calculation of the transition temperature of superconducting elements
Using the Roeser-Huber formalism, we establish a non-trivial relation between the crystal structure and the transition temperature, Tc, to the superconducting state. By means of this relation, we can calculate Tc for practically all superconducting elements quite accurately within a small error margin. It is shown that this works well also for polymorphic elements and elements under pressure. Furthermore, the Roeser-Huber formalism implies that all calculated data fall on a common line with the slope m1 = h2/(2πkB) = 5.061 × 10−45 m2 kg K, when plotting log(Σ((2x)-2n1-1ML-1))-1 versus 1/Tc, which can be employed as a test when predicting Tc of unknown superconductors.
  • 2.1K
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery
Over the course of millions of years, viruses have evolved and adapted to changes in the biological environment which has allowed them to survive and replicate in host cells. Using this feature of viruses, gene therapy research has developed new approaches utilizing viruses and their different genomes as carriers and vectors for the delivery of genes, nucleic acids, and other genetic material to cell target sites.
  • 2.1K
  • 24 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Wani (Scholar)
Wani (Japanese: 王仁, 和邇吉師, romanized: Wani, Wani Kishi) is a semi-legendary scholar who is said to have been sent to Japan by Baekje of southwestern Korea during the reign of Emperor Ōjin. He used to be associated with the introduction of the Chinese writing system to Japan.
  • 2.1K
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Soyombo Alphabet
The Soyombo alphabet (Mongolian: Соёмбо бичиг, Soyombo biçig) is an abugida developed by the monk and scholar Zanabazar in 1686 to write Mongolian. It can also be used to write Tibetan and Sanskrit. A special character of the script, the Soyombo symbol, became a national symbol of Mongolia, and has appeared on the national flag since 1921, and on the Emblem of Mongolia since 1960, as well as money, stamps, etc.
  • 2.1K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Cementitious Composites Containing Polyethylene Fibers
Polyethylene (PE) is an important polymeric material which is widely used in civil engineering. Recently, engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) have adopted PE fibers in structural repairing. ECC with polyethylene fibers (PE-ECC) has excellent tensile properties, ductility, strain-hardening behavior, thermal performance and durability.
  • 2.1K
  • 01 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles Technology
Fuel cell electric vehicles, which optimally combine the fuel cell system with hybrid energy storage systems, represented by batteries and ultracapacitors, to meet the dynamic power demand required by the electric motor and auxiliary systems.
  • 2.1K
  • 22 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Developing Yoghurt as Functional Food
Edible coatings and films appear to be a very promising strategy for delivering bioactive compounds and probiotics in food systems when direct incorporation/inoculation is not an option. The production of dairy products has undergone radical modifications thanks to nanotechnology. Despite being a relatively new occurrence in the dairy sector, nanotechnology has quickly become a popular means of increasing the bioavailability and favorable health effects of a variety of bioactive components. 
  • 2.1K
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Neutrophils in Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to only as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia over long periods of time. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human blood, the primary effector cells of acute inflammation and the first responders to infections. Neutrophils are involved in obesity-related diabetes complications.
  • 2.1K
  • 19 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Recursively Enumerable Set
In computability theory, traditionally called recursion theory, a set S of natural numbers is called recursively enumerable, computably enumerable, semidecidable, provable or Turing-recognizable if: Or, equivalently, The first condition suggests why the term semidecidable is sometimes used; the second suggests why computably enumerable is used. The abbreviations r.e. and c.e. are often used, even in print, instead of the full phrase. In computational complexity theory, the complexity class containing all recursively enumerable sets is RE. In recursion theory, the lattice of r.e. sets under inclusion is denoted [math]\displaystyle{ \mathcal{E} }[/math].
  • 2.1K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Sign Language Recognition Method
Technologies for pattern recognition are used in various fields. One of the most relevant and important directions is the use of pattern recognition technology, such as gesture recognition, in socially significant tasks, to develop automatic sign language interpretation systems in real time. More than 5% of the world’s population—about 430 million people, including 34 million children—are deaf-mute and not always able to use the services of a living sign language interpreter. Almost 80% of people with a disabling hearing loss live in low- and middle-income countries. The development of low-cost systems of automatic sign language interpretation, without the use of expensive sensors and unique cameras, would improve the lives of people with disabilities, contributing to their unhindered integration into society. 
  • 2.1K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Organoboron Compounds
The unique electron deficiency and coordination property of boron led to a wide range of applications in chemistry, energy research, materials science and the life sciences. The use of boron-containing compounds as pharmaceutical agents has a long history, and recent developments have produced encouraging strides. Boron agents have been used for both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In radiotherapy, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been investigated to treat various types of tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) of brain, head and neck tumors, etc. Boron agents playing essential roles in such treatments and other well-established areas have been discussed elsewhere. Organoboron compounds used to treat various diseases besides tumor treatments through BNCT technology have also marked an important milestone. Following the clinical introduction of bortezomib as an anti-cancer agent, benzoxaborole drugs, tavaborole and crisaborole, have been approved for clinical use in the treatments of onychomycosis and atopic dermatitis. Some heterocyclic organoboron compounds represent potentially promising candidates for anti-infective drugs.
  • 2.1K
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Buckwheat and Amaranth
Buckwheat and amaranth are two pseudocereals that have multiple uses, including for obtaining of malt and beer, that are grown in different parts of the world.
  • 2.1K
  • 22 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Post-Operative Endodontic Pain Management
Endodontic treatment comprises the overall management of pre-, intra- and post-operative symptoms, including post-operative endodontic pain, considered as a complication susceptible of chronicization. Post-operative pain is very common and highly unpreventable and has a multi-factorial etiology and a potential pathogenic link to the acute inflammation of the periapical area, secondary to localized chemical, mechanical, host and/or microbial damage occurring during endodontic treatment. 
  • 2.1K
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
The Applications of Phlorotannins
Phlorotannins are a type of natural active substance extracted from brown algae, which belong to a type of important plant polyphenol. Phloroglucinol is the basic unit in its structure. Phlorotannins have a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-hypertensive, hypoglycemic, whitening, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory, etc. Phlorotannins are mainly used in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics. 
  • 2.1K
  • 12 Dec 2022
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