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Topic Review

Teacher-Pupil Ethnicity Match and Achievement

In many countries, ethnic minority teachers are strongly underrepresented. It is often assumed that if there were more minority teachers, minority pupils would achieve much better. This assumption has rarely been empirically tested. In search of proof, the present study reviews the literature. 24 relevant studies were found, all pertaining to the US. The findings show that there is little empirical evidence that a stronger degree of ethnic match, be it in the form of a one-to-one coupling of teachers to pupils with the same ethnic background, or a larger share of minority teachers at an ethnically mixed school, leads to predominantly positive results. Insofar positive effects were found, they apply to a greater extent to subjective teacher evaluations than to objective achievement outcome measures.

2.5K
03 Nov 2020

Topic Review

Pedagogical Potential of TikTok for ESL Classrooms

The predominance of the use of the English language on social media entails its potential usefulness in regard to English as a second language (ESL) learning. Amongst all social media platforms, none can boast the ubiquity of TikTok. This application has been, and continues to be, one of the largest and most influential social media platforms, as well as a massive success across a range of fields with the most active users in the world. In the field of education, it has the potential to enhance educational pedagogies.

2.5K
28 Jan 2023

Topic Review

Early Childhood Education

Early Childhood Education (ECE) often is part of a broader educational disadvantage policy and offers institutional compensatory programs to young children who lack specific educational stimulation in the home environment. ECE typically aims at children from deprived socioeconomic backgrounds and those of immigrant origin. Although ECE nowadays is widespread and accepted as perhaps the most important means of preventing and combating educational disadvantage, the controversy surrounding the evidence of effects and thus the justification and foundation of ECE provisions still is not solved. This article focuses on the basis (or lack of it) of ECE in the Netherlands.

2.4K
03 Nov 2020

Topic Review

Coaching is a form of development in which an experienced person, called a coach, supports a learner or client in achieving a specific personal or professional goal by providing training and guidance. The learner is sometimes called a coachee. Occasionally, coaching may mean an informal relationship between two people, of whom one has more experience and expertise than the other and offers advice and guidance as the latter learns; but coaching differs from mentoring by focusing on specific tasks or objectives, as opposed to more general goals or overall development.

2.4K
10 Nov 2022

Topic Review

Education for Sustainable Development

Education can serve the purpose of trying to mitigate catastrophes, from the climate change education perspective. Therefore, understanding how teachers are engaging with sustainability issues can help to reveal how they cope with it. In a school context, teachers can have a role in enacting an interconnection between critical thinking (CT) as a potentially useful tool and education for sustainable development (ESD), in terms of educating and communicating the importance of sustainability to future generations.

2.4K
14 Nov 2022

Topic Review

The Psychology of Forgiveness

Forgiveness psychology is a thriving field with ample implications for personal and relational well-being, community health, international relations, and politics. The aim of this entry is to briefly introduce the science of forgiveness that emerged over three decades ago and document its major developments. In this entry, definitions of forgiveness, the emergence of the scientific study on forgiveness, models of forgiveness, forgiveness education, measures of forgiveness, and benefits of forgiveness will be discussed, followed by several implications for consideration.

2.4K
26 Jul 2025

Topic Review Peer Reviewed

Museum Education

Museum education involves using a museum’s resources and collections to facilitate learning for diverse audiences. It includes activities like tours, workshops, and interactive exhibits that promote active, inquiry-based learning. Focused on accessibility and inclusivity, museum education aims to engage visitors, enhance their understanding, and foster a deeper appreciation for cultural, historical, or scientific content to foster active citizenship and lifelong learning in a non-formal learning context. Museum education uses collections and exhibits to engage audiences through hands-on, inquiry-based learning. By integrating digital tools and interactive technologies, it enhances learning through immersive and distance-based experiences. This approach promotes active engagement, critical thinking, and meaning-making, transforming traditional teaching methods. Museums serve as inclusive spaces where knowledge—embodied in artifacts and digital mediators—supports cognitive, emotional, and social development, fostering deeper connections with culture and history.

2.4K
06 Jan 2025

Topic Review

Augmented Reality in Education

Augmented reality (AR) enables an interactive experience with the real world where objects in the real world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information. This technology has positively influenced different fields, such as industry, entertainment, medicine, tourism, among others. This Entry will explain an overview of twenty-five years of augmented reality in education.

2.4K
20 Jul 2021

Topic Review Peer Reviewed

Challenges of Misinformation in Online Learning: A Post-Pandemic Perspective

This entry examines the critical issue of misinformation within online learning environments following the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on its types, spread, and consequences. It identifies key drivers of misinformation, such as reliance on unverified sources, limited media literacy, and emotional susceptibility during uncertainty. The entry analyses the effects of misinformation on students, educators, and the broader educational ecosystem, including behavioral disorders, reduced motivation, and misinformation-driven public anxiety. To address these challenges, the entry proposes strategies such as enhancing digital literacy, fostering critical thinking, and encouraging social interaction in virtual learning spaces. Ultimately, this work aims to equip educators, policymakers, and stakeholders with insights to develop a resilient, informed, and equitable post-pandemic educational framework.

2.4K
10 Mar 2025

Topic Review

Media Education

Media Education is an educational discipline focused on critical and conscious engagement with media and their languages. Regarded as complex cultural artifacts, it serves as a preparatory phase aimed at developing interpretative and critical skills regarding the media themselves. The objective is to promote a deep understanding of media as cultural and social phenomena, emphasizing that they are not merely technical tools but carriers of meanings and values that shape perceptions of reality and identity formation. This entry explores the evolution of Media Education, from the 1982 UNESCO Grünwald Declaration to recent international initiatives, highlighting the role of the Media Educator as a facilitator in integrating digital technologies into educational contexts. Key aspects include the rejection of an “apocalyptic” vision of the new media (quoting Umberto Eco), the focus on media as carriers of meaning, and the promotion of critical and creative skills essential for navigating the complexities of contemporary digital culture.

2.4K
21 Jan 2025

Topic Review

1978–79 Boston College Basketball Point Shaving Scandal

The 1978–79 Boston College basketball point shaving scandal involved a scheme in which members of the American Mafia recruited and bribed several Boston College Eagles men's basketball players to ensure the team would not win by the required margin (not cover the point spread), allowing the gamblers in the know to place wagers against that team and win.

2.4K
08 Nov 2022

Topic Review

Use of ChatGPT in Education

The use of ChatGPT in education has generated considerable interest due to its potential to enrich the learning experience of students. By providing quick and personalised responses, this system has the ability to address individual student needs, offer immediate feedback and facilitate the understanding of complex concepts. In this way, it becomes a promising tool that promotes a student’s active participation and cognitive advancement by adapting to their learning pace and offering continuous support in their knowledge acquisition process.

2.3K
29 Aug 2023

Topic Review

Eton College Controversies

There have been many controversies concerning Eton College, including those listed below. Eton College is a well-known independent boarding school for boys in Berkshire, England, United Kingdom, sometimes called the most famous school in the world. The Guardian claimed that 'Eton is no stranger to scandalous allegations, nor to claims that it tries to prevent them leaking out.'

2.3K
17 Oct 2022

Topic Review

Educational Disadvantage Indicators

The pupil weighting system is the core financial element of the Dutch Educational Disadvantage Policy. This policy departs from the idea that children who grow up in an environment where specific “cultural capital” is lacking, face a grave risk of developing severe educational arrears right from their start in school. To compensate for this “deficit”, primary schools and other educational and welfare institutions receive additional budgets from the Ministry of Education they can use for providing extra help to the policy’s target groups. The amount of extra budget is based on socio-economic and ethnic factors in the children’s home situation. Since its implementation in 1974 the system has been changed several times. These changes are described here. For the 2019/20 school year a new system has been developed. Some points of criticism are presented; the most important is that there is no evidence that the system which has cost some 20 billion euros has been effective.

2.3K
03 Nov 2020

Topic Review

Parental Involvement in Education: The COVID-19 Panacea?

The achievement gap of disadvantaged students has always been large, and is still widening. Even more now, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parental involvement is seen as an important strategy for closing this gap. The question is whether this optimism is warranted. A review of the literature pointed to a considerable diversity in parental involvement typologies, classifications, roles, forms, and activities. A synthesis of the results from twelve meta-analyses showed that the average effect of involvement on attainment is small. The type of involvement with the strongest effect appeared to be parents having high aspirations and expectations for their child. Prudence is called for, however, as there are many limitations to studying parental involvement in a reliable and valid way.

2.3K
22 Oct 2021

Topic Review Peer Reviewed

Educational Technologies

Educational technologies refer to the set of digital tools, resources, applications, and methodologies used to facilitate the teaching–learning process. These technologies include software, online platforms, hardware devices (such as tablets, computers, and interactive whiteboards), and, if one wants to give special relevance, as it should be these days, to the issue of inclusion in education, assistive technologies, all aimed at improving access to education, personalizing learning paths, and fostering a more dynamic interaction between students and teachers. This entry explores the integration of educational technologies, highlighting their role in enhancing the teaching–learning process, promoting inclusive and personalized education. It analyses the pedagogical implications of the use of digital technologies, including assistive technologies (which foster learning in a Universal Design for Learning perspective), and the need to train competent teachers to adopt innovative teaching practices. This entry concludes by emphasizing the importance of a shared commitment to prepare future generations for a technologically changing world by creating more dynamic and accessible learning environments, including through virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence.

2.3K
26 Feb 2025

Topic Review

21st Century Skills and Mobile-Technology-Supported Inquiry-Based Learning

The development of 21st-century skills is paramount. Among these skills, which encompass collaboration, communication, critical thinking, and creativity, Mobile-Technology-Supported Inquiry-Based Learning (mIBL) in Science Education emerges as a potent method for their enhancement.

2.3K
14 Nov 2023

Topic Review

College Student’s Academic Help-Seeking Behavior

Seeking academic help has a positive impact on students’ ability to handle challenges, leading to improved academic success. As the academic landscape becomes more competitive, the importance of students seeking and using academic support is widely recognized for enhancing their learning experience and achievements.

2.3K
24 Oct 2023

Topic Review

Education 4.0 in Developing Economies

Education 4.0 (EDUC4) was driven by the onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) to meet labor market requirements resulting from learning that is customized, flexible, accessible, and skills-based.

2.2K
01 Dec 2021

Topic Review

Doktor nauk (Russian: доктор наук, abbreviated д-р наук or д. н.; Ukrainian: доктор наук; Bulgarian: доктор на науките; Belarusian: доктар навук; lit. "Doctor of Sciences") is a higher doctoral degree which may be earned after the Candidate of Sciences (the latter is informally regarded in Russia and many other post-Soviet states as equivalent to the PhD obtained in countries in which the PhD is not the highest academic degree).

2.2K
10 Oct 2022

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