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HandWiki. Coaching. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33929 (accessed on 24 September 2026).
HandWiki. Coaching. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33929. Accessed September 24, 2026.
HandWiki. "Coaching" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33929 (accessed September 24, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 10). Coaching. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33929
HandWiki. "Coaching." Encyclopedia. Web. 10 November, 2022.
Coaching
Edit

Coaching is a form of development in which an experienced person, called a coach, supports a learner or client in achieving a specific personal or professional goal by providing training and guidance. The learner is sometimes called a coachee. Occasionally, coaching may mean an informal relationship between two people, of whom one has more experience and expertise than the other and offers advice and guidance as the latter learns; but coaching differs from mentoring by focusing on specific tasks or objectives, as opposed to more general goals or overall development.

development coaching mentoring

References

  1. coach, Online Etymology Dictionary, http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=coach, retrieved 4 July 2015 .
  2. Lines, David; Evans, Christina, eds (2020). "A Meta-Analysis of Coaching: Re-tracing the Roots and Re-analysing the Coaching Story". The Global Business of Coaching: A Meta-Analytical Perspective. Routledge Studies in Human Resource Development. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780429884917. https://books.google.com/books?id=nOreDwAAQBAJ. Retrieved 26 July 2020. "[...] Brock (2014: 116–119) identifies that coaching draws on the knowledge bases of adult education. [...] Neither Brock (2014) nor Grant (2005) establishes a causal link between adult education and the emergence of coaching. However, they both acknowledge the importance and relationship of different theories and knowledge bases to the work of a coach. This surfaces the practice of adopting established knowledge bases from the professions that existed prior to coaching." 
  3. Stelter, Reinhard (2012). A Guide to Third Generation Coaching: Narrative-Collaborative Theory and Practice. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media (published 2013). p. 2. ISBN 9789400771864. https://books.google.com/books?id=QT0nAQAAQBAJ. Retrieved 26 July 2020. "The history of coaching and coaching psychology can be traced back to two key roots: Sport psychology and the Human Potential Movement." 
  4. Brock, Vikki G. (2018). "The Roots and Evolution of Coaching". in English, Susan; Sabatine, Janice Manzi; Brownell, Philip. Professional Coaching: Principles and Practice. Springer Publishing. p. 13–14. ISBN 9780826180094. https://books.google.com/books?id=72RhDwAAQBAJ. Retrieved 26 July 2020. "Several sources of connections that set the stage for coaching are: [...] Large Group Awareness training (LGAT) was the culmination of the shift to an awareness and responsibility perspective. Participants left meetings with limited support structures to change, though they had declarations, commitments, and enthusiasm." 
  5. Cox, Elaine; Bachkirova, Tatiana; Clutterbuck, David, eds (2018). The Complete Handbook of Coaching (3rd ed.). Los Angeles; London: Sage Publications. ISBN 9781473973046. OCLC 1023783439.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1023783439
  6. "Anthony Grant". https://www.icfaustralasia.com/Program/Speakers/Anthony-Grant. 
  7. Cox, Elaine (2013), Coaching Understood: a Pragmatic Inquiry into the Coaching Process, Los Angeles; London: Sage Publications, ISBN 9780857028259, OCLC 805014954 . http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/805014954
  8. Rosinski, Philippe (2003). Coaching Across Cultures: New Tools for Leveraging National, Corporate, and Professional Differences. London; Yarmouth, Maine: Nicholas Brealey Publishing. ISBN 1857883012. OCLC 51020293.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51020293
  9. Hallowell, Edward M.; Ratey, John J. (2011). Driven to Distraction: Recognizing and Coping with Attention Deficit Disorder from Childhood Through Adulthood (Revised ed.). New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 9780307743152. OCLC 699763760. https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780307743152. 
  10. Barkley, Russell A. (2012). Executive Functions: What They Are, How They Work, and Why They Evolved. New York: Guilford Press. ISBN 9781462505357. OCLC 773666263.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/773666263
  11. Hamilton, Jeff (6 January 2011). "26 Benefits of Adult ADHD Coaching". http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/pills-dont-teach-skills/201101/26-benefits-adult-adhd-coaching. 
  12. Knouse, Laura E.; Bagwell, Catherine L.; Barkley, Russell A.; Murphy, Kevin R. (May 2005). "Accuracy of Self-Evaluation in Adults with ADHD: Evidence from a Driving Study". Journal of Attention Disorders 8 (4): 221–234. doi:10.1177/1087054705280159. PMID 16110052.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F1087054705280159
  13. Blackman, Anna; Moscardo, Gianna; Gray, David E. (2016). "Challenges for the theory and practice of business coaching: a systematic review of empirical evidence" (in en). Human Resource Development Review 15 (4): 459–486. doi:10.1177/1534484316673177. ISSN 1534-4843. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/16329/3/16329%20GRAY_Business_Coaching_2016.pdf. 
  14. Stern, Lewis R. (2004). "Executive coaching: a working definition". Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research 56 (3): 154–162. doi:10.1037/1065-9293.56.3.154. http://opm.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Executive-coaching-definition-Stern043.pdf. Retrieved 4 July 2015. 
  15. Jones, Rebecca J.; Woods, Stephen A.; Guillaume, Yves R. F. (June 2016). "The effectiveness of workplace coaching: a meta-analysis of learning and performance outcomes from coaching". Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 89 (2): 249–277. doi:10.1111/joop.12119. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/74522/1/Jones%20et%20al%202016_JOOP.pdf. 
  16. Lorber, Laura (10 April 2008). "Executive Coaching – Worth the Money?". The Wall Street Journal. https://blogs.wsj.com/independentstreet/2008/04/10/executive-coaching-worth-the-money/. 
  17. Wang, Yanfei; Yuan, Chuqin (2017). "Coaching leadership and employee voice behavior: a multilevel study". Social Behavior and Personality 45 (10): 1655–1664. doi:10.2224/sbp.6593.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2224%2Fsbp.6593
  18. Gyllensten, Kristina; Palmer, Stephen (July 2005). "Can coaching reduce workplace stress?". The Coaching Psychologist 1: 15–17. 
  19. "Definition of Christian Coaching". Christian Coaches Network International. October 2017. https://christiancoaches.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/CCNI-Christian-Coaching-Distinctions.pdf. "Christian coaching is an approach to the practice of professional coaching—whether focused on personal or professional growth—that integrates the biblical worldview when working with clients to recognize their potential and effect personal change." 
  20. Collins, J. Michael; Olive, Peggy; O'Rourke, Collin M. (February 2013). "Financial Coaching's Potential for Enhancing Family Financial Security". Journal of Extension 51 (1): 1FEA8. http://www.joe.org/joe/2013february/a8.php. Retrieved 2 July 2013. 
  21. Engel, Reed Jordan (2011). An Examination of Wellness Coaches and Their Impact on Client Behavioral Outcomes (Thesis). Purdue University. Retrieved 2 July 2015. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/dissertations/AAI3479465/
  22. "Health Coaches & Health Coaching: Definition, Qualifications, Risk and Responsibility, and Differentiation from Wellness Coaching". National Society of Health Coaches. http://www.nshcoa.com/pdf/NSHCPositionStatementFinal2015.pdf. 
  23. Maslin Nir, Sarah (8 November 2010). "Like a Monitor More Than a Tutor". The New York Times: p. A21. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/08/nyregion/08homework.html. 
  24. Nieuwerburgh, Christian van (2012). Coaching in Education: Getting Better Results for Students, Educators, and Parents. Professional Coaching Series. London: Karnac Books. ISBN 9781780490793. OCLC 778418798. https://books.google.com/books?id=XcO5DRcAGqIC. 
  25. Neenan, Michael (2018). Neenan, Michael. ed. Cognitive Behavioural Coaching: Distinctive Features. Coaching distinctive features. New York: Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781351188555. ISBN 9781351188555. OCLC 1012616113.  https://dx.doi.org/10.4324%2F9781351188555
  26. Grant, Anthony M. (2005). "What is evidence-based executive, workplace, and life coaching?". in Cavanagh, Michael J.; Grant, Anthony M.; Kemp, Travis. Evidence-based Coaching, Vol. 1: Theory, Research and Practice from the Behavioural Sciences. Bowen Hills, Queensland: Australian Academic Press. pp. 1–12. ISBN 9781875378579. OCLC 67766842.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/67766842
  27. Grant, Anthony M.; Cavanagh, Michael J. (2018). "Life Coaching". in Cox, Elaine; Bachkirova, Tatiana; Clutterbuck, David. The Complete Handbook of Coaching (3 ed.). Los Angeles: Sage Publications. ISBN 9781526453112. https://books.google.com/books?id=PqpODwAAQBAJ. Retrieved 26 July 2020. "The roots of contemporary life coaching appear to emerge from humanistic traditions of psychology (e.g. Maslow, 1954) and the practices of the Human Potential Movement (HPM) [...]. One of the key influences were the Erhard Seminars Training or EST programmes developed by Werner Erhard (Kirsch & Glass, 1977). These were marketed as personal transformation, and as such can be considered as drawing on the same social impetus that later gave rise to life coaching. [...] psychology as an academic discipline and a helping profession tended to be associated, at least in the public's mind, with mental illness and the treatment of distress, rather than the promotion of well-being. Psychology did not truly engage with life coaching until the pioneers of commercial life coaching in the USA, such as Thomas Leonard, had raised the profile of life coaching and life coach training during the late 1980s and early 1990s. However, at this time life coaching was still viewed by many as being faddish, theoretically incoherent, new-age and more of a network marketing opportunity than a solid theoretically-grounded helping modality." 
  28. Nisbet, Matthew C. (May-June 2020). "Tony Robbins Next Door: Personal Coaches Are The New High Priests Of Self-Help". Skeptical Inquirer (Amherst, New York: Center for Inquiry) 44 (3). https://skepticalinquirer.org/2020/05/tony-robbins-next-door-personal-coaches-are-the-new-high-priests-of-self-help/. Retrieved 26 November 2020. 
  29. Dawes, Robyn M. (1994). House of Cards: Psychology and Psychotherapy Built on Myth. New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-0029072059. OCLC 28675086. https://archive.org/details/houseofcardspsyc00dawerich. 
  30. Epstein, William M. (1995). The Illusion of Psychotherapy. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1560002154. OCLC 32086626.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32086626
  31. Yossi, Ives; Cox, Elaine (2015). Relationship Coaching: The Theory and Practice of Coaching with Singles, Couples and Parents. Hove, East Sussex; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415737951. OCLC 881498486. https://books.google.com/books?id=kz-LBQAAQBAJ. 
  32. Griffo, J.M., Jensen, M., Anthony, C.C., Baghurst, T. and Kulinna, P.H., 2019. "A decade of research literature in sport coaching (2005–2015)". International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 14(2), 205–215. doi:10.1177/1747954118825058 https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1747954118825058
  33. Wildflower, Leni (2013). The Hidden History of Coaching. Coaching in practice series. Maidenhead: Open University Press. p. 38. ISBN 9780335245406. OCLC 820107321. https://books.google.com/books?id=IKGSyKsY-hkC. "[...] sports psychology [...] has a history going back to the 1890s in America. [...] By 1920 Germany had a specialized College of Physical Education, whose founder, Robert Werner Schulte, wrote a book called Body and Mind in Sport. The universities of Moscow and Leningrad had departments of sports psychology by the 1930s." 
  34. Hamilton, David (May 1977). "Writing coach". College Composition and Communication 28 (2): 154–158. doi:10.2307/356104.  https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F356104
  35. Stanley, Jane (September 1992). "Coaching student writers to be effective peer evaluators". Journal of Second Language Writing 1 (3): 217–233. doi:10.1016/1060-3743(92)90004-9.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F1060-3743%2892%2990004-9
  36. Wolf, Rita; Thomason, Tommy (March 1986). "Writing coaches: their strategies for improving writing". Newspaper Research Journal 7 (3): 43–49. doi:10.1177/073953298600700305.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F073953298600700305
  37. Laakaniemi, Ray (March 1987). "An analysis of writing coach programs on American daily newspapers". Journalism Quarterly 64 (2-3): 569–575. doi:10.1177/107769908706400242.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F107769908706400242
  38. Baldwin, Claire; Chandler, Genevieve E. (February 2002). "Improving faculty publication output: the role of a writing coach". Journal of Professional Nursing 18 (1): 8–15. doi:10.1053/jpnu.2002.30896. PMID 11859488.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1053%2Fjpnu.2002.30896
  39. Jefferies, Diana; Johnson, Maree; Nicholls, Daniel; Lad, Shushila (August 2012). "A ward-based writing coach program to improve the quality of nursing documentation". Nurse Education Today 32 (6): 647–651. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2011.08.017. PMID 21982050.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nedt.2011.08.017
  40. Gardiner, Maria; Kearns, Hugh (September 2012). "The ABCDE of writing: coaching high-quality high-quantity writing". International Coaching Psychology Review 7 (2): 247–259. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236627021. 
  41. Passmore, Jonathan, ed (2016). Excellence in Coaching: The Industry Guide (3rd ed.). London; Philadelphia: Kogan Page. ISBN 9780749474461. OCLC 927192333. https://books.google.com/books?id=-_ADCwAAQBAJ. 
  42. Grant, Anthony M.; Cavanagh, Michael J. (2011). "Coaching and Positive Psychology: Credentialing, Professional Status, and Professional Bodies". in Sheldon, Kennon M.; Kashdan, Todd B.; Steger, Michael F.. Designing Positive Psychology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 295–312. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195373585.003.0019. ISBN 9780195373585. OCLC 610144651. https://books.google.com/books?id=5itnDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA295. 
  43. Passmore, Jonathan; Mortimer, Lance (2011). "Ethics in Coaching". in Hernez-Broome, Gina; Boyce, Lisa A.. Advancing Executive Coaching: Setting the Course for Successful Leadership Coaching. The Professional Practice Series. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. pp. 205–227. ISBN 9780470553329. OCLC 635455413. http://www.jonathanpassmore.com/resources/Ethics%20in%20Coaching%20-%20Passmore%20&%20Mortimer%202011.pdf. Retrieved 19 July 2021. 
  44. For example: "Code of Ethics". International Coach Federation. http://coachfederation.org/about/landing.cfm?ItemNumber=854&navItemNumber=634.  And: "Coaches Code of Ethics". National Federation of State High School Associations. http://www.nfhs.org/nfhs-for-you/coaches/coaches-code-of-ethics/. 
  45. Woods, Declan; Sleightholm, David (5 February 2016). "For Joint Release on 5th February 2016 - Global Code of Ethics for Coaches and Mentors". PRWeb. http://www.prweb.com/releases/2016/02/prweb13201905.htm. 
  46. Iordanou, Ioanna; Hawley, Rachel; Iordanou, Christiana (2017). Values and Ethics in Coaching. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN 9781473919563. OCLC 948548464. https://books.google.com/books?id=yuAqDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1. 
  47. For example, membership in one coaching organization, the International Coach Federation, tripled between 2006 and 2016: Milne-Tyte, Ashley (25 February 2016). "The business coaching industry is booming". Marketplace. https://www.marketplace.org/2016/02/25/world/business-coaching-business-booming. 
  48. For example, a list a programs accredited by the ICF: "List of All Accredited Coaching Training Programs (ACTP): Hour List". International Coach Federation. http://apps.coachfederation.org/eweb/dynamicpage.aspx?webcode=actpHourList. 
  49. According to the ICF: "Approved Coaching Specific Training Hours (ACSTH): Program Accreditation". International Coach Federation. http://coachfederation.org/program/landing.cfm?ItemNumber=3352. 
  50. "Accredited Coaching Training Program (ACTP): Program Accreditation". International Coach Federation. http://coachfederation.org/program/landing.cfm?ItemNumber=2151&navItemNumber=3354. 
  51. "Associate Certified Coach (ACC) – Individual Credentialing – ICF". International Coach Federation. https://www.coachfederation.org/credential/landing.cfm?ItemNumber=2199&navItemNumber=744. 
  52. "An Overview of Licensure as a Psychologist". California Board of Psychology. http://www.psychology.ca.gov/applicants/license.shtml. 
  53. "Master Certified Coach (MCC) – Individual Credentialing – ICF". International Coach Federation. https://www.coachfederation.org/credential/landing.cfm?ItemNumber=2205&navItemNumber=746. 
  54. "Professional Certified Coach (MCC) – Individual Credentialing – ICF". International Coach Federation. https://coachfederation.org/credential/landing.cfm?ItemNumber=2202. 
  55. See "Table 17.1 The different levels of accreditation provided by different professional bodies", in (Passmore 2016), for a comparison of different coach accreditation options offered by the AC, EMCC, IAC, ICF, and other professional bodies. https://books.google.com/books?id=-_ADCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA298
  56. Popovic, Nash; Jinks, Debra (2014). Personal Consultancy: A Model for Integrating Counselling and Coaching. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415833929. OCLC 842330076.  http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/842330076
  57. Guay, Jennifer (16 January 2013). "Millennials Enter Growing, Controversial Field of Life Coaching". USA Today. http://college.usatoday.com/2013/01/16/millennials-enter-growing-controversial-field-of-life-coaching/. 
  58. Morgan, Spencer (27 January 2012), "Should a Life Coach Have a Life First?", The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/29/fashion/should-a-life-coach-have-a-life-first.html, retrieved 4 July 2015 .
  59. Pagliarini, Robert (20 December 2011). "Top 10 Professional Life Coaching Myths". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/news/top-10-professional-life-coaching-myths/. 
  60. O'Brien, Elizabeth (8 September 2014). "10 Things Life Coaches Won't Tell You". MarketWatch. http://www.marketwatch.com/story/10-things-life-coaches-wont-tell-you-2014-09-05. 
  61. Grant, A.M. & Zackon, R. (2004). Executive, workplace and life coaching: Findings from a large scale survey of International Coach Federation members. International Journal of Evidence-based Coaching and Mentoring, 2(2), 1–15.
  62. "2016 ICF Global Coaching Study: Executive Summary". https://coachfederation.org/app/uploads/2017/12/2016ICFGlobalCoachingStudy_ExecutiveSummary-2.pdf. 
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