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Topic Review
Coffee Consumption and Insulin Resistance and Sensitivity
Long-term coffee consumption has a nonsignificant effect on insulin resistance and sensitivity. 
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Rumen Microbiota in Early Weaned Lambs
Weaning affects the development of ruminal bacteria in lambs during early life. However, the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota in early weaned lambs is unknown compared to conventionally weaned lambs. Early weaning led to a significant decrease in rumen microbiota richness and diversity in the short term. The changes in rumen microbiota are associated with the persistence of weaning stress. 
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Malate Transport and Metabolism
Legumes form a symbiosis with rhizobia, a soil bacterium that allows them to access atmospheric nitrogen and deliver it to the plant for growth. Biological nitrogen fixation occurs in specialized organs, termed nodules, that develop on the legume root system and house nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteroids in organelle-like structures termed symbiosomes. The process is highly energetic and there is a large demand for carbon by the bacteroids. Evidence indicates that malate is the preferred form of carbon supplied to the bacteroid and this review describes the processes that facilitate malate metabolism and transport.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Island Fox
The Island Fox (Urocyon littoralis) is a remarkable species endemic to the Channel Islands off the coast of Southern California. Evolving in isolation for thousands of years, these diminutive canids display unique adaptations to their island habitats, including smaller body sizes and reduced genetic diversity compared to their mainland counterparts. Facing severe threats from introduced predators and habitat alteration, the Island Fox's conservation story serves as a testament to the resilience of island species and the importance of targeted conservation efforts.
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Ensiling Complete Rations for Ruminants
Complete or total mixed rations (TMR) are produced by mixing forages, byproducts, concentrates, minerals, vitamins, and additives. From this mix, animals consume the nutrients necessary to meet the requirements of maintenance and production. Alternatively to daily preparation, TMR can be ensiled Several benefits have been associated with TMR silages, such as a reduced requirement for labor and machinery (if TMR silage is purchased), uniform composition during storage under farm conditions, the potential for incorporating unpalatable byproducts (if their flavors and odors are altered by fermentation), and high aerobic stability after feed out. Additionally, TMR silages, similar to other silages, have the potential for commercialization, especially if stored in smaller structures (e.g., bales, bags, and pouches). In the industry, TMR ingredients are usually mixed in stationary mixer wagons and stored in big bags (e.g., 300 to 400 kg) or baled by agricultural compactors (e.g., 800 to 1,000 kg). When TMR silage is produced on-farm, it may be stored in different silo types. In small herds, however, structures such as ag-bags, pouches, drums, and bales are preferred over bunkers or piles, to reduce the risk of aerobic deterioration during feed out. 
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Aug 2020
Topic Review
NADPH Oxidase 5
NADPH oxidase (Nox) is an enzyme that primarily catalyzes the production of superoxide from oxygen and NADPH. A family of NADPH oxidases termed Nox/Duox family has been identified in a wide range of organisms including invertebrates, vertebrates and plants. So far there were very few in vivo data on Nox functions in insects. In Nilaparvata lugens, a model insect of Hemiptera, Nox5 gene is an ortholog of human Nox5, which specifically expressed in ovaries of female adults and freshly laid eggs in rice leaf sheaths. It is a key enzyme in the ovulation process of the mature oocytes from N. lugens ovipositor to rice leaf sheaths. Knockdown of Nox5 gene expression resulted in the development deficit and failure of ovulation. RNAi of Nox5 significantly reduced the production of H2O2 in the ovaries of N. lugens females.
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Flaxseed Meal
Flaxseed meal (FSM) is rich in protein, α-linolenic acid, dietary fiber, flaxseed gum, and other bioactive substances. The crude protein content of FSM is up to 40%. Thus, FSM can be used as a potential high-quality protein feed resource.  However, due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors, such as cyanogenic glycosides (CGs), phytic acid, anti-vitamin B6 factor, and other anti-nutritional factors, the application of FSM is restricted in animal husbandry.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows during Lactation Period
Biochemical health markers provide an indicator of how foreign chemical substances, whether external or internal, affect the animal’s health. To understand the relationship between dairy cow health issues and oxidative stress, various biomarkers of oxidative stress must be investigated. Biochemical and hematological factors play a significant role in determining the biological health markers of animals. A variety of biochemical parameters are dependent on various factors, including the animal’s breed, its age, its development, its pregnancy status, and its production status.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Honeybee on Mammals
Honeybee products have positive effects on the reproductive performance of mammals. Many honeybee product constituents are biologically active, with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antifungal, wound-healing, and cardio-protective properties.
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Animal Models of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in humans, affecting approximately 1.8 million people worldwide. This disease has a major social impact and high treatment costs. Animal models allow us to understand and follow the colon cancer progression; thus, in vivo studies are essential to improve and discover new ways of prevention and treatment. Dietary natural products have been under investigation for better and natural prevention, envisioning to show their potential. This manuscript intends to provide the readers a review of rodent colorectal cancer models available in the literature, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their potential in the evaluation of several drugs and natural compounds’ effects on colorectal cancer. 
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Aeroterrestrial and Extremophilic Microalgae as Sources in Cosmetics
Microscopic prokaryotic and eukaryotic algae (microalgae), which can be effectively grown in mass cultures, are gaining increasing interest in cosmetics. Up to now, the main attention was on aquatic algae, while species from aeroterrestrial and extreme environments remained underestimated. In these habitats, algae accumulate high amounts of some chemical substances or develop specific compounds, which cause them to thrive in inimical conditions. Among such biologically active molecules is a large family of lipids, which are significant constituents in living organisms and valuable ingredients in cosmetic formulations. Therefore, natural sources of lipids are increasingly in demand in the modern cosmetic industry and its innovative technologies. Among novelties in skin care products is the use of lipid nanoparticles as carriers of dermatologically active ingredients, which enhance their penetration and release in the skin strata. 
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Feline Polycystic Kidney Disease
Feline polycystic kidney disease is a disease with high prevalence in some feline breeds such as the Persian breed. This disease is characterized by chronic renal failure, appears in animals between three and ten years of age and leads to severe and irreversible kidney failure. 
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Reproductive Stage Drought Tolerance in Wheat
Drought stress is a major constraint to crop productivity. Our main food crops, the cereals, suffer dramatic yield losses when drought spells coincide with the reproductive growth phase. Climate change scenarios predict increasing occurrences of irregular rainfall and associated drought spells in the future. Enhancing drought tolerance of cereals and other food crops has become essential to stabilise and secure food supplies for an increasing world population. 
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Administration
The treatment of dairy cows with nonsteroidal drugs is applied experimentally to investigate the relevance of inflammation during the periparturient period. Despite appearing healthy, dairy cows throughout the transition period and mainly after parturition can develop a pro-inflammatory status that may negatively influence milk production and cows’ health. The administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been demonstrated to have both positive or negative effects on health and milk production, depending on the type of inhibition mechanism, the dose administered and the cows’ lactation numbers. At present, the safety and efficacy of NSAIDs have not been irrefutably demonstrated; therefore, their use to improve metabolic and inflammatory status, as well as milk production and cow health after parturition, should be carefully evaluated.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Farm Animal Biotechnology
This paper reviews the literature on the latest insights in interdisciplinary anthropological research on the evolution of animal domestication and breeding and puts them in the context of the contemporary ethical debate on animal welfare and the application of modern biotechnology to animal breeding. 
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Npy&Pyy in Teleost Food Intake
Neuropeptide Y family (NPY) is a potent orexigenic peptide and pancreatic polypeptide family comprising neuropeptide Y (Npy), peptide YYa (Pyya), and peptide YYb (Pyyb), which was previously known as peptide Y (PY), and tetrapod pancreatic polypeptide (PP), but has not been exhaustively documented in fish. Nonetheless, Npy and Pyy to date have been the key focus of countless research studies categorizing their copious characteristics in the body, which, among other things, include the mechanism of feeding behavior, cortical neural activity, heart activity, and the regulation of emotions in teleost. In this review, we focused on the roles of Npy and Pyy in teleost food intake since feeding is essential in fish to ensure growth and perpetuation, being indispensable in the aquaculture settings where growth is prioritized.Therefore, a better understanding of the roles of these genes in food intake in teleost could help determine their feeding regime, regulation, growth, and development, which will possibly be fundamental in fish culture.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Orchard Target-Oriented Spraying Systems
Pests in orchards are mainly controlled through the use of chemical pesticides, which decrease fruit loss by 66% to 90%. Orchard air-assisted spraying technology is recommended as highly effective by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, and this method has been widely used for orchard pest control. Traditional orchard air-assisted spraying methods involve spraying a pesticide solution in a continuous and uniform manner. This not only requires a large amount of pesticide, but also causes environmental pollution due to the drift of excess spray into the air and onto the ground. To address this problem, orchard air-assisted target-oriented spraying systems with various sensors have been developed, thus enabling variable-rate spraying based on information such as tree location, canopy profile and leaf density, and significantly reducing the amount of pesticides used.
  • 1.0K
  • 23 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Design on TPMS Porous Structure
To solve the mismatch between the comprehensive mechanical properties of the spinal fusion cage and body, a fusion cage inner hole design method based on controllable TPMS-P to characterize the inner hole structure is proposed to solve the related problems. 
  • 1.0K
  • 07 Jan 2022
Topic Review
SCF Ligases in Oogenesis and Embryogenesis
SCF (Skp1-Cullin 1-F-box) ligases, which are E3 ubiquitin multi-protein enzymes, catalyse protein ubiquitination and thus allow protein degradation mediated by the 26S proteasome. They play a crucial role in the degradation of cell cycle regulators, regulation of the DNA repair and centrosome cycle and play an important role in several diseases. SCF ligases seem to be needed during all phases of development, from oocyte formation through fertilization, activation of the embryonic genome to embryo implantation.
  • 1.0K
  • 07 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Vaccines Against COVID-19
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, various joint efforts have been made to support the creation of vaccines. Different projects have been under development, of which some are in the clinical evaluation stage and others in are in phase III with positive results.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Mar 2022
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