Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Effect of Packaging and Logo on Consumers’ Attention
Given the significance of packaging and logos, the type of form element that can attract consumers has become a crucial research topic. Attention and attraction signify the first stage of the attitude toward further consumption behavior and visual communication to understand the product or service, which is a cognitive stimulation and has a crucial effect on further purchase attitude.
  • 331
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Sources of Microorganisms for Bioaugmentation
Bioremediation encompasses a broad range of environmental biotechnologies, which require multidisciplinary approaches through implementation of innovative tools to the natural biological processes occurring in soil, water, and air. The addition of microbial biomass (bacteria, fungi, and their secreted enzymes) to contaminated areas, i.e., the process of bioaugmentation, can be adapted to the green environment and can notably improve an area’s pollutant removal efficiency (RE), as well as reduce their removal time and costs.
  • 330
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
4D-Based Environmental Impact Analysis of Road Project Variants
Road construction work has a multitude of impacts on its host environment, and the effect of these impacts varies according to the areas it crosses. Taking these impacts into account from the earliest stages of project planning is the ideal approach pursued by planners to ensure that their plans not only take these impacts into account but also mitigate their effects as much as possible. Drawing up a project schedule that considers the impact of the work requires an in-depth understanding of its scale, spatial extent, and timing. 
  • 327
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Energy and Economic Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption to the original order of the global economy and has had an influence on the social and economic growth of countries all over the globe.
  • 327
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Environmental Sorption of Additives from Microplastics
Although the impacts of plastic pollution have long been recognized, the presence, pervasiveness, and ecotoxicological consequences of microplastic—i.e., plastic particles < 5 mm—contamination have only been explored over the last decade. Far less focus has been attributed to the role of these materials and, particularly, microplastics, as vectors for a multitude of chemicals, including those (un)intentionally added to plastic products, but also organic pollutants already present in the environment. 
  • 326
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
CO2 Emissions in Economy
The rise in carbon dioxide emissions (CO2e) is one of the most critical environmental problems confronting the world today. Burning fossil fuels is the main cause of CO2e. The environmental degradation (ED) brought on by increasing energy consumption (EC) has been another problem for the global economy in addition to positive effects of continuing of economic growth (EG) unless coupled with efficient environmental policies.
  • 325
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Microbial Biocontrol Agents in Fight against Alder Diseases
Common Alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) is a tree species native to Ireland and Europe with high economic and ecological importance. The presence of Alder has many benefits including the ability to adapt to multiple climate types, as well as aiding in ecosystem restoration due to its colonization capabilities within disturbed soils. However, Alder is susceptible to infection of the root rot pathogen Phytophthora alni, amongst other pathogens associated with this tree species. P. alni has become an issue within the forestry sector as it continues to spread across Europe, infecting Alder plantations, thus affecting their growth and survival and altering ecosystem dynamics. Beneficial microbiota and biocontrol agents play a crucial role in maintaining the health and resilience of plants. Studies have shown that beneficial microbes promote plant growth as well as aid in the protection against pathogens and abiotic stress. 
  • 324
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Reduction and Pollution Control Effect of IIG
The coordinated promotion of pollution control and carbon reduction is intended to build a more beautiful China. Intelligent industrial technology plays an important role in the fight against climate change and in improving the ecological environment. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2020, researchers used a two-way fixed effects model to evaluate the synergistic effects of industrial intelligent transformation on pollution control and carbon reduction and its mechanisms.
  • 324
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Driving the Ecological Transition of Agriculture
Human population growth has resulted in increased food consumption, followed by agrifood production intensification. Human activities have a significant impact on the environment, causing, among other things, air and water pollution and biodiversity degradation. In an international context where there is strong concern about environmental issues, it is also necessary to direct food production towards more sustainable models. 
  • 323
  • 14 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Interactions of Nanoplastics with Freshwater Phytoplankton Species
Nano-sized plastics (NPLs, size < 100 nm) are characterized by a very small size and high reactivity, allowing them to interact with diverse phytoplankton species. The processes governing the interactions of NPLs with phytoplankton cells include absorption onto cell, penetration into cells via endocytosis or physical damage, and the obstruction of substance and energy exchange with the surrounding medium. Upon association with the cells, elevated concentrations of NPLs can reduce phytoplankton growth and photosynthesis,  trigger overproduction of reactive oxygen species and damages, as well as alter cellular metabolic activity. NPLs can influence toxin production by cyanobacteria and  release of extracellular polymeric substances by different phytoplankton species. Conversely, phytoplankton species can modulate NPL fate by secreting biomolecules that form an eco-corona around the NPLs, as well as taking part in the NPLs biotransformation.
  • 322
  • 11 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Green Materials in Sustainable Urban Planning
Urban green planning is crucial in promoting sustainable urban ecosystems through the mindful use of vegetation, but few approaches are currently able to account for the ecosystem services provided by urban green planning in ex ante planning applications. Indeed, by estimating the functions exerted by different vegetation elements in urban ecosystems through a purposely developed set of equations, the procedure allows for the optimization of the development of urban plans by maximizing the contribution of vegetation to ecosystem dynamics. Specifically, the proposed methodology is articulated in two phases, i.e., the functional role of vegetation is firstly modeled through simple geometric features and specific ecological traits accounting for plant interactions with the environment, and then the selected vegetation traits are used in guiding the choice of the species. The approach has been exemplified through case studies, thereby highlighting its ability to guide planning decisions based on the type, abundance, and spatial organization of vegetation to promote the sustainability of urban development.
  • 321
  • 06 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Analytical Methodologies for Pharmaceuticals Determination in Biota Samples
There is increasing scientific evidence that some pharmaceuticals are present in the marine ecosystems at concentrations that may cause adverse effects on the organisms that inhabit them. Attempts have been made to optimize and validate analytical methods for the determination of residues of pharmaceuticals in marine biota by studying the stages of sample treatment, sample clean-up and subsequent analysis. 
  • 320
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Biobutanol Production from Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Fermentation
Butanol fermentation, also known as acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation, refers to the synthesis of butanol by butanol-producing strains using starch crops or sugars as raw materials under strict anaerobic conditions while generating byproducts of acetone and ethanol.
  • 319
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Mesoporous Materials for Metal-Laden Wastewater Treatment
Rapid technological, industrial and agricultural development has resulted in the release of large volumes of pollutants, including metal ions, into the environment. Heavy metals have become of great concern due to their toxicity, persistence, and adverse effects caused to the environment and population. In this regard, municipal and industrial effluents should be thoroughly treated before being discharged into natural water or used for irrigation. The physical, chemical, and biological techniques applied for wastewater treatment adsorption have a special place in enabling effective pollutant removal.
  • 316
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Farmland Consumption of Biogas Slurry
Biogas slurry (BS) is an attractive agricultural waste resource which can be used to regulate soil microbial communities, enhance nutrient absorption capacity of crops, promote plant–soil interactions, and consequently, increase crop productivity.
  • 316
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Pretreatment Techniques for Free Nucleic Acids in WS
Pathogenic detection in wastewater samples (WS) plays a key role in safeguarding public health and the environment. Accurate pathogenic detection is not only essential for preventing the spread of waterborne diseases, but also for preserving the ecological integrity of natural water bodies. It is also vital to monitor and detect pathogens in wastewater samples for assessing the effectiveness of wastewater treatment processes, which will help in determining the sufficiency of treatment facilities in eliminating pathogens before discharging treated wastewater into the environment. Pathogenic detection in wastewater can serve as an early warning system for potential disease outbreaks. By monitoring the presence of specific pathogens in wastewater, proactive measures can be taken to protect public health and mitigate the spread of diseases.
  • 314
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Warning Systems in Cloud Computing Early Warning Systems
An early warning system (EWS) is an integrated system that facilitates preparedness and response mechanisms through the dissemination of early warning to reduce the impact of a natural disaster. An early warning system is an indispensable tool that helps save lives and reduce the impact of disasters on any infrastructure, such as roads, buildings, farmlands, etc. It has been estimated that USD 800 million is spent annually to develop and operationalize EWSs in developing countries that lack the requisite resources to mitigate the impact of any natural disaster.
  • 310
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
The Impact of Bitcoin on the Environment
While blockchain and distributed ledger technology offer immense potential for applications in transparency, security, efficiency, censorship resistance, and more, they have been criticized due to the energy-intensive nature of the proof of work consensus algorithm, particularly in the context of Bitcoin mining. Bitcoin’s environmental impact has been portrayed in comparison to countries (Netherlands, Ireland, Argentina) and to industries (steel, aluminum, gold, banking, Christmas lights, aviation, tumble dryers, and even the global monetary system). The former is usually preferred by critics, as it gives a sense of the scale of Bitcoin energy consumption. In contrast, the latter is usually preferred by advocates, who highlight that many industries surpass individual countries in energy consumption and this is not usually seen as a problem. Bitcoin’s environmental impact are not confined to GHG emissions but also encompass issues such as e-waste and noise pollution.
  • 307
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19 and Housing Injustice
In the United States, there has been a long history of environmental injustice that disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities and low-income communities due to racially targeted policies and widespread discrimination. Environmental racism can be revealed in housing discrimination that perpetuates inequities in exposure to environmental pollutants. Biased credit and mortgaging practices such as redlining have led to housing segregation of racial and ethnic minorities in the USA, permitting policymakers to diminish and disinvest in these communities. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified housing instability for families of color, including Black and Hispanic/Latinx communities, putting them at increased risk for COVID-19 exposure. There is a need to investigate how environmental injustice intensifies the COVID-19 pandemic, illuminates racial and ethnic inequities in exposure to environmental contaminants, and fuels disparities in COVID-19 outcomes.
  • 307
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Approach to Existing Management Perspectives in Scuba Diving
There are a considerable number of studies reporting the negative impacts of recreational diving and their causes, yet there is a gap in the information regarding the aspects of activity management. A large part of the measures identified address stakeholders’ awareness, data on the activity, and implementing adapted management measures. Stakeholders need to be integrated into the entire process of managing the activity because they are the target for correcting actions.
  • 307
  • 04 Mar 2024
  • Page
  • of
  • 50
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback