Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Transcription Factors Regulating Triacylglycerol Accumulation
Microalgal triacylglycerols (TAGs) are a good feedstock for liquid biofuel production. Improving the expression and/or function of transcription factors (TFs) involved in TAG accumulation may increase TAG content; however, information on microalgae is still lacking. In this study, 14 TFs in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae were identified as candidate TFs regulating TAG accumulation using available transcriptome and phosphoproteome data under conditions driving TAG accumulation. 
  • 825
  • 17 May 2021
Topic Review
Lignans from Bursera fagaroides
Bursera fagaroides is a medicinal tree endemic to México, it belongs to the Burseraceae family and has proven antitumor activity. Modern research, performed principally with the bark extracts, have indicated that lignans are the main active constituents of B. fagaroides, with a high content of aryltetralin, aryldihydronaphtalene, dibenzylbutirolactone, and dibenzylbutane type lignans as the constituents of the active extracts. In general, lignans from B. fagaroides exhibited potent anti-cancer activity, although antitumor, anti-bacterial, anti-protozoal, anti inflammatory, and anti-viral properties have also been described.
  • 825
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Potential Pathogen Resistance in Cannabis sativa
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is one of the earliest cultivated crops, valued for producing a broad spectrum of compounds used in medicinal products and being a source of food and fibre.
  • 825
  • 23 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Endophytes and Abiotic Stresses
Biotic and abiotic stresses severely affect agriculture by affecting crop productivity, soil fertility, and health. These stresses may have significant financial repercussions, necessitating a practical, cost-effective, and ecologically friendly approach to lessen their negative impacts on plants. Endophytes are microorganisms that inhabit plants. Endophytes are known to promote the growth of host plants in several ways, including detoxification of toxic compounds, defense against pathogens, and production of plant growth-promoting hormones. The most common abiotic stressors include temperature, drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiency. These stresses may cause alterations in metabolomics and transcriptomics, which change the exudates from the roots and leaves and, in turn, influence the microbial community associated with plants. In the soil ecosystem, plant-associated microbes play a central role, working as natural partners that facilitate local and systemic mechanisms in plants to defend against adverse environmental conditions. 
  • 824
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Interaction between Cocoa and Witches’ Broom Disease
Invaluable methods and resources have been explored to understand the molecular biology of M. perniciosa and fungi-host interactions, it is still important to determine how the biotrophic phase is maintained in M. perniciosa, and at the molecular level, to ascertain how their hosts contribute to the end of this phase of WBD. Comprehending the transition from biotrophic to necrotrophic phase is crucial for control of the disease, as well as for the development of resistant hosts.
  • 824
  • 12 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Improvement of Salinity Tolerance in WDR
 Rice is one of the most economically important staple food crops in the world. Soil salinization and drought seriously restrict sustainable rice production. Drought aggravates the degree of soil salinization, and, at the same time, increased soil salinity also inhibits water absorption, resulting in physiological drought stress. Salt tolerance in rice is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. The recent research developments on salt stress impact on rice growth, rice salt tolerance mechanisms, the identification and selection of salt-tolerant rice resources, and strategies to improve rice salt tolerance are discussed. The increased cultivation of water-saving and drought-resistance rice (WDR) has shown great application potential in alleviating the water resource crisis and ensuring food and ecological security. An innovative germplasm selection strategy of salt-tolerant WDR is presented, using a population that is developed by recurrent selection based on dominant genic male sterility. The efficient genetic improvement can be referenced and germplasm innovation of complex traits (drought and salt tolerance) that can be translated into breeding all economically important cereal crops.
  • 823
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
CRISPR Variants for Gene Editing in Plants
CRISPR-based technology has been used to enhance the characteristics of different plants, offering a promising approach to improving plant genetics. The CRISPR–Cas system is an exact and efficient tool for targeted gene editing in plants. This system comprises RNA-guided Cas enzymes, including Cas9, Cpf1, and Cas12a, which recognize specific target sequences within the plant genome and introduce site-specific DNA breaks.
  • 823
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Plant Protein Glycation
Plant proteins are being considered to become the most important protein source of the future, and to do so, they must be able to replace the animal-derived proteins currently in use as techno-functional food ingredients. This poses challenges because plant proteins are oftentimes storage proteins with a high molecular weight and low water solubility. One promising approach to overcome these limitations is the glycation of plant proteins. The covalent bonding between the proteins and different carbohydrates created via the initial stage of the Maillard reaction can improve the techno-functional characteristics of these proteins without the involvement of potentially toxic chemicals.
  • 820
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
H2S-Mediated Mechanism
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is predominantly considered as a gaseous transmitter or signaling molecule in plants.
  • 820
  • 10 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide Production in Plants
The whole variety of biochemical reactions, in which the nitric oxide (NO) molecule is produced, proceeds in plants by two major alternative mechanisms: (1) the oxidative or arginine-dependent and (2) the reductive or nitrite-dependent pathways, and both of them are characterized by a complex nature.
  • 820
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Impatiens longiaristata
Impatiens longiaristata (Balsaminaceae), a new species from western Sichuan Province in China, is described and illustrated here based on morphological and molecular data. It is similar to I. longiloba and I. siculifer, but differs in its lower sepal with a long arista at the apex of the mouth, spur curved downward or circinate, and lower petal that is oblong-elliptic and two times longer than the upper petal. Molecular analysis confirmed its placement in sect. Racemosae. 
  • 819
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Phytochemicals as Antimicrobials
Among all available antimicrobials, antibiotics hold a prime position in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has posed a serious threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and escalation in healthcare costs causing a global health crisis. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in global healthcare setups have accelerated the development and spread of AMR, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which further limits treatment options. This creates a critical need to explore alternative approaches to combat bacterial infections. Phytochemicals have gained attention as a potential source of alternative medicine to address the challenge of AMR. Phytochemicals are structurally and functionally diverse and have multitarget antimicrobial effects, disrupting essential cellular activities.
  • 819
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Silicon in the Soil–Plant Continuum
Plants’ ability to take up silicon from the soil, accumulate it within their tissues and then reincorporate it into the soil through litter creates an intricate network of feedback mechanisms in ecosystems. Here, we provide a study of silicon’s roles in soil chemistry and physics and in plant physiology and ecology, focusing on the processes that form these feedback mechanisms. 
  • 818
  • 07 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Starch Modifications Outside the Plant System
Starch has been a convenient, economically important polymer with substantial applications in the food and processing industry. However, native starches present restricted applications, which hinder their industrial usage. Therefore, modification of starch is carried out to augment the positive characteristics and eliminate the limitations of the native starches. Modifications of starch can result in generating novel polymers with numerous functional and value-added properties that suit the needs of the industry. 
  • 818
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
MATE-Type Proteins and Isoflavone Levels in Soybean Seeds
Multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) is one of the five major transporter superfamilies in living organisms. MATEs are characterized by 12 transmembrane α-helical domains, which are distinct from other solute transporters. In Glycine max, there are 117 MATE transporters gene family members. GmMATE1 and GmMATE2 are reported to mediate the accumulation of isoflavones in soybean seeds.
  • 816
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
SmSPL6 and Salvia miltiorrhiza's Root
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a renowned model medicinal plant species for which 15 SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) family genes have been identified; however, the specific functions of SmSPLs have not been well characterized as of yet. For this study, the expression patterns of SmSPL6 were determined through its responses to treatments of exogenous hormones, including indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA), and abscisic acid (ABA). To characterize its functionality, we obtained SmSPL6-ovexpressed transgenic S. miltiorrhiza plants and found that overexpressed SmSPL6 promoted the accumulation of phenolic acids and repressed the biosynthesis of anthocyanin. Meanwhile, the root lengths of the SmSPL6-overexpressed lines were significantly longer than the control; however, both the fresh weights and lateral root numbers decreased. Further investigations indicated that SmSPL6 regulated the biosynthesis of phenolic acid by directly binding to the promoter regions of the enzyme genes Sm4CL9 and SmCYP98A14 and activated their expression. We concluded that SmSPL6 regulates not only the biosynthesis of phenolic acids, but also the development of roots in S. miltiorrhiza.
  • 815
  • 10 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Polyploidy Induction for Salinity Stress Mitigation in Soybean
Polyploidy induction is recognized as one of the major evolutionary processes leading to remarkable morphological, physiological, and genetic variations in plants. Soybean (Glycine max L.), also known as soja bean or soya bean, is an annual leguminous crop of the pea family (Fabaceae) that shares a paleopolypoidy history, dating back to approximately 56.5 million years ago with other leguminous crops such as cowpea and other Glycine specific polyploids. 
  • 815
  • 23 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Saffron (Use)
In the context of use, Saffron is a key seasoning, fragrance, dye, and medicine in use for over three millennia. From antiquity to modern times the history of saffron is full of applications in food, drink, and traditional herbal medicine: from Africa and Asia to Europe and the Americas the brilliant red threads were—and are—prized in baking, curries, and liquor. It coloured textiles and other items and often helped confer the social standing of political elites and religious adepts. Ancient and medieval peoples believed saffron could be used to treat a wide range of ailments, from stomach upsets to the plague.
  • 810
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Northern California Coastal Forests (WWF Ecoregion)
The Northern California coastal forests are a temperate coniferous forests ecoregion of coastal Northern California (though a small portion of this region extends into Southwestern Oregon), United States .
  • 808
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Impact and Prospects of Rye in Wheat Breeding
Rye (Secale cereale subsp. cereale L.) has long been exploited as a valuable alternative genetic resource in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding. Indeed, the introgression of rye genetic material led to significant breakthroughs in the improvement of disease and pest resistance of wheat, as well as a few agronomic traits.
  • 808
  • 27 Feb 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 52
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback