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Topic Review
Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee
Osteonecrosis is a terrible condition that can cause advanced arthritis in a number of joints, including the knee. The three types of osteonecrosis that can affect the knee are secondary, post-arthroscopic, and spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SPONK). Regardless of osteonecrosis classification, treatment for this condition seeks to prevent further development or postpone the onset of knee end-stage arthritis. Joint arthroplasty is the best course of action whenever there is significant joint surface collapse or there are signs of degenerative arthritis. The non-operative options for treatment at the moment include observation, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), protective weight bearing, and analgesia if needed. Depending on the severity and type of the condition, operational procedures may include unilateral knee arthroplasty (UKA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), or joint preservation surgery. Joint preservation techniques, such as arthroscopy, core decompression, osteochondral autograft, and bone grafting, are frequently used in precollapse and some postcollapse lesions, when the articular cartilage is typically unaffected and only the underlying subchondral bone is affected. In contrast, operations that try to save the joint following significant subchondral collapse are rarely successful and joint replacement is required to ease discomfort. 
  • 565
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Metabolic Syndrome Screening and Nutritional Status of Psoriasis
Patients with psoriasis have a poor nutritional status, and they are at risk of nutrient deficiencies. However, these health aspects are not routinely assessed and may increase the risk of malnutrition among these patients. Therefore, additional assessments, such as body composition and dietary assessment, are needed to determine the nutritional status to provide a suitable intervention.
  • 562
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Theoretical Rationale of Fall Prevention Exercise Program
Falls are a major concern in the elderly and walking is an important daily activity in which falls occur, with tripping and slipping being the most frequent causes. Gait biomechanical parameters have been related to the occurrence of falls in the elderly. Moreover, there is evidence that falls can be prevented through exercise programs, which have been shown to be also effective in improving gait biomechanical parameters.
  • 562
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Displacement-Based Approaches for Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins Removal
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients rely on renal replacement therapies to survive. Hemodialysis (HD), the most widely applied treatment, is responsible for the removal of excess fluid and uremic toxins (UTs) from blood, particularly those with low molecular weight (MW < 500 Da). The development of high-flux membranes and more efficient treatment modes, such as hemodiafiltration, have resulted in improved removal rates of UTs in the middle molecular weight range. However, the concentrations of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) remain essentially untouched. Due to the high binding affinity to large proteins, such as albumin, PBUTs form large complexes (MW > 66 kDa) which are not removed during HD and their accumulation has been strongly associated with the increased morbidity and mortality of patients with ESRD. 
  • 558
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Radiotherapy on Bone Turnover
Radiotherapy (RT) plays a pivotal role in the oncological management of head and neck cancers (HNC). Radiotherapy is the only curative alternative for patients with early-stage squamous cell HNC who are medically inoperable. It is also the only option for inoperable locally advanced salivary gland carcinomas where effective chemotherapy alternatives are not accessible. Locally advanced HNC (LA-HNC) patients may benefit from RT as an adjuvant therapeutic option after surgery and as the backbone of organ-sparing treatment when combined with concurrent chemotherapy. Furthermore, RT can be an effective primary palliative strategy for recurrent or metastatic disease.
  • 555
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Aortic Valve Stenosis and Cancer
Aortic valve stenosis and malignancy frequently coexist and share the same risk factors as atherosclerotic disease. Data reporting the prognosis of patients with severe aortic stenosis and cancer are limited. Tailoring the correct and optimal care for cancer patients with severe aortic stenosis is complex.
  • 554
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Use of 3D Reconstruction in Laparoscopic Microwave Ablation
Laparoscopic ablation of hepatic tumors is a demanding procedure. In the preoperative period, 3D reconstruction of radiological imaging associated with virtual reality permits to evaluate of exactly the position of the lesions. During the operation, augmented reality and intraoperative ultrasound examination are useful tools to perform a safe ablation of the lesion. ICG fluorescence imaging can be used to identify new subglissonian nodules, to guide with more precision microwave antenna e to verify the effect of associated procedures as well as the intra-hepatic vascular occlusion.
  • 553
  • 13 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota in Dysbiosis
Inflammation and oxidative stress are critical underlying mechanisms associated with COVID-19 that contribute to the complications and clinical deterioration of patients. Additionally, COVID-19 has the potential to alter the composition of patients’ gut microbiota, characterized by a decreased abundance of bacteria with probiotic effects. Interestingly, certain strains of these bacteria produce metabolites that can target the S protein of other coronaviruses, thereby preventing their transmission and harmful effects. At the same time, the presence of gut dysbiosis can exacerbate inflammation and oxidative stress, creating a vicious cycle that perpetuates the disease. Furthermore, it is widely recognized that the gut microbiota can metabolize various foods and drugs, producing by-products that may have either beneficial or detrimental effects. In this regard, a decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, can influence the overall inflammatory and oxidative state, affecting the prevention, treatment, or worsening of COVID-19.
  • 552
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Health Care Provision Worldwide
Quality health care is an essential human right, on the agenda of sustainable development and presents a challenge in the twenty-first century. There are different perspectives regarding the price and quality of health care, and it is necessary to review the quality health care issue and how it influenced by price. Health care is a service industry, needs basic standards and specialized human resources to perform the procedure, and quality health care is not associated with an extra price. The quality of health care assures sustainability. Likewise, there are some additional choices during certain procedures, and those may have different price options and would be linked with quality. So, those optional health care and basic health need to define separately.
  • 550
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence Advancements in Cervical Cancer
Artificial intelligence has yielded remarkably promising results in several medical fields, namely those with a strong imaging component. Gynecology relies heavily on imaging since it offers useful visual data on the female reproductive system, leading to a deeper understanding of pathophysiological concepts. The applicability of artificial intelligence technologies has not been as noticeable in gynecologic imaging as in other medical fields. However, due to growing interest in this area, some studies have been performed with exciting results. From urogynecology to oncology, artificial intelligence algorithms, particularly machine learning and deep learning, have shown huge potential to revolutionize the overall healthcare experience for women’s reproductive health.
  • 549
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
MicroRNAs’ Role in the Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is most commonly seen in patients over 55 years of age and often results in a loss of many productive years. SAH has a high mortality rate, and survivors often suffer from early and secondary brain injuries. Understanding the pathophysiology of the SAH is crucial in identifying potential therapeutic agents. One promising target for the diagnosis and prognosis of SAH is circulating microRNAs, which regulate gene expression and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes.
  • 546
  • 05 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Application of Staphylococcus aureus Vaccines
Staphylococcus aureus, a prevalent human pathogen and a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections, is increasingly evolving antibiotic-resistant strains, increasing mortality and morbidity rates. Anti-staphylococcal vaccine research for prevention and treatment has become a priority. Antibodies against specific S. aureus components, toxins, and polysaccharides have demonstrated encouraging results in animal studies regarding protection against colonization or infection. However, human immunization trials have yielded less optimistic outcomes, with no anti-staphylococcal having passed clinical trials up to now. Although multiple formulation attempts triggered strong antibody responses, the vaccines could not effectively prevent S. aureus infections.
  • 546
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Life of Palliative Care Professionals during the COVID-19
The display of compassionate care by palliative care professionals is of the utmost importance to the patients, their families, and even to their own professional well-being. Lately and, especially due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, palliative care professionals have been subjected to greater pressures stemming from their work environment, organizational standpoint, and emotional sense of view. Not only have these factors made it harder for professionals to deliver compassionate care to their patients, but they have also decreased their overall well-being.
  • 543
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Post-Treatment Concerns of Cancer Survivors in Alberta, Canada
As the rates of cancer incidence and survival increase in Canada, more patients are living in the post-treatment survivorship phase of their cancer journey. Identifying cancer survivors’ concerns and unmet needs is important so that health care teams can provide relevant information, supports, and resources. Secondary data analysis was carried out on the Alberta patient sample from the 2016 Pan-Canadian Transitions Study survey, designed by the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. 
  • 542
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Multiparametric US-US Methodological Standards
Testicular lesions (TLs) are challenging clinical or ultrasound findings. When large, hard palpable lumps, TL management is mainly clinical, requiring conventional color-Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) to confirm that they are solid, vascularized lesions suggesting malignancy. However, when their CDUS characteristics are uncertain or when nonpalpable, multiparametric US (mp-US) (i.e., the combination of CDUS and more recent US techniques such as contrast-enhanced US and sonoelastography) plays a key role in their characterization, aimed at differentiating benign from malignant TL. This is relevant, since TLs are frequent, testicular tumors are the most common malignancies in young men, and the accurate assessment of a TL is critical to define its correct management including testicular salvage and US follow-up or orchiectomy. 
  • 542
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
HDAC Inhibitors as Antiparasitic Agents
Ongoing therapy for human parasite infections has a few known drugs but with serious side effects and the problem of drug resistance, impelling us to discover novel drug candidates with newer mechanisms of action. Universally, this has boosted the research in the design and development of novel medicinal agents as antiparasitic drugs with a novel mode of action. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are used in a vast variety of diseases due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Drug repurposing strategies have already approved HDACis as cancer therapeutics and are now under investigation for many parasitic infections. Along with the expression of the gene, histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes also act as a slice of great multi-subunit complexes, targeting many non-histones, changing systemic and cellular levels signaling, and producing different cell-based specified effects. Zinc (Zn2+)- and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent HDACs of parasites play pivotal roles in the alteration of gene expression of parasites. Some of them are already known to be responsible for the survival of several parasites under odd circumstances; thus, targeting them for therapeutic interventions will be novel for potential antiparasitic targets. 
  • 542
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Photodynamic Therapy on Halitosis
Halitosis is a term that consists of any unpleasant odor emanating from the oral cavity, the source of which may be local or systemic. This alteration in mouth odor is the third major cause of the search for oral treatment. Anaerobic bacteria are identified as the main cause of halitosis.
  • 540
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Natural Antimicrobial Agents for Wound Infections Treatment
The rising prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria underscores the need to search for innovative and nature-based solutions. One of the approaches may be the use of plants that constitute a rich source of miscellaneous compounds with a wide range of biological properties. Natural products are one of the most promising and intensively examined agents to combat the consequences of the overuse and misuse of classical antibiotics.
  • 539
  • 17 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Nuclear Medicine Based on the Example of [89Zr]Zr-PSMA-DFO
The interdisciplinary possibilities inherent in nuclear medicine offer an opportunity for the patient-centered development of radioactive pharmaceuticals based on specific research questions. This approach provides radiopharmaceutical manufacturers with a robust scientific foundation on which to navigate the regulatory requirements for drug approval laid down by the law. A vivid illustration of this interdisciplinary cooperation has been the development of a Zr-89-labeled PSMA ligand where reliable results have been obtained across various domains, including chemistry, radiochemistry, biochemistry, and preclinical research. This comprehensive process extended to feasibility studies conducted with carefully selected patients from a single nuclear medicine clinic. 
  • 536
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Parental Needs and QoL in Children with Pompe Disease
Pompe disease (PD) is a rare metabolic disorder with progressive neuromuscular consequences that negatively impact a child’s development and quality of life (QoL). Despite an improved prognosis with treatment, the risk for early death due cardiorespiratory crisis remains. Parents not only face physical fatigue and family distress in coping with the child’s special needs but also experience emotions, worries, and unexpressed needs (a “humanistic burden”) that require supportive interventions. 
  • 536
  • 28 Mar 2024
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