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Topic Review
Elicitors in Grapevine Defense
Elicitors as alternatives to agrochemicals are widely used as a sustainable farming practice. The use of elicitors in viticulture to control disease and improve phenolic compounds is widely recognized in this field. Concurrently, they also affect other secondary metabolites, such as aroma compounds. Grape and wine aroma compounds are an important quality factor that reflects nutritional information and influences consumer preference.
  • 808
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Sprouted Grains to Combat Malnutrition
Due to the global rise in food insecurity, micronutrient deficiency, and diet-related health issues, the United Nations (UN) has called for action to eradicate hunger and malnutrition. Grains are the staple food worldwide; hence, improving their nutritional quality can certainly be an appropriate approach to mitigate malnutrition.
  • 808
  • 31 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Application of Cereal- and Legume-Derived Protein-Mineral Complexes
Minerals play an important role in maintaining human health as the deficiency of these minerals can lead to serious health issues. To address these deficiencies, current research efforts are actively investigating the utilization of protein-mineral complexes as eco-friendly, non-hazardous, suitable mineral fortifiers, characterized by minimal toxicity, for incorporation into food products.
  • 808
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Flavonoids Nutraceuticals and Their Metabolites
Nutraceuticals have been receiving increasing attention due to their potential role as adjuvants against non-communicable chronic diseases. Nutraceuticals are generally defined as a food or part of a food that provides benefits to health in addition to its nutritional content. Polyphenols are generally low-molecular-weight compounds that can be divided into multiple classes based on their structures, including flavonoids, stilbenes, phenolic acids, lignans, non-phenolic metabolites and other polyphenols. Each of these families and sub-families hosts numerous structural variants sharing the same family-defining scaffold.
  • 805
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Rice Bran-Mediated Anti-Obesity Properties
Rice is a major cereal crop and a staple food for nearly 50% of people worldwide. Rice bran (RB) is a nutrient-rich by-product of rice processing. RB is rich in carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, lipids, minerals, and several trace elements (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and manganese). The extraction process and storage have influenced RB extracts and RB oil’s quality. The RB composition has also varied on the rice cultivars. The color of RB indicates the richness of the bioactive compounds, especially anthocyanins. γ-oryzanol, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and unsaturated fatty acids are major components of RB oil. It has been established that RB supplementation could improve the host’s health status. Several preclinical and clinical studies have reported that RB has antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anticolitis, and antidiabetic properties. The beneficial biological properties of RB are partially attributed to its ability to alter the host microbiome and help to maintain and restore eubiosis. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and lung disease, account for 74% of deaths worldwide. Obesity is a global health problem and is a major reason for the development of NCDs. The medical procedures for managing obesity are expensive and long-term health supplements are required to maintain a healthy weight. Thus, cost-effective natural adjuvant therapeutic strategy is crucial to treat and manage obesity. 
  • 805
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
8-HEPE against Metabolic Syndrome, Dyslipidemia, NAFLD, and Atherosclerosis
Euphausia pacifica (E. pacifica), also called North Pacific krill, is a small, red crustacean similar to shrimp that flourishes in the North Pacific Ocean. E. pacifica oil contains 8-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (8-HEPE) at a level more than 10 times higher than Euphausia superba oil. 8-HEPE can activate the transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), PPARγ, and PPARδ to levels 10, 5, and 3 times greater than eicosapentaenoic acid, respectively. 8-HEPE has beneficial effects against metabolic syndrome (reduction in body weight gain, visceral fat area, amount of gonadal white adipose tissue, and gonadal adipocyte cell size), dyslipidemia (reduction in serum triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and induction of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), atherosclerosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (reduction in triglyceride accumulation and hepatic steatosis in the liver) in mice.
  • 804
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Activity of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts
Traditional industrial fermentation attributes to Saccharomyces cerevisiae the most important role as a biotechnological organism involved in worldwide fermentation products such as beers, cider, wines, sake, distilled spirits, bakery products, cheese, sausages and other fermented foods. However, the world has started to re-evaluate the potential positive contribution of non-Saccharomyces yeasts (NSYs). They have found a pro-technological use in traditional fermentations, where they can impart peculiar and distinctive characteristics to the product, but also in other applications such as in biomedical or fundamental biological research, environmental biotechnology, heterologous protein production, biocontrol and food and feed sectors.
  • 804
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Sample Preparation Methods of Edible Oils
The matrix of edible oils is complex, and it is necessary to perform efficient sample preparation to extract the target components before detection. Sample preparation generally includes steps such as sample collection, extraction, purification, and concentration. 
  • 802
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Brassica Bioactives on Human Health
Brassica vegetables and their components, the glucosinolates, have been suggested as good candidates as dietary coadjutants to improve health in non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
  • 801
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
High-Hydrostatic-Pressure Processing in Baked Products
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) technology can be used to modify various matrices so that they can be used as ingredients in the baking industry. HHP treatments can change the functionality of starches and proteins due to cold gelatinization and protein unfolding. As a result, the resulting ingredients are more suitable for nutrient-rich bakery formulations. 
  • 800
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Actions of Food-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides
Microbial food safety has garnered a lot of attention due to worldwide expansion of the food industry and processed food products. This has driven the development of novel preservation methods over traditional ones. Food-derived antimicrobial peptides (F-AMPs), produced by the proteolytic degradation of food proteins, are emerging as pragmatic alternatives for extension of the shelf-life of food products. The main benefits of F-AMPs are their wide spectrum antimicrobial efficacy and low propensity for the development of antibiotic resistance.
  • 797
  • 30 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Impacts of Microbial Metabolites on Fishery Products
Biopreservative bacteria, or their metabolites, compete with the undesirable microbiota and dominate the microbiota by utilizing available nutrients. Microbial metabolites (bacteriocins, reuterin, pediocin, lacticin, bacteriophage, organic acids and others) possess antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, including anti-listeria.
  • 796
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Bioactive Potential of Sargassum Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites
Sargassum (family Sargasseae, order Fucales) is a genus of brown algae spanning the ocean basins of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, inhabiting mostly tropical and subtropical environments where it forms dense submarine forests.
  • 796
  • 27 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Impacts of COVID-19 on NENA Region Food Security
The COVID-19 pandemic affected agri-food systems worldwide, the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region was no exception. The pandemic affected food system activities and outcomes, with far-reaching and multidimensional implications regarding food security.
  • 795
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Penicillium roqueforti Secondary Metabolites
Penicillium roqueforti is a fungal starter culture used for the production of blue-veined cheeses, such as Roquefort, Gorgonzola, Stilton, Cabrales, and Danablue. During ripening, this species grows in the veins of the cheese, forming the emblematic blue-green color and establishing the characteristic flavor owin to its biochemical activities. P. roqueforti synthesizes a diverse array of secondary metabolites, including the well-known compounds roquefortine C, clavine alkaloids, such as isofumigaclavine A and B, mycophenolic acid, andrastin A, and PR-toxin.
  • 795
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Characterization, High-Density Fermentation, and  Production of  Lactobacilli
Lactobacilli have been widely concerned for decades. Bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus have been commonly employed in fermented food to improve the appearance, smell, and taste of food or prolong its shelf-life. They comprise 261 species (by March 2020) that are highly diverse at the phenotypic, ecological, and genotypic levels. Some Lactobacilli strains have been documented to be essential probiotics, which are defined as a group of living microorganisms that are beneficial to the health of the host when ingested in sufficiency. The viability and stability of Lactobacilli in the food industry and gastrointestinal environment are critical challenges at the industrial scale. The new production equipment and technology of DVS starter of Lactobacilli strains will have the potential for large-scale application, for example, developing low-temperature spray drying, freezing granulation drying, and spray freeze-drying.
  • 792
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Antibacterial Phytochemicals Identified in Food Wastes
Plants produce a variety of secondary metabolites, making them an area of interest in the search for new phytochemicals to cope with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A great part of agri-food waste is of plant origin, constituting a promising source of valuable compounds with different bioactivities, including those against antimicrobial resistance. Many types of phytochemicals, such as carotenoids, tocopherols, glucosinolates, and phenolic compounds, are widely present in plant by-products, such as citrus peels, tomato waste, and wine pomace. 
  • 792
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
CF: Allergenic Foods and Gluten
The period of complementary feeding (CF) represents a significant part of the 1000-day critical window. In 1994, the minimum body weight of 5 kg was selected as the main criteria to wean preterm infants on solid foods by the “Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition”. Later, the period between 5 and 8 months of uncorrected age was suggested for the initiation of CF in preterm infants. Corrected age (CA) is defined by American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) as chronological age reduced by the number of weeks born before 40 weeks of gestation. Developmental signs of readiness include infants holding their heads up when sitting, showing interest in what others are eating and opening their mouths when food approaches. The introduction of allergenic foods and gluten has always been considered a challenge of CF in healthy full-term infants. In preterm infants, this is an issue of great concern. 
  • 791
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Milk Fat Globules
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic Gram-negative bacteria. While raw milk cheese consumption is healthful, contamination with pathogens such as STEC can occur due to poor hygiene practices at the farm level. STEC infections cause mild to serious symptoms in humans. The raw milk cheese-making process concentrates certain milk macromolecules such as proteins and milk fat globules (MFGs), allowing the intrinsic beneficial and pathogenic microflora to continue to thrive. MFGs are surrounded by a biological membrane, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), which has a globally positive health effect, including inhibition of pathogen adhesion.
  • 789
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
The Mediterranean Diet
A cornerstone of any healthy lifestyle program is the inclusion of a balanced diet that can prevent various diseases, including cardiovascular conditions. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has become one of the most studied and widely reported diets and has received a lot of attention. The MD is a dietary plan based on Crete’s traditional eating habits. 
  • 786
  • 25 Oct 2023
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