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Topic Review
Long-Term Land Leasing
Land leasing, as an alternative to the purchase of agricultural land, is increasingly being embraced as a mechanism for securing tenure of land.
  • 2.5K
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
RGB-D Data-Based Action Recognition
Early research on Human Action Recognition was dominated by the analysis of still images or videos, localizing the actor in a video spatio-temporally using bounding boxes, temporal extent, and a spatio-temporal cuboid which contains a particular action. Human Action Recognition has many applications, including the automated annotation of user videos, indexing and retrieving user videos, automated surveillance, monitoring elderly patients using specially adapted cameras, robot operations, and live blogging of actions. In recent times, the availability of massive amounts of video data has provided significance to the understanding of video data (through a sequence of images) with the possibility of solving problems such as scene identification, searching through video content, and interaction recognition through video scenes. RGB-D generally refers to Red, Green, Blue plus Depth data captured by RGB-D sensors. An RGB-D image provides a per-pixel depth information aligned with corresponding image pixels. An image formed through depth information is an image channel in which each pixel relates to a distance between the image plane and the corresponding object in the RGB image. The addition of depth information to conventional RGB image helps improve the accuracy and the denseness of the data.
  • 2.5K
  • 14 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Location-Based Augmented Reality Games in Tourism
Location-based augmented reality (AR) games can guide users to visit and explore destinations, get informed, gather points and prizes by accomplishing specific tasks, and meet virtual characters that tell stories.
  • 2.5K
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
List of Paleobiota of the Morrison Formation
The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Late Jurassic sedimentary rock that is found in the western United States, which has a wide assortment of taxa represented in its fossil record, including dinosaur fossils in North America. It is composed of mudstone, sandstone, siltstone and limestone and is light grey, greenish gray, or red. Most of the fossils occur in the green siltstone beds and lower sandstones, relics of the rivers and floodplains of the Jurassic period. (mostly from Foster ; the higher-level classifications will vary as new finds are made.
  • 2.5K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Centralised Generation
Centralised generation refers the common process of electricity generation through large-scale centralised facilities, through Transmission lines to consumer. These facilities are usually located far away from consumers and distribute the electricity through high voltage transmission lines to a substation where it is then distributed to consumers. The basic concept being that incredibly large stations create electricity for a large group of people. The Vast majority of electricity used in Australia as well as the United States is created from Centralised Generation. Most Centralised Power Generation comes from large power plants run by fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas. Nuclear or large hydroelectricity plants are also commonly used. Many disagree with the processes of Centralised Generation as it often relies on electrical generation through processes of the combustion of fossil fuels, which are bad for the environment. However unsustainable the current system is, it is by far the most widely used, reliable and efficient system that is currently in use. Centralised Generation is fundamentally the opposite of distributed generation. Distributed generation is the small-scale generation of electricity to smaller groups of consumers. This can also include independently producing electricity by either solar or wind power. In recent years Distributed generation as has seen a spark in popularity due to its propensity to use renewable energy generation methods such as wind and solar.
  • 2.5K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Characterization of Semi-Solid Formulations
Specific aspects of semi-solid dosage forms for topical application include the nature of the barrier to be overcome, aspects of susceptibility to physical and chemical instability, and a greater influence of sensory perception. Advances in understanding the driving forces of skin penetration as well as the design principles and inner structure of formulations, provide a good basis for the more rational design of such dosage forms, which still often follow more traditional design approaches. The characterization of semi-solid dosage forms also requires specific approaches. In particular, rheology, chemical stability considering the specifics of semi-solid vehicles, and in vitro performance testing will be discussed.
  • 2.5K
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Bioactive Compounds from Rice Varieties
Consumption of pigmented rice as a staple food is rapidly increasing due to their healthy prospective and considered as functional food ingredients. Greater interest has been shown in many color rice varieties due to their multiple biological activities. The phenolic compounds have been found to consist of anthocyanidins, ferulic acid, diferulates, anthocyanins and polymeric proanthocyanidins. Anthocyanin is located in the bran layers of the rice kernel, while phenolic acids are mainly present in the bran layers of rice, existing as free, conjugated and bound forms. Keeping in view the several health benefits associated with the functional ingredients, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anticancer effects, pigmented rice is considered as a functional food and food ingredient in many Asian countries. 
  • 2.5K
  • 10 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Pyrimidine Derivatives as Anticancer Agents
In this entry, new pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and analyzed in terms of their anticancer properties. The tested compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antitumor activity. The cytotoxic effect on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) was also determined. According to the results, all the tested compounds exhibited inhibitory activity on the proliferation of all lines of cancer cells (colon adenocarcinoma (LoVo), resistant colon adenocarcinoma (LoVo/DX), breast cancer (MCF-7), lung cancer (A549), cervical cancer (HeLa), human leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM) and human monocytic (THP-1)).
  • 2.5K
  • 23 Apr 2021
Topic Review
STAT3
STAT3 is an important transcription factor that regulates cell growth and proliferation by regulating gene transcription of a plethora of genes.
  • 2.5K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Learning Crisis
The learning crisis is the reality that while the majority of children around the world attend school, a large proportion of them are not learning. A World Bank study found that "53 percent of children in low- and middle-income countries cannot read and understand a simple story by the end of primary school." While schooling has increased rapidly over the last few decades, learning has not followed suit. Many education systems leave lots of children behind in learning as they progress in schooling. For example, in India, over half of Grade 5 students have not mastered Grade 2 literacy. In Nigeria, only about 1 in 10 women who completed Grade 6 can read a single sentence in their native language. Across seven low- and middle-income countries that participated in PISA for Development, only 12 percent of children who were tested met minimum proficiency levels for math, and just 23 percent for reading. While the skills of Brazilian 15-year-olds have improved in recent decades, at the current rate of improvement, students will not meet the average score of wealthy countries in math for 75 years. For reading, it will take more than 260 years. It is highly likely that the learning crisis will be further exacerbated with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the vast disruptions that this pandemic caused for education across the globe.
  • 2.5K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Toxicology of Deoxynivalenol
Deoxynivalenol is a toxic compound produced by filamentous fungi and represents a threat to public health. It is not possible to totally extinguish fungal contamination in crops such as wheat and corn and thereby avoid the production of this toxin.
  • 2.5K
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Biomedical Effects of Garlic
Garlic is a perennial plant of the amaryllis family that produces strong-smelling pungent bulbs from a strong tall stem of 25–70 cm and can be grown in mild climates. Garlic is commonly used as a spice in cooking and and in herbal medicine.
  • 2.5K
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Nitroglycerin (Medication)
Nitroglycerin, also known as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), is a medication used for heart failure, high blood pressure, anal fissures, painful periods, and to treat and prevent chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to the heart (angina) or due to the recreational use of cocaine. This includes chest pain from a heart attack. It is taken by mouth, under the tongue, applied to the skin, or by injection into a vein. Common side effects include headache and low blood pressure. The low blood pressure can be severe. It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby. It should not be used together with medications within the sildenafil (PDE5 inhibitor) family due to the risk of low blood pressure. Nitroglycerin is in the nitrate family of medications. While it is not entirely clear how it works, it is believed to function by dilating blood vessels. Nitroglycerin was written about as early as 1846 and came into medical use in 1878. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. The drug nitroglycerin (GTN) is a dilute form of the same chemical used as the explosive, nitroglycerin. Dilution makes it non-explosive. In 2019, it was the 184th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.
  • 2.5K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Virtual Fencing Technology for Cattle Management
Maximizing annual pasture consumption without negatively impacting individual cow performance is of great importance in grass-based dairy and beef systems due to pasture being the most cost-effective nutrient source. However, the disadvantages of conventional and electric fencing include material and labor costs and increased manual labor. Virtual fencing has been developed and evaluated for almost two decades. The evolution of precision livestock farming, specifically virtual fencing, presents new opportunities for maximizing the utilization of available pasture land. Virtual fencing technology decreases the labor involved in physical fencing, provides greater adaptability to changes in pasture conditions, increases precision and efficiency, and offers additional flexibility in grazing management practices. However, that innovative technology should be further developed, and improvements should include decreasing the total costs of the system and increasing its application to other technological groups of ruminants, e.g., suckler cows with calves, increasing the efficiency of the system operation in large areas and a larger number of animals. 
  • 2.5K
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Energy Recovery in Air Conditioning Systems
Energy has become the backbone of humanities daily activities. Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems (HVAC), which consume around 39% of energy in the residential sector, have turned into an essential constituent for providing fresh air, especially after COVD-19, not only in hospitals but also in any simple construction. Thus, decreasing this percentage or recovering part of the energy lost is an essential issue in today’s energy management scenarios.
  • 2.5K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Chemical Composition of Sulfide Copper in Chile
Copper is a metal that presents several industrial applications due to its attractive properties, such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductibility, and ductility. It is mainly used in electrical wiring, industrial machinery, plastic electroplating, printed wiring boards, zinc die casting, automotive bumpers, and rotogravure rolls. Copper is especially important in the semiconductor industry because, in general, the connections on chips are made of this metal due to its low electrical resistance, good mechanical properties, and high corrosion resistance. In addition to this, copper can form alloys with various elements.
  • 2.5K
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Forscene
Forscene is an integrated internet video platform, video editing software, covering non linear editing and publishing for broadcast, web and mobile. Designed by Forbidden Technologies plc to allow collaborative editing of video, it is capable of video logging, reviewing, publishing and hosting to HD quality. The system is implemented as a mobile app for Android and IOS devices and as a web application with a Java applet as part of its user interface. The latter runs on platforms without application installation, codec installation, or machine configuration and has Web 2.0 features. Forscene won the Royal Television Society's award for Technology in the post-production process in December 2005, and is now used internationally. The underlying compression technology and the user interface are covered by separate patents.
  • 2.5K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Pilot Findings on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Pituitary Diseases
Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019, a massive vaccination campaign has been undertaken rapidly and worldwide. Like other vaccines, the COVID-19 vaccine is not devoid of side effects. Typically, the adverse side effects of vaccination include transient headache, fever, and myalgia. Endocrine organs are also affected by adverse effects. The major SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-associated endocrinopathies reported since the beginning of the vaccination campaign are thyroid and pancreas disorders. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced pituitary diseases have become more frequently described in the literature. 
  • 2.5K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a unique monotreme endemic to eastern Australia and Tasmania. As one of only five extant monotreme species, the platypus presents a rare blend of mammalian, reptilian, and avian features, including egg-laying, electroreception, venom production, and milk secretion without nipples. 
  • 2.5K
  • 05 Jun 2025
Topic Review
Water Quality Monitoring System Using LoRaWAN
For effective process monitoring and enhanced control in wide areas, reliable and accurate real-time measuring is essential. LoRa, a low-power, wide-area network modulation technology (LPWAN), refers to long-range data communications. LoRa allows for long-range communications of up to three miles or five kilometers in urban areas and up to ten miles or 15 km in rural areas. The ultra-low power requirements of LoRa-based systems are a crucial feature, allowing for the design of battery-operated devices that can last up to 10 years. A star network based on the open LoRaWAN protocol is suitable for an implementation scheme that needs long-range or deep in-building communication.
  • 2.5K
  • 29 Jun 2022
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