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Topic Review
Deep Learning on Images for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common in men, with an increasing incidence. Pathology diagnosis complemented with prognostic and predictive biomarker information is the first step for personalized treatment. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made significant progress in the medical field, showing potential for clinical applications. 
  • 599
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Physical Activity and Dementia
Physical activity (PA) has emerged as an alternative nonpharmacological approach to effectively address the effects of dementia. This is mainly because regular PA improves the strength of cells and tissues to respond to oxidative stress, vascularization, and energy metabolism and also allows neurotropic effects through neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations, which contribute to brain plasticity, memory improvement, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity [15]. These processes attenuate for the loss of brain tissue while the brain is ageing [14]. 
  • 597
  • 24 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Recent estimates of 8 common bacterial, viral, and parasitic sexually-transmitted infections in the United States (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis, herpes simplex virus type 2, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, and human immunodeficiency virus) found them to have a combined prevalence of 67.6 million and incidence of 26.2 million. Though preventative health guidelines have clarified screening recommendations for some populations, many bacterial sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) are asymptomatic, leading to missed opportunities for diagnosis and underreporting of disease prevalence and incidence. The best available estimates, published in early 2021, are from 2018. Overall, it is thought that 1 in 5 people in the United States has an STI, with 45.5% of all new STIs occurring in adolescents and young adults. New infections amount to $16 billion in direct medical costs.
  • 588
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Participatory Action Research for Sexual and Reproductive Health
Youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions are essential for the health of adolescents (10–19 years). Co-designing is a participatory approach to research, allowing for collaboration with academic and non-academic stakeholders in intervention development. Participatory action research (PAR) involves stakeholders throughout the planning, action, observation, and reflection stages of research. Current knowledge indicates that co-producing SRH interventions with adolescents increases a feeling of ownership, setting the scene for intervention adoption in implementation settings. 
  • 588
  • 10 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Protection of Patient Data in Digital Oral
The use of digital health technologies, including telemedicine and teledentistry, has become a necessity in healthcare due to the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic. These technologies allow for the reduction of the workload of healthcare providers and the improvement of patient outcomes in cases of remote monitoring, diagnosis, and communication. While there are no doubtful benefits, there are some counterparts, such as concerns about clinical risks, data security, and privacy protection. 
  • 588
  • 13 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently emerged as promising candidates for treating a variety of age-related conditions, including ageing frailty. MSCs can differentiate into different cell lineages and secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, that contain bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. These EVs can deliver cargo to target cells and influence cellular processes, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis, promoting tissue repair and regeneration.
  • 583
  • 09 May 2023
Topic Review
Electronic Cigarette and COVID-19 Pandemic
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) continue to be considered an alternate model of curbing smoking addiction. The presence of various electronic vaping products used as solvent carriers, flavorings, addictive substances, and their byproducts may lead to vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). The continuing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has initiated a global health emergency with the ongoing crisis related to vaccination, therapy, and diagnosis. Patients with a history of using e-cigarettes could have overlapping clinical symptoms of COVID-19, thereby leading to incorrect or delayed diagnosis and consequently, wrong treatment regimen. The diagnosis of EVALI during the COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge for treatment in these patients, and it is important to bring awareness to young adults and adolescents against the adverse effect of e-cigarettes containing addictive substances during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • 577
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Resistance as Serious Threat for Public Health
Antibiotics are among the most important discoveries of the 20th century, having saved millions of lives from infectious diseases. Microbes have developed acquired antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to many drugs due to high selection pressure from increasing use and misuse of antibiotics over the years. The transmission and acquisition of AMR occur primarily via a human–human interface both within and outside of healthcare facilities. A huge number of interdependent factors related to healthcare and agriculture govern the development of AMR through various drug-resistance mechanisms. The emergence and spread of AMR from the unrestricted use of antimicrobials in livestock feed has been a major contributing factor. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has attained an incongruous level worldwide and threatens global public health as a silent pandemic, necessitating urgent intervention. 
  • 573
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Copper and Copper/Zinc Ratio in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients require a stable and sufficient supply of micronutrients. Since copper is an essential micronutrient for human development, studies are carried out to investigate the serum copper levels, serum copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratios, and their relationship with nutritional indicators in a group of CF patients. There was no significant correlation between the serum copper concentrations and respiratory and pancreatic function, respiratory colonization, and the results of the abdominal ultrasound. 
  • 569
  • 03 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Ketogenic Diet and Resistance Training
Ketogenic diets (KDs) aim at inducing physiological ketosis (i.e., an increase in the concentration of ketone bodies in blood, usually above >0.5 mmol/L) through a marked reduction in carbohydrate intake (commonly <50 g/d or <10% of total energy intake). KDs have gained popularity in recent years among athletes. By virtue of the restriction they induce in carbohydrate availability, KDs promote the use of ketone bodies (i.e., acetoacetate, acetone and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB)) as an alternative energy substrate for different body tissues. Owing to the low carbohydrate availability induced by this type of diet, KDs induce a metabolic switch towards a greater reliance on fatty acids, which are required for the production of ketone bodies. 
  • 559
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Factors Influencing Community Health Workers’ Preparedness for ICT
Globally, community health workers (CHWs) are increasingly viewed as an integral part of the health system as opposed to simply being an extension of it. Given this view, most low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) have refocused their efforts on reorganising CHW initiatives to maximise their impact. In 2011, the South African Department of Health formally integrated community health workers (CHWs) into the national health system to strengthen primary healthcare delivery following the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) principles and the South African National Development Plan 2030. Several studies have found that most CHWs are comfortable providing clinical treatment but are unsure how to translate epidemiological and socio-demographic data into relevant information for service delivery. Information and communication technology (ICT) provides a viable mechanism for assisting CHWs with information appropriation.
  • 557
  • 29 Jan 2023
Biography
Dr. (Prof.) Abhyudaya Verma
Dr. (Prof.) Abhyudaya Verma is an Indian endocrinologist and the founder of Superspeciality Endocrinology & Women cAre centre (SEWA), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Dr. (Prof.) Abhyudaya Verma was born in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. He pursued his MBBS from M. S. Ramaiah Medical College (MSRMC), Bangalore in 1999 thereafter completed his MD (General Medicine) from Rajiv Gandhi University of Health S
  • 553
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence in Reproductive Medicine
Infertility is a global health issue affecting women and men of reproductive age with increasing incidence worldwide, in part due to greater awareness and better diagnosis. Assisted reproduction technologies (ART) are considered the ultimate step in the treatment of infertility. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been progressively used in the many fields of medicine, integrating knowledge and computer science through machine learning algorithms. AI has the potential to improve infertility diagnosis and ART outcomes estimated as pregnancy and/or live birth rate, especially with recurrent ART failure.
  • 550
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis
Mucormycosis has become increasingly associated with COVID-19, leading to the use of the term “COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM)”. Treatment of CAM is challenging due to factors such as resistance to many antifungals and underlying co-morbidities. India is particularly at risk for this disease due to the large number of patients with COVID-19 carrying comorbidities that predispose them to the development of mucormycosis. Additionally, mucormycosis treatment is complicated due to the atypical symptoms and delayed presentation after the resolution of COVID-19. 
  • 545
  • 07 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Health Information Systems for Healthcare
Health information system deployment has been driven by the transformation and digitalization confronting healthcare. The need and potential of these systems within healthcare have been tremendously driven by the global instability that has affected several interrelated sectors. Accordingly, many research studies have reported on the inadequacies of these systems within the healthcare arena, which have distorted their potential and offerings to revolutionize healthcare.
  • 545
  • 11 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Imaging Modalities for Dental Disease Diagnosis
Dental radiography (X-ray) is the most used imaging modality by dentists to identify dental issues such as lesions, periapical pathosis, and dental restorations, and evaluate oral health.
  • 536
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Risk Factors for Testicular Cancer
A large piece of knowledge suggests that most testicular cancers originate from a potential noxa during fetal life. Nevertheless, the environment, familial history, ethnicity as well as diet and occupational exposures are other important actors involved in testis carcinogenesis. 
  • 535
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Preventing Physical Inactivity during Future Pandemics
Wearable activity trackers are devices that are comfortably worn on the body and are designed to be effective in monitoring daily physical activity and improving physical fitness of the wearer. This review aimed to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on physical activity measured using wearable activity trackers and discuss future perspectives on wearable activity trackers during pandemics. Daily physical activity was significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • 531
  • 10 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Total Skin Treated by Helical Tomotherapy
Helical tomotherapy (HT) is a rotational intensity-modulated radiotherapy with a unique gantry mechanical design that can deliver highly conformal dose distributions to provide an alternative approach for total body irradiation or total marrow irradiation. 
  • 529
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Bisphosphonates’ Impact on Dental Procedures
Bisphosphonates are widely used to treat osteoporosis and malignant tumors due to their effectiveness in increasing bone density and inhibiting bone resorption. Dental patients receiving bisphosphonate treatment are at higher risk of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ), necessitating dentists’ awareness of these risks. Topical bisphosphonate applications enhance dental implant success, by promoting osseointegration and preventing osteoclast apoptosis, and is effective in periodontal treatment. 
  • 529
  • 21 Nov 2023
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