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Topic Review
Electrochemical Biosensors for Genetically Modified Crops Detection
Food safety issues are directly related to people's quality of life, so there is a need to develop efficient and reliable food contaminants’ detection devices to ensure the safety and quality of food. Electrochemical biosensors have the significant advantages of miniaturization, low cost, high sensitivity, high selectivity, rapid detection, and low detection limits using small amounts of samples, which are expected to enable on-site analysis of food products.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment Approaches
COVID-19 is an infectious disease declared as a pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). As the pandemic evolved, so did the search for potential prophylactic and therapeutic agents. Several therapies have been developed, including vaccines, antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, and others. 
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Feeding Abilities in Achondroplasia Patients
Achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant genetic disease representing the most common form of human skeletal dysplasia: almost all individuals with achondroplasia have identifiable mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor type 3 (FGFR3) gene. The cardinal features of this condition and its inheritance have been well-established, but the occurrence of feeding and nutritional complications has received little prominence. In infancy, the presence of floppiness and neurological injury due to foramen magnum stenosis may impair the feeding function of a newborn with achondroplasia. Along with growth, the optimal development of feeding skills may be affected by variable interactions between midface hypoplasia, sleep apnea disturbance, and structural anomalies. Anterior open bite, prognathic mandible, retrognathic maxilla, and relative macroglossia may adversely impact masticatory and respiratory functions. Independence during mealtimes in achondroplasia is usually achieved later than peers. Early supervision of nutritional intake should proceed into adolescence and adulthood because of the increased risk of obesity and respiratory problems and their resulting sequelae. 
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Sleep Deprivation and Central Appetite Regulation
Research shows that reduced sleep duration is related to an increased risk of obesity. The relationship between sleep deprivation and obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases may be related to the imbalance of appetite regulation. The term “sleep deprivation” refers to “abnormal sleep conditions that exhibit deficient sleep quantity, structure, and/or quality”. Chronic sleep deprivation has significant adverse effects on health and overall quality of life, and individuals with chronic sleep deprivation have significantly lower quality of life scores.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Shortage of General Practitioners
The shortage of general practitioners (GPs) and the fact that country doctors’ practices are vanishing—a situation that is currently taking a turn for the worse in some regions of Germany—are issues that have been dealt with in the media as a topic of specific discussion for some time now.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers to Monitor the Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet
Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial autoimmune enteropathy with a prevalence greater than 1% in the pediatric population. The only therapy for CD patients is a strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Gluten-free food contamination by other cereals during packaging and cooking or accidental ingestion of gluten may cause several intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms in CD patients. More recently, the use of circulating, fecal and urinary miRNAs has emerged as a novel diagnostic tool that can be potentially applied to assess adherence to GFD. Moreover, the presence of gluten immunogenic peptides (GIPs) and miRNAs in both feces and urine suggests a similar excretion modality and the possibility of using urinary miRNAs, similarly to GIPs, as potential biomarkers of GFD in CD patients.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Uterine Fibroids Diet
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are common tumors in women of reproductive age. It is imperative to comprehend UFs’ associated risk factors to facilitate early detection and prevention. Simple relying on surgical/pharmacological treatment of advanced disease is not only highly expensive, but it also deprives patients of good quality of life (QOL). Nutrition plays a crucial role in the management of UFs, adopting a personalized dietary regimen that includes specific foods, supplements, and vitamins can help reduce the risk of UFs, prevent their further growth, and alleviate symptoms. In accordance with the ESCAPE protocol, the incorporation of vitamin D (4000 IU/day), Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) (800 mg/day), and the use of endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC)-free products can be regarded as both safe and effective. These options also present an economically viable approach, particularly for women who have undergone myomectomy to deter fibroid recurrence, as well as for those exhibiting early symptoms and evident findings on imaging.
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
Recent estimates of 8 common bacterial, viral, and parasitic sexually-transmitted infections in the United States (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, syphilis, herpes simplex virus type 2, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, and human immunodeficiency virus) found them to have a combined prevalence of 67.6 million and incidence of 26.2 million. Though preventative health guidelines have clarified screening recommendations for some populations, many bacterial sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) are asymptomatic, leading to missed opportunities for diagnosis and underreporting of disease prevalence and incidence. The best available estimates, published in early 2021, are from 2018. Overall, it is thought that 1 in 5 people in the United States has an STI, with 45.5% of all new STIs occurring in adolescents and young adults. New infections amount to $16 billion in direct medical costs.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Promoting Health among Children and Adolescents via Gamification
The rapid growth in digital technology usage among children and adolescents has highlighted the need for novel approaches to promote their physical and mental health. Promoting children and adolescents’ physical and mental health through gamified techniques, these interventions can provide an interactive and engaging platform for encouraging physical activity, promoting healthy nutrition, enhancing emotional regulation, and promoting mental health. The significance of this topic stems from the pervasive use of electronic games, beginning at a young age, which makes them popular educational tools.
  • 1.0K
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Bisphosphonates’ Impact on Dental Procedures
Bisphosphonates are widely used to treat osteoporosis and malignant tumors due to their effectiveness in increasing bone density and inhibiting bone resorption. Dental patients receiving bisphosphonate treatment are at higher risk of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ), necessitating dentists’ awareness of these risks. Topical bisphosphonate applications enhance dental implant success, by promoting osseointegration and preventing osteoclast apoptosis, and is effective in periodontal treatment. 
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Diet in Asthma
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that impacts millions of people worldwide. Several dietary factors have been recognized as potential contributors to the development and severity of asthma for its inflammatory and oxidative effects. Some food groups such as fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats appear to exert positive effects on asthma disease. On the other hand, a high consumption of dietary salt, saturated fats, and trans-fat seems to have the opposite effect. 
  • 1.0K
  • 02 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Breast Cancer Detection
Breast cancer is one the main death causes for women worldwide, as 16% of the diagnosed malignant lesions worldwide are its consequence. In this sense, it is of paramount importance to diagnose these lesions in the earliest stage possible, in order to have the highest chances of survival. While there are several works that present selected topics in this area, none of them present a complete panorama, that is, from the image generation to its interpretation.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Imaging Modalities for Dental Disease Diagnosis
Dental radiography (X-ray) is the most used imaging modality by dentists to identify dental issues such as lesions, periapical pathosis, and dental restorations, and evaluate oral health.
  • 1.0K
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Protection of Patient Data in Digital Oral
The use of digital health technologies, including telemedicine and teledentistry, has become a necessity in healthcare due to the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic. These technologies allow for the reduction of the workload of healthcare providers and the improvement of patient outcomes in cases of remote monitoring, diagnosis, and communication. While there are no doubtful benefits, there are some counterparts, such as concerns about clinical risks, data security, and privacy protection. 
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Apr 2023
Topic Review
What are the Causes of Slough in Wound?
Learn what causes slough in a wound, how it affects healing, and effective ways to manage and treat it for better recovery outcomes.
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Apr 2025
Topic Review
Military Relevance of Vaccine-Preventable Infectious Diseases
The military worldwide have always been challenged with the issue of infectious diseases, which may deeply influence the outcome of battles/wars. The military are particularly exposed to the risk of infectious diseases for a series of reasons, including the community life, often in precarious environmental conditions regarding the hygiene of water and food supply, sanitation, the traumatism with contaminated wounds, and the possibility to be exposed to extreme temperatures and to diseases unknown in their country of origin, for which no natural immunization has, therefore, been developed.
  • 983
  • 31 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Roles of Calcium Ions in Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons, which results in motor impairment.  Ca2+ homeostasis disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction play a vital role in PD aetiology. In addition, the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel is expressed at high levels amongst nigral neurons, and could play a role in the pathogenesis of PD. In the dopaminergic neurons, Ca2+ entry through plasma membrane Cav1 channels drives a sustained feed-forward stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The R-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-dependent calcium channel. Available findings suggest that calcium homeostasis in dopaminergic neurons might be a valuable target for developing new drugs for PD patients.
  • 983
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Chronic Inflammation in Cancer Cachexia
Cachexia, a type of metabolic syndrome linked to the disease, is associated with a dysregulation of metabolic pathways. Cancer Cachexia is a subtle condition that reduces patients’ quality of life by impairing their response to therapy and survival. Inflammatory mediators that may play a role in the pathogenesis of neoplastic cachexia, for example, overlap with those that may play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Cachexia is a complication of cancer-related malnutrition associated with catabolic/hypermetabolic changes.
  • 972
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
Total Skin Treated by Helical Tomotherapy
Helical tomotherapy (HT) is a rotational intensity-modulated radiotherapy with a unique gantry mechanical design that can deliver highly conformal dose distributions to provide an alternative approach for total body irradiation or total marrow irradiation. 
  • 969
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Biological Activities of Genus Scutellaria
Scutellaria (Lamiaceae) comprises over 360 species. Based on its morphological structure of calyx, also known as Skullcap, it is herbaceous by habit and cosmopolitan by habitat. The species of Scutellaria are widely used in local communities as a natural remedy. The genus contributed over three hundred bioactive compounds mainly represented by flavonoids and phenols, chemical ingredients which serve as potential candidates for the therapy of various biological activities.
  • 966
  • 21 Jul 2022
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