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Topic Review
The Elephant in the Brain
The Elephant in the Brain: Hidden Motives in Everyday Life is a 2018 nonfiction book by Kevin Simler and Robin Hanson. Simler is a writer and software engineer, while Hanson is an associate professor of economics at George Mason University. The book explores self-deception and hidden motives in human behaviour. The publisher's website describes the aim of the book as 'to track down the darker, unexamined corners of our psyches and blast them with floodlights'.
  • 702
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Elaboration Principle
The elaboration principle is when "non-group" members form relationships with an "in-group" member and later are incorporated into the existing "in-group."
  • 702
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Apparitional Experience
In parapsychology, an apparitional experience is an anomalous experience characterized by the apparent perception of either a living being or an inanimate object without there being any material stimulus for such a perception. The person experiencing the apparition is awake, excluding dream visions from consideration. In academic discussion, the term "apparitional experience" is to be preferred to the term "ghost" in respect of the following points:
  • 701
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Proportional Cake-cutting with Different Entitlements
In the fair cake-cutting problem, the partners often have different entitlements. For example, the resource may belong to two shareholders such that Alice holds 8/13 and George holds 5/13. This leads to the criterion of weighted proportionality (WPR): there are several weights [math]\displaystyle{ w_i }[/math] that sum up to 1, and every partner [math]\displaystyle{ i }[/math] should receive at least a fraction [math]\displaystyle{ w_i }[/math] of the resource by their own valuation. In contrast, in the simpler proportional cake-cutting setting, the weights are equal: [math]\displaystyle{ w_i=1/n }[/math] for all [math]\displaystyle{ i }[/math] Several algorithms can be used to find a WPR division.
  • 695
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Digital Innovative Governance of the Indonesian Creative Economy
The creative economy encompasses a diverse range of sectors, including digital content production, software development, gaming, design, and various forms of artistry. The digital transformation of the creative economy has presented Indonesia with a unique set of challenges and opportunities, demanding innovative governance strategies to navigate this dynamic landscape. 
  • 661
  • 15 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Election Audits
Election auditing refers to any review conducted after polls close for the purpose of determining whether the votes were counted accurately (a results audit) or whether proper procedures were followed (a process audit), or both. Both results and process audits can be performed between elections for purposes of quality management, but if results audits are to be used to protect the official election results from undetected fraud and error, they must be completed before election results are declared final. Recounts may be considered to be a specific type of audit, but not all audits are recounts. The Verified Voting Foundation explains the difference between audits and recounts: Post-election audits are performed to “routinely check voting system performance…not to challenge to the results, regardless of how close margins of victory appear to be", while "recounts repeat ballot counting (and are performed only) in special circumstances, such as when preliminary results show a close margin of victory. Post-election audits that detect errors can lead to a full recount.” In the US, recount laws vary by state, but typically require recounting 100% of the votes, while audits may use samples. Recounts incorporate elements of both results and process audits.
  • 658
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Telecentre
A telecentre is a public place where people can access computers, the Internet, and other digital technologies that enable them to gather information, create, learn, and communicate with others while they develop essential digital skills. Telecentres exist in almost every country, although they sometimes go by a different names including public internet access center (PIAP), village knowledge center, infocenter, Telecottage, Electronic Village Hall, community technology center (CTC), community multimedia center (CMC), multipurpose community telecentre (MCT), Common/Citizen Service Centre (CSC) and school-based telecentre. While each telecentre is different, their common focus is on the use of digital technologies to support community, economic, educational, and social development—reducing isolation, bridging the digital divide, promoting health issues, creating economic opportunities, and reaching out to youth for example.
  • 654
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Climate Change Reporting in Business Media
The agenda-setting and attitude-forming role of media has been proven and endorsed over time. Media has played an instrumental role in the way the issue of climate change is perceived by various stakeholders in society. Although studies on media coverage of climate issues have been gaining prominence in recent years, there is a gap when people consider the Global South. Moreover, although the business sector is a critical stakeholder in climate change policy and action, studies that focus on how business media projects and highlights climate change are relatively sparse. This vacuum is even more pronounced in developing countries. This research is an attempt to address this gap. A longitudinal analysis of climate change reporting in a leading Indian business newspaper, using automated content analysis was conducted. Results provide us with valuable insights about how climate frames and climate themes have evolved over time in business media.
  • 650
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Widow Conservation
Widow conservation was a practice in Protestant Europe in the early modern age, when the widow of a parish vicar (or sometimes her daughter) would marry her husband's successor to the vicarage to ensure her economic support. The practice was common in Scandinavia (Änkekonservering/Enkekonservering) and Protestant parts of Germany (Konservierung von Pfarrwitwen). It is related to other forms of widow inheritance, including the levirate marriage known in the Old Testament as yibbum. At the introduction of the Protestant Reformation, priests were allowed to marry. However, as they did not own the vicarage and property attached to their profession, their wife and children were left without a home and means of support after their death. The future support of the widows and children of vicars thereby became a concern for the various churches. The most common solution was for the successor of a vicar to be required to marry the widow (or perhaps her daughter) of his predecessor, thereby "conserving" her.
  • 633
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Lord Eliot Convention
The Lord Eliot Convention, or simply the Eliot Convention or Eliot Treaty (Spanish: Convenio Lord Eliot), was an April 1835 agreement brokered by Edward Eliot, 3rd Earl of St Germans between the two opposing sides of the First Carlist War. It had as its aim not to end the war itself but to end the indiscriminate executions by firing squad that had been committed by both sides. Edward Eliot had become Secretary of Legation at Madrid on 21 November 1821 and was styled Lord Eliot in 1826.
  • 629
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Blue–Green Alliance
A Blue–green alliance describes either an alliance or coalition between "blue" conservative parties and green parties, or "blue" labor organizations, such as labor unions, and environmental organizations such as green parties. "Blue-Green" can also refer to a right-tendency within green parties based around green conservatism.
  • 628
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Primary Care Behavioral Health
Primary Care Behavioral Health Consultation model (PCBH) is a psychological approach to population-based clinical health care that is simultaneously co-located, collaborative, and integrated within the primary care clinic. The goal of PCBH is to improve and promote overall health within the general population. This approach is important because approximately half of all patients in primary care present with psychiatric comorbidities, and 60% of psychiatric illness is treated in primary care. Primary Care practice has traditionally adopted a generalist approach whereby physicians are trained in the medical model and solutions to problems typically involve medications, procedures, and advice. Appointment times are short, with the goal of seeing a large number of patients in a day. Many patients present with mental health care needs whose symptomology may overlap with medical disorders and which may exacerbate, complicate, or masquerade as physical symptoms. In addition, many medical problems present with associated psychological sequelae (e.g. stress, emotional reactions, dysfunctional lifestyle behaviors), that are amenable to change, through behavioral intervention, that can improve outcomes for these health problems. Over 50% of medical visits to primary care clinics today are related to chronic medical conditions (e.g. chronic pain, diabetes, COPD, hypertension, obesity). As we learn more and more about the contributing factors to the development and maintenance of these medical problems, there is growing evidence that the PCBH model affords us the opportunity for early identification and behavioral/medical intervention that can prevent some acute problems from becoming chronic health care problems. Behavioral Health Consultants (BHCs) work side-by-side with all members of the clinical care team (including primary care providers (PCPs) and nursing staff) to enhance preventive and clinical care for mental health problems that have traditionally been treated solely by physicians. The role of the BHC is to facilitate systemic change within primary care that facilitates a multidisciplinary approach both from a treatment and reimbursement standpoint. BHCs typically collaborate with physicians to develop treatment plans, monitor patient progress, and flexibly provide care to meet patients’ changing needs In this review the terms Primary Care Behavioral Health Consultation and Behavioral Health Consultation will be used interchangeably.
  • 616
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Droit de Régale
Droit de régale (French: [dʁwa də ʁeɡal]) is a medieval legal term and originally denoted rights that belonged exclusively to the king, either as essential to his sovereignty (jura majora, jura essentialia), such as royal authority; or accidental (jura minora, jura accidentalia), such as the right of the chase, of fishing, mining, etc. By abuse, many sovereigns in the Middle Ages and in later times claimed the right to seize the revenues of vacant episcopal sees or imperial abbeys. Gradually, jus regaliae came to be applied almost exclusively to that assumed right.
  • 602
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
SESAMO
SESAMO is the acronym of Sexrelation Evaluation Schedule Assessment Monitoring, is an Italian psychometric and psychological standardised and validated questionnaire (see Tab. 1) to examine single and couple aspect life, sexuality, interpersonal and intimate relationship.
  • 600
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Major Deficiencies in the National Population Census Process
A national population and housing census is meant to collect comprehensive data on the demographics, individual characteristics, and living conditions within a country. These data are crucial for policymakers to make informed decisions regarding the economy, finance, healthcare, social benefits, import/export, education, and other sectors, ultimately driving a nation’s development. The United Nations stipulates the necessity of a decennial census, a procedure conducted every ten years to accumulate data about the inhabitants of a jurisdiction. Yet, shortcomings in the census system can substantially hinder a country’s strategic planning and overall interests.
  • 600
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Egalitarian Equivalence
Egalitarian equivalence (EE) is a criterion of fair division. In an egalitarian-equivalent division, there exists a certain "reference bundle" [math]\displaystyle{ Z }[/math] such that each agent feels that his/her share is equivalent to [math]\displaystyle{ Z }[/math]. The EE fairness principle is usually combined with Pareto efficiency. A PEEEA is an allocation that is both Pareto efficient and egalitarian-equivalent.
  • 588
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
esg2go
‘esg2go’ is a sustainability rating and reporting system that aims at reducing bias while improving coherence and practicality in corporate sustainability assessment. It does so through a rigorous rating methodology that enables the measurement and comparison of sustainability performance, taking into account firm size, industry category, and win–win potential for the firm, as well as for sustainability.
  • 582
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Cooperative Federalism (Economics)
Cooperative federalism is a school of thought in the field of cooperative economics. Historically, its proponents have included J.T.W. Mitchell, Charles Gide, Paul Lambert, and Beatrice Webb (who coined the term in her book The Co-operative Movement in Great Britain).
  • 575
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
No to Police State
"No to police state" campaign - Ukraine civil campaign against police brutality caused by the death of 20 years old student Igor Indylo in police precinct of Shevchenkivskyi District, Kyiv. This campaign demanded to conduct proper investigation of the death of Indylo, to punish men guilty in his death and other high-profile cases.
  • 547
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Ukrainian Center for EU Civil Service Standards
The Center for Adaptation of the Civil Service to the Standards of the European Union (since its foundation in April, 2004 till June, 2008 – Center for Support of Civil Service Institutional Development) was established under the National Agency of Ukraine on Civil Service (hereinafter – NAUCS) in order to provide informational and analytical, expert and organizational support to public administration development, strengthening of institutional capacity of the civil service of Ukraine and its adaptation to the standards of the European Union. Professional activity of the Center for Adaptation of the Civil Service to the Standards of the European Union (hereinafter – the Center) is carried out in accordance with the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine as of 4 June 2008 No 528 “Some Issues of the Center for Support of Civil Service Institutional Development”.
  • 541
  • 17 Oct 2022
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