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HandWiki. Election Audits. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36542 (accessed on 03 October 2026).
HandWiki. Election Audits. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36542. Accessed October 03, 2026.
HandWiki. "Election Audits" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36542 (accessed October 03, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 25). Election Audits. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/36542
HandWiki. "Election Audits." Encyclopedia. Web. 25 November, 2022.
Election Audits
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Election auditing refers to any review conducted after polls close for the purpose of determining whether the votes were counted accurately (a results audit) or whether proper procedures were followed (a process audit), or both. Both results and process audits can be performed between elections for purposes of quality management, but if results audits are to be used to protect the official election results from undetected fraud and error, they must be completed before election results are declared final. Recounts may be considered to be a specific type of audit, but not all audits are recounts. The Verified Voting Foundation explains the difference between audits and recounts: Post-election audits are performed to “routinely check voting system performance…not to challenge to the results, regardless of how close margins of victory appear to be", while "recounts repeat ballot counting (and are performed only) in special circumstances, such as when preliminary results show a close margin of victory. Post-election audits that detect errors can lead to a full recount.” In the US, recount laws vary by state, but typically require recounting 100% of the votes, while audits may use samples. Recounts incorporate elements of both results and process audits.

recount recounting recounts

References

  1. Some Machines are Flipping Votes, but That Doesn’t Mean They Are Rigged, Pam Fessler, National Public Radio, October 26, 2016. Accessed May 12, 2017 https://www.npr.org/2016/10/26/499450796/some-machines-are-flipping-votes-but-that-doesnt-mean-theyre-rigged
  2. The Machinery of Democracy: Protecting Democracy in an Age of Electronic Voting, Brennan Center Task Force for Voting System Security, 2006. https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/publications/Machinery%20of%20Democracy.pdf
  3. Brave New Ballot: The Battle to Safeguard Democracy in the Age of Electronic Voting, Aviel David Rubin, Broadway, 2006
  4. Broken Ballots: Will Your Vote Count? Douglas W. Jones and Barbara Simon, CSLI Publications, 2012
  5. Voting Equipment Certification Process, US Election Assistance Commission. https://www.eac.gov/voting-equipment/system-certification-process/
  6. Pre-election and Parallel Testing, U.S. Election Assistance Commission. https://www.eac.gov/assets/1/6/Chapter_6__Pre-Election_and_Parallel_Testing.pdf
  7. Elections Performance Index Methodology, Pew Charitable Trusts, August 2016. Accessed May 12, 2017. http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2016/08/epi_methodology.pdf
  8. Confidence in the Electoral System: Why We Do Auditing, Michael W. Trautgott and Frederick G. Conrad, in Confirming Elections: Creating Confidence and Integrity Through Election Auditing, R. Michael Alvarex, Lonna Rae Atkeson, and Thad E. Hall, eds., Palgrave MacMillan, 2012.
  9. The Front Lines of Democracy: Who Staffs our Polling Places and Does it Matter? Bonnie E. Glaser, Karin MacDonald, Iris Hui, and Bruce E. Cain; Election Administration Research Center, University of California at Berkeley. October 2007 http://web.mit.edu/supportthevoter/www/files/2013/08/Front-Lines-of-Democracy-Who-Staffs-Polling-Places-and-Does-it-Matter-Glaser_Mac-Donald-2007.pdf
  10. Broken Ballots: Will Your Vote Count? Douglas W. Jones and Barbara Simon, CSLI Publications, 2012
  11. As of early 2018, Colorado is the only state that has made valid, outcome-confirming election audits routine following all elections. https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/VotingSystems/riskAuditGroup.html
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  15. US Census Bureau. "State Population Totals: 2010-2017" (in en-US). https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/demo/popest/state-total.html. 
  16. Steinberg, Sean (2017-10-30). "New California Law Strikes Blow to Election Audits - WhoWhatWhy" (in en-US). WhoWhatWhy. https://whowhatwhy.org/2017/10/30/new-california-law-strikes-blow-election-audits/. 
  17. "Los Angeles Post Election Manual Tally Audit Summary Information". 2010-08-20. http://votingsystems.cdn.sos.ca.gov/oversight/mcr/2010-06-08/los-angeles.pdf. 
  18. Lamone, Linda (2016-12-22). "Joint Chairman's Report on the 2016 Post-Election Tabulation Audit.". https://www.elections.maryland.gov/press_room/documents/PostElectionTabulationAuditLegislativeReport.pdf. 
  19. Casias, Danny (2017-11-08). "Audited contests in each county for 2017 RLA (XLSX)". http://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/RLA/files/2017/SelectedContestsForThe2017RLA.XLSX. 
  20. "Round #1 State Report". 2017-11-20. https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/RLA/files/2017/round_1/state_report.xlsx. 
  21. "Secretary of State Jim Condos to Conduct Election Audit" (in en). 2016-11-22. http://www.vermont.gov/portal/government/article.php?news=6196. 
  22. Stark, Philip (2012-03-16). "Gentle Introduction to Risk-limiting Audits". IEEE Security and Privacy. https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~stark/Preprints/gentle12.pdf. 
  23. Lindeman, Mark (executive editor), Jennie Bretschneider, Sean Flaherty, Susannah Goodman, Mark Halvorson, Roger Johnston, Ronald L. Rivest, Pam Smith, Philip B. Stark (2012-10-01). "Risk-Limiting Post-Election Audits: Why and How". pp. 3, 16. https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~stark/Preprints/RLAwhitepaper12.pdf. 
  24. Lovato, Jerome, Danny Casias, and Jessi Romero. "Colorado Risk-Limiting Audit:Conception to Application". http://bowencenterforpublicaffairs.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Risk-Limiting-Audit-Presentation.pdf. 
  25. Lindeman, Mark, Ronald L. Rivest, Philip B. Stark and Neal McBurnett (2018-01-03). "Comments re statistics of auditing the 2018 Colorado elections". https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/VotingSystems/riskAuditFiles/NotesOnStatistics-2018ColoradoPrimariesElectionAudit.pdf. 
  26. Statement on Risk-limiting Auditing, American Statistical Association, April 2010. Accessed May 12, 2017 http://www.amstat.org/asa/files/pdfs/POL-Risk-Limiting_Endorsement.pdf
  27. Post-Election Risk-Limiting Audit Pilot Program 2011-2013, Final Report to the United States Election Assistance Commission, California Secretary of State 2013. Accessed May 12, 2017 https://www.eac.gov/assets/1/28/AUDIT%20PILOT%20FINAL%20REPORT%20TO%20EAC%20FINAL.pdf
  28. The American Voting Experience: Report and Recommendations of the Presidential Commission on Election Administration, January 2014 http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1008230-amer-voting-exper-final-1.html
  29. Stark, Philip B. (2010). "Super-Simple Simultaneous Single-Ballot Risk-Limiting Audits". Proceedings of the 2010 Electronic Voting Technology Workshop / Workshop on Trustworthy Elections. https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/evt/tech/full_papers/Stark.pdf.. 
  30. "Voting System, US Election Assistance Commission" (in en). https://www.eac.gov/voting-equipment/clearvote-14/. 
  31. "California Supplement to the Statement of Vote, Statewide Summary by County for President". http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2016-general/ssov/pres-summary-by-county.pdf. 
  32. "California Code, Elections Code - ELEC § 15154" (in en-US). https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/elections-code/elec-sect-15154.html. 
  33. Zetter, Kim (2008-12-08). "Unique Transparency Program Uncovers Problems with Voting Software" (in en-US). WIRED. https://www.wired.com/2008/12/unique-transpar/. 
  34. "The Elections Transparency Project" (in en-US). https://electionstransparencyproject.org/. 
  35. Trachtenberg, Mitch. "Humboldt County Election Transparency Project". https://sfgov.org/electionscommission/ftp/meetingarchive/www.sfgov2.org/Modules/Humboldt%20Cty%20September%2015-documentid=162.pdf. 
  36. Trachtenberg, Mitch (2013-07-29). "The Humboldt County Election Transparency Project and TEVS". http://dickatlee.com/issues/elections/evote/pdfs/EAC_Grant_TEVS_Docs_1.pdf. 
  37. "Actions: The Brakey Method" (in en-US). http://blackboxvoting.org/the-brakey-method/. 
  38. Stauffer, Jacob (2016-11-04). "Vulnerability & Security Assessment Report Election Systems &Software’s Unity 3.4.1.0". https://www.verifiedvoting.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/ESS-red-team-CA-2016.pdf. 
  39. Benaloh et al, Public Evidence from Secret Ballots (2017). Electronic voting : second International Joint Conference, E-Vote-ID 2017, Bregenz, Austria, October 24-27, 2017, proceedings. Cham, Switzerland. pp. 122. ISBN 9783319686875. OCLC 1006721597. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robert_Krimmer/publication/320618317_TUT_Press_Proceedings_of_the_Second_International_Conference_on_Electronic_Voting_E-Vote-ID/links/59f10905458515bfd07fb73b/TUT-Press-Proceedings-of-the-Second-International-Conference-on-Electronic-Voting-E-Vote-ID.pdf#page=132. 
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  41. "Chapter 3. PHYSICAL SECURITY". https://www.eac.gov/assets/1/6/260.pdf. 
  42. Coherent Cyber, Freeman, Craft McGregor Group (2017-08-28). Security Test Report ES&S Electionware 5.2.1.0. pp. 9. http://votingsystems.cdn.sos.ca.gov/vendors/ess/evs5210/ess5210-sec.pdf. 
  43. Seivold, Garett (2018-04-02). "Physical Security Threats and Vulnerabilities - LPM" (in en-US). http://losspreventionmedia.com/insider/retail-security/physical-security-threats-and-vulnerabilities/. 
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