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Topic Review
Architecture of Computing System
Computing systems are widely used in medical diagnosis, climate prediction, self-driving cars, and more. This entry mainly introduces the Chiplet-based computing system architecture design technology, which can solve the conflict between performance, efficiency and cost in computing system design, and provide instructions for the design of a high-performance computing system.
  • 1.5K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Current Source Inverter Power Converters in Photovoltaic Systems
Grid converters play a central role in renewable energy conversion. Current source inverter (CSI) can play a pivotal role in ensuring the seamless conversion of solar-generated energy with the electricity grid, thereby facilitating stable and reliable integration of solar photovoltaic systems.
  • 1.5K
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Neural Networks in Water Supply Systems Development
A water supply system is considered an essential service to the population as it is about providing an essential good for life. This system typically consists of several sensors, transducers, pumps, etc., and some of these elements have high costs and/or complex installation. The indirect measurement of a quantity can be used to obtain a desired variable, dispensing with the use of a specific sensor in the plant. Among the contributions of this technique is the design of the pressure controller using the adaptive control, as well as the use of an artificial neural network for the construction of nonlinear models using inherent system parameters such as pressure, engine rotation frequency and control valve angle, with the purpose of estimating the flow. 
  • 1.5K
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Profiling the Cycling-Induced Oxide Trapped Charge
NAND Flash memories have gained tremendous attention owing to the increasing demand for storage capacity. This implies that NAND cells need to scale continuously to maintain the pace of technological evolution. Even though NAND Flash memory technology has evolved from a traditional 2D concept toward a 3D structure, the traditional reliability problems related to the tunnel oxide continue to persist.
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Refrigeration Systems and Energy Efficiency
Cooling towers constitute a fundamental part of refrigeration systems in power plants and large commercial buildings. Their main function is to treat the heat emitted by other equipment to cool down the temperature of the environment and/or processes. In the considered refrigeration system, cooling towers are coupled with compression chillers.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
DO-160
DO-160, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment is a standard for the environmental testing of avionics hardware. It is published by the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) and supersedes DO-138.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Magnetic Characterization of Planar Magnetics
High-power density and high-efficiency power converters have become popular in a wide range of industrial applications including telecommunications, automotive, aerospace, and data processing. When it comes to achieving high power density, it is inevitable that switch-mode power converters will need to be utilized. High-frequency power-conversion applications are increasingly using planar magnetic devices to replace traditional transformers and inductors.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Polymer Nanocomposites
PE and PVC Polymer nanocomposites used in underground cables have been of great interest to researchers over the past 10 years.
  • 1.4K
  • 31 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Intelligent Dispatcher Training Simulator
The concept of dispatcher training simulator (DTS) was first proposed by Latimer in 1977, and the first DTS device was developed in the same year. After a large discussion on DTS organized by Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in 1978, DTS was rapidly promoted in the power industry. In the 1990s, dynamic simulation and object-oriented techniques were introduced into DTS. Traditional DTS has been unable to meet the needs of the continuously developing smart grid. As artificial intelligence (AI) advances, more intelligent techniques are introduced into DTS, and the intelligent dispatcher training simulator (IDTS) is taking the historical stage. Nico Brose designed the first visualized IDTS in Germany, using software PRINS, which is coupled via a tele-control server with the Root-Mean-Square (RMS) real-time simulation core (with the software PowerFactory) for dynamic grid simulations.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Energy Consumption Problems in Autonomous Systems
Autonomous systems are a rapidly developing research field that may revolutionize many industries and applications in transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, and agriculture. They offer the potential to boost effectiveness, to lower expenses, and to enhance safety. Autonomous systems incorporate sensors, software, and artificial intelligence algorithms to perceive their environment, make decisions, and take actions. However, one of the main challenges autonomous systems face is energy consumption. These systems require significant energy to power their sensors, processors, and other components. This is especially true for autonomous systems designed for mobility autonomous systems, such as autonomous vehicles (AVs) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
  • 1.4K
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Liquid Crystal Waveguide Structures
Liquid crystal materials can be used to make either a core, in which light beams can be confined, or a cladding of optical waveguides.
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Evolution of Access Network Sharing
Network sharing is part of a fundamental principle of statistical multiplexing of link capacity. Regardless of whether the nodes are setting up connections that reserve capacity in the Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), or sending packets in a connection-less packet-switched network, the overall link capacity is only a fraction of the total interconnection capacity required if all nodes attempted communicating at once. Network sharing also applies to the progressive aggregation of link capacity where the ratio of multiplexing increases in moving from the access towards the core. From the mid-90s’, the concept of sharing was extended to also cover the multi-tenant use of the network, where third party network operators compete with the incumbent national operator, so that the same common infrastructure is shared across multiple competing entities. The degree to which infrastructure is shared is limited, on the one hand by physical and logical boundaries that separate resources, and on the other hand by economic complexities such as settlements, agreements and regulations that complicate the sharing process.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Capacity Sizing of Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System
A battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system is investigated as a solution to reduce the high-power delivery stress on the battery. An optimally-sized system can further enhance the storage and cost efficiency.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Electromechanics
In engineering, electromechanics combines processes and procedures drawn from electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. Electromechanics focuses on the interaction of electrical and mechanical systems as a whole and how the two systems interact with each other. This process is especially prominent in systems such as those of DC or AC rotating electrical machines which can be designed and operated to generate power from a mechanical process (generator) or used to power a mechanical effect (motor). Electrical engineering in this context also encompasses electronics engineering. Electromechanical devices are ones which have both electrical and mechanical processes. Strictly speaking, a manually operated switch is an electromechanical component due to the mechanical movement causing an electrical output. Though this is true, the term is usually understood to refer to devices which involve an electrical signal to create mechanical movement, or vice versa mechanical movement to create an electric signal. Often involving electromagnetic principles such as in relays, which allow a voltage or current to control another, usually isolated circuit voltage or current by mechanically switching sets of contacts, and solenoids, by which a voltage can actuate a moving linkage as in solenoid valves. Before the development of modern electronics, electromechanical devices were widely used in complicated subsystems of parts, including electric typewriters, teleprinters, clocks, initial television systems, and the very early electromechanical digital computers. Solid-state electronics have replaced electromechanics in many applications.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
System Strength Challenges in Australia’s National Electricity Market
The national electricity market (NEM) of Australia is reforming via the rapid uptake of variable renewable energy (VRE) integration concurrent with the retirement of conventional synchronous generation. System strength has emerged as a prominent challenge and constraint to power system stability and ongoing grid connection of VRE such as solar and wind.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Utilization of Additive Manufacturing
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a key technology for advancing many fields, including electrical machines. It offers unparalleled design freedom together with low material waste and fast prototyping, which is why it has become to focus of many researchers. AM, known in the consumer space as 3D printing, is a technology with the ability to manufacture practically any object for which a 3D model can be created, without the complexity and specific geometry of the part significantly impacting the manufacturing costs. 
  • 1.4K
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Distribution System State Estimation Algorithms
The modern energy requirements and the orientation towards Renewable Energy Sources (RES) integration promote the transition of distribution grids from passive, unidirectional, fossil fuel-based into active, bidirectional, environmental-friendly architectures. For this purpose, advanced control algorithms and optimization processes are implemented, the performance of which relies on the Distribution System State Estimation (DSSE). DSSE algorithms provide the Distribution System Operator (DSO) with detailed information regarding the network’s state in order to derive the optimal decisions. However, this task is quite complex as the distribution system has inherent unbalance issues, often faces lack of adequate measurements, etc.
  • 1.4K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Soft Computing Techniques in the Power System Regulation
Due to its great advantages, revolutionary soft-computing-based control system design has attracted a lot of attention from researchers. The distinguished advantages of using soft computing techniques include their less solution costs, assurance of a solution and their viability. They can deal with difficult, nonlinear, and uncertain technical problems. In contrast to other methods, numerous researches have supported the viability of controller constructed on soft computing technique. 
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Information Society, Electronics and AI
This entry presents relations between information society (IS), electronics and artificial intelligence (AI) mainly through twenty-four IS laws. The laws not only make up a novel collection, currently non-existing in the literature, but they also highlight the core boosting mechanism for the progress of what is called the information society and AI. The laws mainly describe the exponential growth in a particular field, be it the processing, storage or transmission capabilities of electronic devices. Other rules describe the relations to production prices and human interaction. Overall, the IS laws illustrate the most recent and most vibrant part of human history based on the unprecedented growth of device capabilities spurred by human innovation and ingenuity. Although there are signs of stalling, at the same time there are still many ways to prolong the fascinating progress of electronics that stimulates the field of artificial intelligence. There are constant leaps in new areas, such as the perception of real-world signals, where AI is already occasionally exceeding human capabilities and will do so even more in the future. In some areas where AI is presumed to be incapable of performing even at a modest level, such as the production of art or programming software, AI is making progress that can sometimes reflect true human skills. Maybe it is time for AI to boost the progress of electronics in return.
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Performance and Modelling of AC Transmission
Performance modelling is the abstraction of a real system into a simplified representation to enable the prediction of performance. The creation of a model can provide insight into how a proposed or actual system will or does work. This can, however, point towards different things to people belonging to different fields of work. Performance modelling has many benefits, which includes: A model will often be created specifically so that it can be interpreted by a software tool that simulates the system's behaviour, based on the information contained in the performance model. Such tools provide further insight into the system's behaviour and can be used to identify bottlenecks or hot spots where the design is inadequate. Solutions to the problems identified might involve the provision of more physical resources or change in the structure of the design. Performance modelling is found helpful, in case of: Modelling of a transmission line is done to analyse its performance and characteristics. The gathered information vis simulating the model can be used to reduce losses or to compensate these losses. Moreover, it gives more insight into the working of transmission lines and helps to find a way to improve the overall transmission efficiency with minimum cost.
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Nov 2022
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