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Topic Review
The Hazards of Skin Glycation and Related Inhibitors
Skin saccharification, a non-enzymatic reaction between proteins, e.g., dermal collagen and naturally occurring reducing sugars, is one of the basic root causes of endogenous skin aging. During the reaction, a series of complicated glycation products produced at different reaction stages and pathways are usually collectively referred to as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs cause cellular dysfunction through the modification of intracellular molecules and accumulate in tissues with aging. AGEs are also associated with a variety of age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal failure (uremia), and Alzheimer’s disease. AGEs accumulate in the skin with age and are amplified through exogenous factors, e.g., ultraviolet radiation, resulting in wrinkles, loss of elasticity, dull yellowing, and other skin problems. 
  • 3.3K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
OES for Atmospheric Plasma Jets
A suitable technique for localized surface treatment of solid materials is an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). The properties of the APPJ plasma often depend on small details like the concentration of gaseous impurities what influences the surface kinetics. The simplest and often most useful configuration of the APPJ is presented, characterized by optical emission spectroscopy (OES), and results are discussed in view of various papers. 
  • 3.3K
  • 31 Mar 2021
Topic Review
The Fourth Industrial Revolution
According to Schwab, the word, “revolution”, refers to a radical change, and revolutions occur in the world when new technologies and novel ways of perceiving the world come about, with changes in the economic systems and the social structures of the world. As was noted before, the 4IR is defined as: “Revolution that is blurring the lines between the physical, the digital, and the biological worlds. Massive advances in artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, 3D printing, quantum computing, genetic engineering, and various other technologies”. One of the easiest ways of understanding the 4IR is to start gathering knowledge about the First Industrial Revolution, the Second Industrial Revolution, and then the Third Industrial Revolution.
  • 3.3K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Common Agricultural Policy
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the agricultural policy of the European Union. It implements a system of agricultural subsidies and other programmes. It was introduced in 1962 and has undergone several changes since then to reduce the cost (from 71% of the EU budget in 1984 to 39% in 2013) and to also consider rural development in its aims. It has been criticised on the grounds of its cost, and its environmental and humanitarian impacts.
  • 3.3K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Polytetrafluoroethylene-Based Solvent-Free Procedure for Lithium-Ion Batteries Manufacturing
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become popular for energy storage due to their high energy density, storage capacity, and long-term cycle life. Although binders make up only a small proportion of LIBs, they have become the key to promoting the transformation of the battery preparation process. Along with the development of binders, the battery manufacturing process has evolved from the conventional slurry-casting (SC) process to a more attractive solvent-free (SF) method. Compared with traditional LIBs manufacturing method, the SF method could dramatically reduce and increase the energy density due to the reduced preparation steps and enhanced electrode loading. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), as a typical binder, has played an important role in fabricating high-performance LIBs, particularly in regards to the SF technique. 
  • 3.3K
  • 15 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Grid-Forming Control Approaches
Changes are being implemented in the electrical power grid to accommodate the increased penetration of renewable energy sources interfaced with grid-connected inverters. The grid-forming (GFM) control paradigm of inverters in active power grids has emerged as a technique through which to tackle the effects of the diminishing dominance of synchronous generators (SGs) and is preferred to the grid-following (GFL) control for providing system control and stability in converter-dominated grids. 
  • 3.3K
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Thioxanthenes
Thioxanthenes are one of the three major groups of antipsychotics (the others being phenothiazines and butyrophenones).  Thioxanthene is a chemical compound having a central triple ring structure closely related to one of the other group of antipsychotics (phenothiazines, which also has the triple ring). The major structural difference between the two classes is that the carbon in position 10 in thioxanthenes is replaced by a nitrogen atom in phenothiazines. In thioxanthenes, this C10  shares a double bond with the side chain. Thioxanthenes are represented in two geometric stereoisomers: Z- and E-compounds.
  • 3.3K
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Fibre Reinforced Polymer Waste Prevention and Reuse
With strict legislation on landfill and other environmental limits, recycling, reusing, and repurposing FRP composites will be at the forefront of sustainable waste management strategies in the future. This research presents a review of FRP waste disposal methods, with a focus on waste minimisation and reuse. The methods include waste minimisation, reuse/repurpose, recycling, incineration and landfill. The main recycling routes consist of mechanical, thermal and chemical recycling. Discarding FRP waste in a sustainable manner presents a major challenge in a circular economy. Waste prevention or reuse of FPR composite waste is the way forward to tackle this challenge.
  • 3.3K
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Irish Folklore
Irish folklore (Irish: béaloideas) refers to the folktales, balladry, music, dance, and so forth, ultimately, all of folk culture. Irish folklore, when mentioned to many people, conjures up images of banshees, fairy stories, leprechauns and people gathering around, sharing stories. Many tales and legends were passed from generations to generations, so were the dances and song in the observing of important occasions such as weddings, wakes, birthday and holidays or, or handcraft traditions. All of the above can be considered as a part of folklore, as it is the study and appreciation of how people lived.
  • 3.3K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Challenges in Sewer System Maintenance
A sewer system is an important infrastructure of every settlement. A sewer system is a set of construction facilities used for the quick removal of wastewater from the humans’ immediate environment and its transport to a wastewater treatment plant or direct discharge into an appropriate recipient. In order for the sewer system to perform its purpose properly, its proper maintenance is required. Maintenance of a sewer system is very demanding since the system is mostly underground which makes it difficult to be accessed and maintained. The maintenance of a sewer system can be preventive (regular) or corrective (reactive). The regular maintenance occurs at certain intervals, whereas the reactive maintenance occurs in the case of some unforeseen event. This paper presents the history of sewer systems, as well as basic and alternative types of sewer systems. Furthermore, challenges that arise during sewer system maintenance and difficulties that maintenance employees face in their work are presented in this paper, as well as the ways in which sewer systems are maintained.
  • 3.3K
  • 20 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Fact Checking
Fact checking is the act of checking factual assertions in non-fictional text in order to determine the veracity and correctness of the factual statements in the text. This may be done either before (ante hoc) or after (post hoc) the text has been published or otherwise disseminated. Ante hoc fact-checking (fact checking before dissemination) aims to remove errors and allow text to proceed to dissemination (or to rejection if it fails confirmations or other criteria). Post hoc fact-checking is most often followed by a written report of inaccuracies, sometimes with a visual metric from the checking organization (e.g., Pinocchios from The Washington Post Fact Checker, or TRUTH-O-METER ratings from PolitiFact). Several organizations are devoted to post hoc fact-checking, such as FactCheck.org and PolitiFact. Research on the impact of fact-checking is relatively recent but the existing research suggests that fact-checking does indeed correct misperceptions among citizens, as well as discourage politicians from spreading misinformation.
  • 3.3K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Azeotropes for Waste Recovery
Aiming for more sustainable chemical production requires an urgent shift towards synthetic approaches designed for waste minimization. In this context the use of azeotropes can be an effective tool for “recycling” and minimizing the large volumes of solvents, especially in aqueous mixtures, used. This review discusses the implementation of different kinds of azeotropic mixtures in relation to the environmental and economic benefits linked to their recovery and re-use. Examples of the use of azeotropes playing a role in the process performance and in the purification steps maximizing yields while minimizing waste. 
  • 3.3K
  • 11 Aug 2021
Topic Review
E-flux
E-flux is a publishing platform and archive, artist project, curatorial platform, and enterprise founded in 1998. The news digest, events, exhibitions, schools, journal, books, and art projects produced and/or disseminated by e-flux describe strains of critical discourse surrounding contemporary art, culture, and theory internationally. Its monthly publication, e-flux journal, has produced essays commissioned since 2008 about cultural, political, and structural paradigms that inform contemporary artistic production.
  • 3.3K
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Single-Component Cationic Photoinitiators
With the advantages offered by cationic photopolymerization (CP) such as broad wavelength activation, tolerance to oxygen, low shrinkage and the possibility of “dark cure”, it has attracted extensive attention in photoresist, deep curing and other fields in recent years. The applied photoinitiating systems (PIS) play a crucial role as they can affect the speed and type of the polymerization and properties of the materials formed. Much effort has been invested into developing cationic photoinitiating systems (CPISs) that can be activated at long wavelengths and overcome technical problems and challenges faced. 
  • 3.3K
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Virgo
Virgo is one of the 12 constellations of the zodiac, located between Leo to the west and Libra to the east. Covering a vast area of the sky, Virgo is the second-largest constellation after Hydra. Represented as a maiden holding a sheaf of wheat, Virgo is often associated with fertility and agriculture in ancient mythology. This constellation is notable for hosting the bright star Spica, which serves as a celestial marker for navigation and observation.
  • 3.3K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Društvo Sa Ograničenom Odgovornošću
Društvo sa ograničenom odgovornošću (Serbian Cyrillic: друштво са ограниченом одговорношћу; abbr. d.o.o., Serbian Cyrillic: д.о.о.) is a kind of legal corporate entity in and Serbia which literally means (but is not entirely equal to) "limited liability society". It is often confused with the American term limited liability company, with which it shares some characteristics, but it is more similar to a limited partnership.
  • 3.3K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Dentistry
Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) have been found to be beneficial tools for clinical practice and for enhancing the learning experiences of students during their pre-clinical education and training sessions. Clinicians can use VR technology to show their patients the expected outcomes before the undergo dental procedures. Additionally, AR and VR can be implemented to overcome dental phobia, which is commonly experienced by pediatric patients. Future studies should focus on forming technological standards with high-quality data and developing scientifically-proven AR/VR gadgets for dental practice. 
  • 3.3K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Nutritional Composition of Flaxseeds
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) has gained worldwide recognition as a health food because of its abundance in diverse nutrients and bioactive compounds such as oil, fatty acids, proteins, peptides, fiber, lignans, carbohydrates, mucilage, and micronutrients. These constituents attribute a multitude of beneficial properties to flaxseed that makes its use possible in various applications, such as nutraceuticals, food products, cosmetics, and biomaterials.
  • 3.3K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Red Fox
The Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a highly adaptable mammal belonging to the Canidae family, widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere. Renowned for its stunning reddish-orange fur and bushy tail, the Red Fox is a proficient predator, preying on small mammals, birds, and even insects. Its remarkable ability to thrive in various habitats, from forests to urban areas, has cemented its status as one of the most successful carnivores worldwide.
  • 3.3K
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Clay-Based Polymer Nanocomposites
Clay-based polymer nanocomposites are often referred to as polymer layered silicates, nanostructured polymers, or simply polymer nanocomposites. These polymers are reinforced with inorganic particles containing at least one dimension in the nanometric scale (<100 nm). Compared to traditional composites (macro- or microscale), polymer nanocomposites offer the opportunity to explore new behaviors and functionalities beyond conventional polymers. Nanoparticles often strongly influence the mechanical properties of polymers in very low volume fractions due to the relatively short distance between nanoparticles, molecular compatibility, and interfacial interaction between the particles and the polymer chains.
  • 3.3K
  • 09 Oct 2021
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