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Topic Review
Employee Creativity
Employee creativity means individuals could work innovatively and proactively in order to create exceptional results. Individuals who can creatively solve problems and work proactively are required by every sector. From an organizational perspective, to cope with an uncertain environment and achieve sustainable growth, employees are expected not only to perform their formal roles, but also to engage themselves in different informal roles, like their creative performance. The current surge in the organizational literature is evident of the fact that the importance of creative employees is being recognized by various contemporary scholars.
  • 3.4K
  • 13 Sep 2021
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
COVID-19 and Dentistry
Dentistry is a healthcare profession requiring close contacts between the dental practitioner and the patient. In particular, many dental procedures generate aerosols and droplets which are proved to be the major transmission route for COVID-19.
  • 3.4K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Types of Faults on Switchgear
Switchgear is generally known as a switching device. It is used for circuit isolation and the protection of power systems from overload and system faults. The definition of switchgear also includes devices that are utilized to regulate, meter, and control power systems. The term refers to switching and interrupting devices, as well as their combinations with control, instrumentation, metering, protective, and regulating devices, as well as the components of devices involved in dealing with interconnections, items, and supporting structures, which are used primarily in the generation, transmitting distribution, and conversion of electrical power.
  • 3.4K
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Cynicism
Cynicism (Ancient Greek:) is a school of thought of ancient Greek philosophy as practiced by the Cynics (Ancient Greek:; Latin: Cynici). For the Cynics, the purpose of life is to live in virtue, in agreement with nature. As reasoning creatures, people can gain happiness by rigorous training and by living in a way which is natural for themselves, rejecting all conventional desires for wealth, power, and fame, and even flouting conventions openly and derisively in public. Instead, they were to lead a simple life free from all possessions. The first philosopher to outline these themes was Antisthenes, who had been a pupil of Socrates in the late 400 BC. He was followed by Diogenes, who lived in a ceramic jar on the streets of Athens. Diogenes took Cynicism to its logical extremes, and came to be seen as the archetypal Cynic philosopher. He was followed by Crates of Thebes, who gave away a large fortune so he could live a life of Cynic poverty in Athens. Cynicism gradually declined in importance after the 3rd century BC, but it experienced a revival with the rise of the Roman Empire in the 1st century. Cynics could be found begging and preaching throughout the cities of the empire, and similar ascetic and rhetorical ideas appeared in early Christianity. By the 19th century, emphasis on the negative aspects of Cynic philosophy led to the modern understanding of cynicism to mean a disposition of disbelief in the sincerity or goodness of human motives and actions.
  • 3.4K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticle as Biomolecules
Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) comprise various bioactive biomolecules. As an alternative cell-free therapeutic approach, they have the potential to deliver nano-bioactive compounds to the human body, and thus lead to various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor benefits.
  • 3.4K
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Structure-Based Virtual Screening
Molecular docking plays a significant role in early-stage drug discovery, from structure-based virtual screening (VS) to hit-to-lead optimization. VS is a computational approach used to identify chemical structures that are predicted to have particular properties. In drug discovery, it involves computationally searching large libraries of chemical structures to identify those structures that are most likely to bind to a target protein.
  • 3.4K
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Phospholipase A1
Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) is an enzyme that cleaves an ester bond at the sn-1 position of glycerophospholipids, producing a free fatty acid and a lysophospholipid.
  • 3.4K
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Native Plants from Mexico Used in Herbal Products
Historically, herbal products were the first resource used by man for the improvement of his health. It is the knowledge of these products that perpetuated medicinal practices prevail today as well. Mexico ranks fifth among megadiverse countries as it is home to nearly 23,424 vascular plants, which represent 5000 endemic plant species; of these, a total of 4500 medicinal plants have been estimated, while only 3000 are registered in the herbarium of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). However, a pharmacological analysis of only 5% has been reported. The country boasts a wide range of medicine made from plants that are representative of traditional Mexican herbal products. There has been a steady rise in the use and commercialization of herbal products, demonstrative of the increase in world demand in this industry. Further, 90% of the population in Mexico has opted for these products at least once in their lives, as indicated by the Secretaría de Salud (SS) and Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios (COFEPRIS).
  • 3.4K
  • 20 May 2022
Topic Review
Trimethylglycine (betaine)
Trimethylglycine (i.e. glycine betaine or betaine)  
  • 3.4K
  • 10 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Chemical File Format
A chemical file format is a type of data file which is used specifically to depicting molecular data. One of the most widely used is the chemical table file format, which is similar to Structure Data Format (SDF) files. They are text files that represent multiple chemical structure records and associated data fields. The XYZ file format is a simple format that usually gives the number of atoms in the first line, a comment on the second, followed by a number of lines with atomic symbols (or atomic numbers) and cartesian coordinates. The Protein Data Bank Format is commonly used for proteins but is also used for other types of molecules. There are many other types which are detailed below. Various software systems are available to convert from one format to another.
  • 3.4K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Home Theater PC
A home theater PC (HTPC) or media center computer is a convergent device that combines some or all the capabilities of a personal computer with a software application that supports video, photo, audio playback, and sometimes video recording functionality. In recent years, other types of consumer electronics, including game consoles and dedicated media devices, have crossed over to manage video and music content. The term "media center" also refers to specialized application software designed to run on standard personal computers. HTPC and other convergent devices integrate components of a home theater into a unit co-located with a home entertainment system. An HTPC system typically has a remote control and the software interface normally has a 10-foot (3 m) user interface design so that it can be comfortably viewed at typical television viewing distances. An HTPC can be purchased pre-configured with the required hardware and software needed to add video programming or music to the PC. Enthusiasts can also piece together a system out of discrete components as part of a software-based HTPC. Since 2007, digital media player and smart TV software has been incorporated into consumer electronics through software or hardware changes including video game consoles, Blu-ray players, networked media players, televisions, and set-top boxes. The increased availability of specialized devices, coupled with paid and free digital online content, now offers an alternative to multipurpose (and more costly) personal computers.
  • 3.4K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Coxsackievirus B3
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a non-enveloped single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Enterovirus of the picornavirus family.
  • 3.4K
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Microalgae-Based Biorefineries: Challenges and Future Trends
Microalgae-based biorefineries allow the simultaneous production of microalgae biomass enriched in a particular macromolecule and high-added and low-value products if a proper selection of the microalgae species and the cultivation conditions are adequate for the purpose. 
  • 3.4K
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Light, Water, and Melatonin Relationship with Hydrogen Bonds
The synergistic relationship between melatonin, water, and light may have originated billions of years ago when primitive unicellular organisms depended on this effective and precise synergy to modulate phase separation to control protein aggregation and associated biological effects. The efficacy of this synergy also provides a credible explanation for the immensely successful and rapid distribution of melatonin via horizontal gene transfer. The discovery of the serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) gene responsible for the synthesis of essential melatonin substrate N-acetylserotonin (NAS) in archaea firmly establishes the quintessential role played by melatonin in early primitive organisms that use phase separation as the fundamental driver for relevant biochemical and biophysical processes to support metabolism, replication, and survival.
  • 3.4K
  • 27 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) Destruction Technologies
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a family of highly toxic emerging contaminants that have caught the attention of both the public and private sectors due to their adverse health impacts on society. The widely adopted separation technologies can remove PFASs from being in contact with humans; however, they remain in the environment and continue to pose health risks. On the other hand, the destructive technologies can effectively destroy PFAS compounds and fully address society’s urgent need to remediate this harmful family of chemical compounds. 
  • 3.4K
  • 06 Jan 2023
Topic Review
NATURAL CLINOPTILOLITE CHARACTERIZATION BY SEM
Clinoptilolite is the most common natural zeolite type. Owing to the very convenient Si/Al ratio, which characterizes this type of zeolite, it can be used for the fabrication of impedimetric water sensors, useful for example for breath rate mesurament and development of low-cost spirometers. The clinoptilolite adsorption properties are related to the large surface development due to the mesoporous structure. The clinoptilolite mesoporosity is a consequence of the unique lamellar texture of this mineral. The clinoptilolite lamellar texture cannot be observed by microscopical techniques like optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) without adequate sample preparation. Here, a very simple approach to delaminate the clinoptilolite mineral, based on the application of an impulsed compressive stress (hammer), has been used to separate the clinoptilolite single crystals and scanning electron microscopy has been used to visualize and to measure the clinoptilolite crystals.
  • 3.4K
  • 05 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Radio Broadcasting
Radio broadcasting is transmission by radio waves intended to reach a wide audience. Stations can be linked in radio networks to broadcast a common radio format, either in broadcast syndication or simulcast or both. Alternatives to terrestrial radio broadcasting include cable radio, local wire television networks, satellite radio, and internet radio via streaming media on the Internet. The signal types can be either analog audio or digital audio.
  • 3.4K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cereal–Legume Intercropping
With the current objective of moving away from monoculture and the development of the "ecological intensification" of agrosystems, the cereal-legume intercropping takes advantage of the symbiotic relationships that the legume develops with soil micro-organisms (rhizobiums). Legumes are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen thanks to the nodules of its roots, and thus provide to this crop a part of its nitrogen needs. The choice of species and the proportion of grains to be sown are determined by the objectives of intercropping. For human food, simple mixtures are favoured (e.g. wheat/pea, barley/bean, triticale/pea). For fodder production, the number of species can be higher.
  • 3.4K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
SDN-Based Fog Computing
Software-defined networks (SDN) is an evolution in networking field where the data plane is separated from the control plane and all the controlling and management tasks are deployed in a centralized controller. 
  • 3.4K
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Commercially Important Chlorinated Phenols
Phenols are compounds having a hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring such as a benzene or naphthalene ring. Several phenols that also possess one or more chlorine substituents attached to the aromatic ring have significant commercial importance, and these are the subject of this entry.
  • 3.4K
  • 08 Jan 2022
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