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Topic Review
Electroencephalogram Control Strategies
Electroencephalography (EEG) is the most often-used brain signal in brain-machine interface applications. EEG measures brain activity electric signals generated by currents created by neurons within the brain. Several factors contribute to this popularity compared to other brain wave measurement methods. EEG signals are non-invasive, low cost, compatible, portable, and have a high temporal resolution. This explains why EEG is the most widely used tool to measure brain activity. Furthermore, it is reasonably priced and has an excellent temporal resolution (1 ms).
  • 825
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Synthesis of Cellulose Nanocrystals
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on Earth. The roles of cellulose nanocrystals’ (CNC) nonlinear geometry in improved performance coatings are appealing for mini structures or device production; yet, CNC is an insulating material. The cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is a part of the organic crystallization macromolecular compound found in plant fibers and bacteria’s capsular polysaccharides. It has several properties, which include high strength, high crystallization, large physical properties, minimum density, and good biocompatibility. CNCs, with their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, have emerged as a versatile and sustainable nanomaterial with the potential to revolutionize various industries.
  • 825
  • 18 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Photonic Time-Stretch Imaging
Inspiring development in optical imaging enables great applications in the science and engineering industry, especially in the medical imaging area. Photonic time-stretch imaging is one emerging innovation that attracted a wide range of attention due to its principle of one-to-one-to-one mapping among space-wavelength-time using dispersive medium both in spatial and time domains. 
  • 821
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sericin in Bone Regeneration
The potential of sericin, a protein derived from silkworms, is explored in bone graft applications. Sericin’s biocompatibility, hydrophilic nature, and cost-effectiveness make it a promising candidate for enhancing traditional graft materials. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and UV-resistant properties contribute to a healthier bone-healing environment, and its incorporation into 3D-printed grafts could lead to personalized medical solutions.
  • 815
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Lung Cancer: Computer-Aided Decision Systems
Computer-aided decision systems could be defined as tools that automatically extract valuable information from medical data and help make more accurate and fast decisions. In lung cancer, CADs focus on using imaging results from CT scans and producing predictions that help the clinicians to decide on the follow-up of the patients or the best treatment plans. An effective CAD should comprise various components: pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification, grading and characterization of cancer. An ideal CAD would present specific features (e.g. accurate, non-invasive, low-cost, repeatable, generalizable and interpretable) to be integrated into the clinical routine of the cancer assessment.
  • 815
  • 25 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Factors Affecting Adoption of Wearable and Soft Robotics
The advent of soft robotics has changed the landscape of wearable technologies. Soft robots are highly compliant and malleable, thus ensuring safe human-machine interactions. A wide variety of actuation mechanisms have been studied and adopted into a multitude of soft wearables for use in clinical practice, such as assistive devices and rehabilitation modalities. Much research effort has been put into improving their technical performance and establishing the ideal indications for which rigid exoskeletons would play a limited role.
  • 810
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Electrical Stimulation Bioreactors
Electrical Stimulation (ES) bioreactors are defined here as any bioreactor capable of providing some type of ES to cells and organoids cultured within the device. Although there are several approaches to providing ES to cells, such as capacitive coupling and inductive stimulation, the most common method is direct stimulation.
  • 808
  • 08 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Skin Tissue Engineering
Skin tissue engineering aimed to replace chronic tissue injury commonly occurred due to severe burn and chronic wound in diabetic ulcer patients. The normal skin is unable to be regenerated until the seriously injured tissue is disrupted and losing its function. 3D-bioprinting has been one of the effective methods for scaffold fabrication and is proven to replace the conventional method, which reported several drawbacks. In light of this, researchers have developed a new fabrication approach via 3D-bioprinting by combining biomaterials (bioinks) with cells and biomolecules followed by a suitable crosslinking approach. This advanced technology has been subcategorised into three different printing techniques including inject-based, laser-based, and extrusion-based printing. However, the printable quality of the currently available bioinks demonstrated shortcomings in the physicochemical and mechanical properties.
  • 804
  • 16 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Genome-Editing Approaches toward Post-Implanted Fetuses in Mice
At least four ways have been known for induction of genome editing in individuals: the first is to perform genome editing at zygote stage; the second is at post-implanted stages, as exemplified by the mid-gestational stages (E9 to E15), which is called “in utero genome editing”; the third is at the mid-gestational stages, as exemplified by tail vein injection of genome editing components into the pregnant females, which is called “transplacental gene delivery to acquire genome-edited fetuses (TPGD-GEF); the last is at the newborn or adult stage, as exemplified by facial or tail vein injection of genome editing components. For fetal genome manipulation, the second and the third approaches can be employed. Here, detailed explanation of TPGD-GEF, and limitations of and possibilities for in utero genome editing and TPGD-GEF will be shown.
  • 804
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Gene-Editing Technology of Zebrafish
As a vertebrate model, zebrafish (Danio rerio) plays a vital role in the field of life sciences. Recently, gene-editing technology has become increasingly innovative, significantly promoting scientific research on zebrafish. However, the implementation of these methods in a reasonable and accurate manner to achieve efficient gene-editing remains challenging.
  • 799
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Application of Lab-on-a-Chip Techniques for Single-Molecule Fluorescence Imaging
Single-molecule imaging technologies, especially those based on fluorescence, have been developed to probe both the equilibrium and dynamic properties of biomolecules at the single-molecular and quantitative levels. Lab-on-a-chip techniques have emerged as valuable tools in single-molecule fluorescence imaging, offering numerous advantages and enabling new possibilities for experimental design and analysis.
  • 794
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Exploring Huntington’s Disease Diagnosis via Artificial Intelligence-Powered Models
Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. The early and accurate diagnosis of HD is crucial for effective intervention and patient care. 
  • 791
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Micro-Magnetofluidic System for Rare Cell Analysis
Rare cells play essential roles in the initiation and progression of diseases and therefore their analysis is of great interest. The micro-magnetofluidic system is one of the emerging platforms that have been proposed for the rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective analysis of rare cells. 
  • 787
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
The Human Ventilator
The human ventilator as equipment for pressure energy transfer: the risk of not taking in account Engineering aspects in such a complex problem. A short essay regarding Engineering issues regarding the human ventilators and comments on available data.
  • 784
  • 03 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Lung Cancer: Lung Segmentation in Computer-Aided Decision Systems
Lung segmentation is a critical task necessary in the majority of lung imaging computer-aided decision (CAD) systems studies. Despite not being provided to radiologists in real scenarios, an accurate lung mask is absolutely crucial in the development of clinical support tools, avoiding the inclusion of noise and non-relevant background information, which also improves the efficiency of the usage of the computational resources. However, the main challenge to overcome remains the lack of robustness of the developed tools when analyzing lung images with completely different properties. The large diversity of lung pathological status and biological phenomena associated with severe imaging manifestations often result in extremely difficult segmentation cases, and models tend to fail in these scenarios.
  • 784
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Sensors for Food Safety Applications
Considering the increasing concern for food safety, electrochemical methods for detecting specific ingredients in the food are currently the most efficient method due to their low cost, fast response signal, high sensitivity, and ease of use. 
  • 784
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Orthopedic Biomaterials Related-Infections
One of the most serious complications following the implantation of orthopedic biomaterials is the development of infection. Orthopedic implant-related infections do not only entail clinical problems and patient suffering, but also cause a burden on healthcare care systems.
  • 782
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Soft Polymer-Based Technique for Cellular Force Sensing
Soft polymers have emerged as a vital type of material adopted in biomedical engineering to perform various biomechanical characterisations such as sensing cellular forces. Distinct advantages of these materials used in cellular force sensing include maintaining normal functions of cells, resembling in vivo mechanical characteristics, and adapting to the customised functionality demanded in individual applications. A wide range of techniques has been developed with various designs and fabrication processes for the desired soft polymeric structures, as well as measurement methodologies in sensing cellular forces. 
  • 776
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Failure Analysis of TEVG’s I
Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts (TEVGs) are a promising alternative to treat vascular diseases. However, the interactions between the material and the biological and hemodynamic environment are still to be understood and optimization of the rational design of vascular grafts is an open challenge.  Considering the general stages of integration of vascular grafts, this review aims to analyze the key points leading either to regeneration or failure of vascular grafts related to the acute inflammatory responses. 
  • 771
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
AI-Based Imaging Techniques Applications
AI-based imaging techniques can be divided in eight distinct categories: acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, registration, classification, object localization, segmentation, and visualization. These can also be organized in the clinical process pipeline broadly encompassing prevention, diagnostics, planning, therapy, prognostic, and monitoring. It is also possible to focus on the human organ or physiological process under focus.
  • 771
  • 04 Jan 2024
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