Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Chromium in Spent Industrial Effluents
Chromium compounds are used in many chemical processes as industrial catalysts and pigments for glass, porcelain glazes (bright green, yellow, red, and orange). Approximately 90% of all leather is tanned with chrome, and toxic waste tannery effluents are generated. 
  • 793
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Well-Being in a Sustainable Product–Service System
To regain overall well-being in the post-pandemic era, the priorities should not be only economic growth but also human physical and mental health. 
  • 790
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Environmental, Social, and Governance Maturity
Given the rising demand for more transparent, consistent, and comprehensive non-financial information in investment, there is a need to provide more reliable, meaningful, and measurable Environmental, Social, and Governance [ESG] metrics, in a way that most frameworks cannot. Most established frameworks face difficulties and challenges in providing sustainability information to investors in a significant way, lacking in areas such as transparency, reliability, consistency, materiality, and particularly, their focus on the “S” dimension of ESG.
  • 790
  • 28 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Green Hydrogen
Increasingly stringent sustainability and decarbonization objectives drive investments in adopting environmentally friendly, low, and zero-carbon fuels. Hydrogen represents a unique zero-carbon energy carrier akin to electricity. Hydrogen is hailed as a carbon-neutral fuel of the future, particularly in the form of green hydrogen. 
  • 788
  • 12 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Joint Recovery of Macroalgae and Marine Debris
At the moment, macroalgae blooms in sea waters, the rotting of which causes greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to the formation of a negative ecological and economic situation in coastal zones, which has become a serious problem. Fuel production through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of macroalgae and marine debris is a promising solution to this ecological problem. 
  • 782
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Citizen Science Method
The “citizen science” term is used for environmental monitoring projects or an ongoing program of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers, many of whom may have no specific scientific training, perform or manage air quality research-related tasks such as observation, measurement, data validation, or computation. It reflects a contemporary understanding of science that allows societal engagement through participatory methods. The term "citizen science method" for knowledge transfer purposes can be defined as the four-element study design consisting of preparation, measurements, data analysis, and scientific support components for societal engagement. Each of the four elements is a prerequisite for involving various citizen communities in scientific processes. The method for citizen science is therefore valid if all four of the elements are integrated into the study design.
  • 780
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Acyl-Homoserine Lactones Improve Growth of Ginseng Seedlings
Panax ginseng is a well-known medicinal plant that achieves strong resistance against plant pathogens while growing in the wild. Due to the high market demand for ginseng as a health food source, ginseng cultivation is prevalent in South Korea. However, continuous monocropping creates problems like irregular growth or vulnerability to crop diseases. Quorum sensing (QS) deals with the intracellular communication of bacteria and plays a role in dynamic changes in the soil microbiome. Here, we investigated how acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules in QS (C8, C10, and C12) improve plant growth and induce shifts in the soil microbiome. To assess the effects, we recorded root and shoot growth of ginseng seedlings and checked the changes in the soil microbiome during different time points (0, 2, 4, and 8) after 8 weeks of growth. We observed that soils treated with N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10) showed the most pronounced effects. Very striking was that C10 had the lowest alpha diversity. Using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2), we observed a high number of QS-related functional genes, with the highest count occurring in the untreated planted soil (W). Together with the known direct and beneficial effects of AHLs on plant development, AHLs treated mono-cropped soil showed trends in the microbiome community. 
  • 779
  • 10 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Recycled Paper Sludge for Energy Applications
Recycled paper sludge (RPS), a paper production by-product, is an excellent lignocellulosic biomass source for bioethanol production due to its high cellulose content and negative cost. Converting RPS to bioethanol aligns with circular economy (CE) concepts and is key in achieving Agenda 2020 for America’s forest, wood, and paper industries. Paper is a well-explored material, including its production process, waste product, and properties.
  • 777
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Energy and Nutrients’ Recovery from Contaminated Food Products
Mycotoxins’ contamination of food products is a well-known issue that is gaining interest nowadays due to increasing contaminations that are also related to climate change. Considering the principles of Circular Economy, finding robust and reliable strategies for the decontamination and valorisation of mycotoxin-contaminated products becomes mandatory. Anaerobic digestion (AD) and composting appear as promising biological treatments to degrade mycotoxins and allow for recovering energy (i.e., biogas production) and materials (i.e., nutrients from digestate and/or compost). 
  • 776
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Historical Greenhouse Gas Emission Trends in Saudi Arabia
The growth of population, gross domestic product (GDP), and urbanization have led to an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The leading GHG-emitting sectors are electricity generation, road transportation, cement, chemicals, refinery, iron, and steel.
  • 770
  • 12 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Tea Tree Essential Oil in Hot Spring Water
The composite microcapsules of alginate/tea tree essential oil have an obvious antibacterial effect on microorganisms in hot spring water, while the composite microcapsules of alginate/chitosan have no antibacterial effect in hot spring water. When the concentration of the cross-linking agent is fixed, the longer the cross-linking time is (10 min > 5 min > 1 min), the longer the release equilibrium time of the essential oil in the microcapsules in the hot spring water is. When the cross-linking time is fixed, the higher the concentration of the cross-linking agent (1 M > 0.5 M > 0.1 M) and the longer the release equilibrium time of the essential oil in the microcapsules in the hot spring water is. When the concentration of the cross-linking agent and the cross-linking time are fixed, the higher the metal activity of the cross-linking agent (Ca > Zn) is and the longer the release equilibrium time of the essential oil in the microcapsules in the hot spring water is.
  • 769
  • 07 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Ramsar Site Labudovo Okno for Sustainable Tourism
The Ramsar Site Labudovo Okno (LO) is located in Serbia, AP Vojvodina, on the left bank of the Danube. It covers an area of 3733 ha. This wet habitat is valuable for different ecosystems, among which the most important are those inhabited by rare bird species.
  • 766
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Monitoring Tools Applied to the Food System
One of the greatest challenges the world is facing is ensuring equitable access to food for a growing population with an increasing demand for food, while increasing pressure on sustainability puts a great strain on both the environment and society. Global food security is becoming an increasingly serious problem and it is now clear that food waste is one of the key issues because of the significant negative environmental, social, and economic impacts it causes, so it is also the key to a more sustainable resolution of the global waste challenge. 
  • 765
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Roles of Hydrogen in Sector Coupling
Sector coupling (SC) is defined as the profound integration of significant energy consumption sectors, including electricity, heating/cooling, and transportation, fostering a synergistic relationship. In order to effectively combat the effects of global warming, all sectors must actively reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a sustainable and substantial manner. Sector coupling has emerged as a critical technology that can integrate energy systems and address the temporal imbalances created by intermittent renewable energy sources.
  • 757
  • 18 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Phytotoxicity Removal Technologies for Agricultural Waste
Agricultural waste often contains substances such as phenols, organic acids, ammonia, nitrogen, and heavy metals, which can be highly phytotoxic. This phytotoxicity can inhibit seed germination and plant growth, making it a significant obstacle to using agricultural waste as a component of growing media. Therefore, it’s crucial to reduce or eliminate this phytotoxicity before agricultural waste can be effectively used. Various technologies have been explored for this purpose, including the four most common methods: composting, heat treatment, washing, and aging. Additionally, a newer method, ammonium incubation, has also been introduced. These methods aim to mitigate the phytotoxicity in agricultural wastes, enhancing their potential for effective utilization.
  • 753
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Green Design Evaluation of Kindergarten Furniture
Kindergarten is an important place for children’s activities, learning, and life, and early childhood is a key basic period of life. In early childhood, young children’s organs and body tissues are not mature and have strong plasticity in various aspects such as personality, intelligence, and physical development. Green design is also known as environmental design and environmental awareness design.
  • 752
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Microbial-Mediated Emissions of Greenhouse Gas from Farmland Soils
The greenhouse effect is one of the concerning environmental problems. Farmland soil is an important source of greenhouse gases (GHG), which is characterized by the wide range of ways to produce GHG, multiple influencing factors and complex regulatory measures. Therefore, reducing GHG emissions from farmland soil is a hot topic for relevant researchers. 
  • 751
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Exploring Patterns of Transportation-Related CO2 Emissions
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are one of the direct results of a transportation sector powered by burning fossil-based fuels.
  • 744
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Triboelectric Nanogenerator Network for Harvesting Ocean Blue Energy
The utilization of abundant blue energy in the ocean could greatly contribute to achieving carbon neutrality. However, the unsolved economic and technical challenges of traditional technologies for harvesting blue energy have resulted in slow progress. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), as a new approach for converting mechanical energy into electricity, have great potential for blue energy harvesting, which can be connected as networks with different numbers of units for varying scales of energy harvesting. Anchoring strategies of devices and networks are also discussed. The development of TENG networks could provide an effective solution for large-scale ocean blue energy harvesting, which can also serve as an in-situ energy station or power source for self-powered systems, supporting various marine equipment and activities.
  • 744
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Regulatory Approach to Ocean Plastics
The research investigates the problems and maps the solutions to the serious threat that plastics pose to the oceans, food safety, and human health, with more than eight million tons of plastic debris dumped in the sea every year. The aim of this study is to explore how to better improve the regulatory process of ocean plastics by integrating scientific results, regulatory strategies and action plans so as to limit the impact of plastics at sea. Adopting a problem-solving approach and identifying four areas of intervention enable the establishment of a regulatory framework from a multi-actor, multi-issue, and multi-level perspective. The research methodology consists of a two-pronged approach: 1. An analysis of the state-of-the-art definition of plastics, micro-, and nanoplastics (respectively, MPs and NPs), and 2. The identification and discussion of loopholes in the current regulation, suggesting key actions to be taken at a global, regional and national level. In particular, the study proposes a systemic integration of scientific and regulatory advancements towards the construction of an interconnected multi-tiered (MT) plastic governance framework. The milestones reached by the project SECURE at UiT - The Arctic University of Norway provide evidence of the strength of the theory of integration and rights-based approaches. The suggested model holds substantial significance for the fields of environmental protection, food security, food safety, and human health. This proposed MT plastic governance framework allows for the holistic and effective organization of complex information and scenarios concerning plastics regulation. Containing a clear definition of plastics, grounded on the precautionary principle, the MT plastic framework should provide detailed mitigation measures, with a clear indication of rights and duties, and in coordination with an effective reparatory justice system. 
  • 739
  • 18 Sep 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 26
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback