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Topic Review
Fluorescence-Based Portable Device in Healthcare Applications
The current global healthcare crisis underpins the importance of point-of-care technologies to provide a cost-effective solution to address the unmet healthcare needs. With a focus on providing rapid detection, POC devices are pivotal in containing disease, particularly those that are highly infectious. Additionally, the availability of POC devices will save time, cost, and travel for patients, particularly those who require frequent testing. This will also increase access to medical care for the underserved population. Overall, POC devices promise to alleviate the tradeoff between high cost and poor accessibility of testing, which makes them a robust solution.
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Lipoedema
Lipoedema is a disease characterized by excessive bilateral and symmetrical accumulation of subcutaneous tissue in the lower extremities. It is a poorly understood condition, and low awareness of its existence often leads to incorrect diagnosis Initially, lipoedema was considered to be completely independent of lifestyle Currently, however, more and more cases of the coexistence of lipoedema and obesity are described in the literature as additionally affecting the severity of the disease.
  • 998
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Mupirocin in Bacterial Skin and Soft Tissue Infection
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) have increased problematically in hospital and ambulatory settings due to the poor immunity of hosts and multidrug-resistant pathogens. Mupirocin (MUP), a global topical antibiotic, is used for the treatment of SSTIs caused by various pathogens due to its unique mechanism of action. However, the therapeutic efficiency of MUP is hampered due to the protein binding and drug resistance caused by frequent use. A combined report covering the various aspects of MUP, such as the synthesis of the novel formulation, loading of the drug, and application against various skin infections, is missing. 
  • 992
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Heart Diet in Prevention of Heart Failure
Antioxidants, such as polyphenolics and flavonoids, omega-3 fatty acids, and other micronutrients that are rich in Indo-Mediterranean-type diets, could be protective in sustaining the oxidative functions of the heart. The cardiomyocytes use glucose and fatty acids for the physiological functions depending upon the metabolic requirements of the heart. Apart from toxicity due to glucose, lipotoxicity also adversely affects the cardiomyocytes, which worsen in the presence of deficiency of endogenous antioxidants and deficiency of exogenous antioxidant nutrients in the diet. The high-sugar-and-high-fat-induced production of ceramide, advanced glycation end products (AGE) and triamino-methyl-N-oxide (TMAO) can predispose individuals to oxidative dysfunction and Ca-overloading. The alteration in the biology may start with normal cardiac cell remodeling to biological remodeling due to inflammation. It is proposed that a greater intake of high exogenous antioxidant restorative treatment (HEART) diet, polyphenolics and flavonoids, as well as cessation of red meat intake and egg, can cause improvement in the oxidative function of the heart, by inhibiting oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA in the cell, resulting in beneficial effects in the early stage of the Six Stages of heart failure (HF). 
  • 992
  • 09 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Aging and Quality of Life
The aging of the world’s population and the health problems accompanying it are becoming increasingly severe. Healthcare policies in developed countries focus on how to prevent and treat diseases associated with aging and how to maintain quality of life. Typical age-related diseases include deafness, cataracts, osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, and dementia. Although the mechanisms by which these diseases develop differ, they are all caused by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage over time.
  • 991
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Brain Immunoinformatics
Breakthrough advances in informatics of the last decade have thoroughly influenced the field of immunology. In particular, the immunoinformatics of the central neural system is referred to as neuroimmunoinformatics (NII). This interdisciplinary overview on NII is addressed to bioscientists and computer scientists. We delineate the dominating trajectories and field-shaping achievements and elaborate on future directions using a bridging language and terminology. Computation, varying from linear modeling to complex deep learning approaches, fuels neuroimmunology through three core directions. Firstly, by providing big-data analysis software for high-throughput methods such as next-generation sequencing and genome-wide association studies. Secondly, by designing models for the prediction of protein morphology, functions, and protein-protein interactions. Finally, NII boosts the output of quantitative pathology by enabling the automatization of tedious processes such as cell counting, tracing, and arbor analysis. Deep sequencing classifies microglia in “sensotypes” to accurately describe the versatility of immune responses to physiological and pathological challenges, as well as to experimental conditions such as xenografting and organoids. NII opts to individualize treatment strategies, personalize disease prognosis and treatment response.   
  • 990
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria
Even if malaria is rare in Europe, it is a medical emergency and programs for its control should ensure both an early diagnosis and a prompt treatment within 24–48 h from the onset of the symptoms. The increasing number of imported malaria cases as well as the risk of the reintroduction of autochthonous cases encouraged laboratories in non-endemic countries to adopt diagnostic methods/algorithms. Microscopy remains the gold standard, but with limitations. Rapid diagnostic tests have greatly expanded the ability to diagnose malaria for rapid results due to simplicity and low cost, but they lack sensitivity and specificity. PCR-based assays provide more relevant information but need well-trained technicians.
  • 990
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Escherichia coli Isolated from Migratory Birds
Antibiotic resistance is a global health crisis. Migratory birds are carriers of various types of pathogens including multidrug  Escherichia coli. However, their roles in the dissemination of these resistant pathogens are still being neglected in Bangladesh. MDR E. coli carried by many of these migratory birds could also be positive for APEC-associated virulence genes, which can seriously contribute to the development of human and animal diseases. 
  • 989
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Melatonin for Endometriosis
Melatonin may offer an excellent opportunity to restore normal physiological function of the affected tissues. By alleviating oxidative damage in the placenta, melatonin favors nutrient transfer and improves vascular dynamics at the uterine–placental interface.
  • 988
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence and COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has worked as a catalyst, pushing governments, private companies, and healthcare facilities to design, develop, and adopt innovative solutions to control it, as is often the case when people are driven by necessity. After 18 months since the first case, it is time to think about the pros and cons of such technologies, including artificial intelligence—which is probably the most complex and misunderstood by non-specialists—in order to get the most out of them, and to suggest future improvements and proper adoption. 
  • 984
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Hospital Processes
When thinking about a hospital, we can subdivide it into four main areas: Infrastructure, Outpatient and Emergency, Clinical and Surgical Inpatient, and Diagnosis and Treatment. For each of these areas, this entry can list several subareas and several important processes for providing hospital care.
  • 984
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Colorectal Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Colonoscopy procedure has been the key screening method to detect colorectal cancer (CRC). As a fatal disease, CRC needs early detection. The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic caused screening tests (mainly colonoscopy) to be halted and delayed. At the same time, the use of other screening tests like fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) increased.  
  • 982
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Treatment of Halitosis
Halitosis, or bad breath, is an oral health problem characterized by an unpleasant malodor emanating from the oral cavity. This condition can have different origins and causes a negative burden in social interactions, communication and quality of life, and can in uncommon cases be indicative of underlying non-oral non-communicable diseases.
  • 982
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Cognitive Decline following Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy for head and neck cancers exposes small parts of the brain to radiation, resulting in radiation-induced changes in cerebral tissue. Implementation of neurocognitive assessment with advanced MRI examination in monitoring brain microstructural and functional changes of head and neck cancer patients could detect cognitive changes early. With suitable intervention, further deleterious effects on the patient’s cognition can be prevented.
  • 982
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Therapeutic Target for β-Thalassemia Patients
Iron homeostasis is regulated by hepcidin, a hepatic hormone that controls dietary iron absorption and plasma iron concentration. Hepcidin binds to the only known iron export protein, ferroportin (FPN), which regulates its expression. The major factors that implicate hepcidin regulation include iron stores, hypoxia, inflammation, and erythropoiesis. When erythropoietic activity is suppressed, hepcidin expression is hampered, leading to deficiency, thus causing an iron overload in iron-loading anemia, such as β-thalassemia. Iron overload is the principal cause of mortality and morbidity in β-thalassemia patients with or without blood transfusion dependence. In the case of thalassemia major, the primary cause of iron overload is blood transfusion. In contrast, iron overload is attributed to hepcidin deficiency and hyperabsorption of dietary iron in non-transfusion thalassemia. Beta-thalassemia patients showed marked hepcidin suppression, anemia, iron overload, and ineffective erythropoiesis (IE). Recent molecular research has prompted the discovery of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for several diseases, including β-thalassemia.
  • 981
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Skull Vibration Induced Nystagmus
Skull vibration induced nystagmus (SVIN) is a dramatic clinical observation—if a vibrator is applied to either mastoid of a patient with a total unilateral vestibular loss (TUVL) and switched on at a frequency of 100 Hz and at moderate intensity (about the strength a body massager) the patient immediately has a nystagmus, mainly horizontal, with the clinically obvious quick phases (QPs) beating away from the lesioned ear.
  • 979
  • 25 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Drone Applications Fighting COVID-19
The non-military use of drones is becoming more widespread, which the media is now increasingly reporting. Drone applications fighting Covid-19 can be divided into different types of groups: surveillance of an area with a visual camera, detection of fever-infected people with a thermal camera, communication with an on-board installed loudspeaker or QR code flag and three different logistic tasks such as transportation of essentials, health products and disinfectants.   
  • 977
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19, Respiratory Diseases & Drug-Drug Interactions
The absence of COVID-19-targeted treatments has led scientist to exploit available scientific evidence for potential efficient drugs that may block biological pathways of SARS-CoV-2 and several molecules have been emerged as promising pharmacological agents. Then again, due to the criticality of the disease, it is important for healthcare providers in COVID-19 clinics to recognize potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that may lead to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and additional burdens in patients' health status from the administration of these agents.
  • 974
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Colistin-Resistant Bacteria
Colistin (polymyxin E) has been used as a growth promoter in food-production animals, but it is also used in pets for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections.
  • 974
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Adult Food Preference
Early childhood socioeconomic status (SES) conditions can influence how an adult responds to stress, their food preferences, the volume of food consumed, the likelihood that one will desire to eat in the absence of an energy deficit, the development of eating disorders, and the likelihood that one will suffer from adult obesity.
  • 974
  • 07 Jul 2022
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