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Topic Review
Pulsed Infrared Thermography Application Documentary Materials
Pulsed Infrared Thermography (PT) is nowadays established as an effective tool thanks to its remote character allowing the in situ non-destructive investigation of the artworks by means of relatively simple experimental procedures.
  • 743
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Palmprint Recognition
Palmprint recognition constitutes a pivotal biometric technology deployed in the identification and verification of individuals, relying on the distinctive patterns inherent in their palmprints. This method, known for its reliability and security, finds extensive applications in diverse fields, including access control, security systems, and forensic investigations. Palmprint image acquisition involves capturing high-quality palmprint images using various devices like cameras, scanners, or smartphones. These images are then subjected to preprocessing techniques, encompassing noise reduction, normalization, and enhancement, to ensure consistent submission despite any restrictions on the availability of materials and/or refined input data. Following preprocessing, relevant features are extracted, like minutiae points specific to an individual’s palm, ridges, and lines. These features are crucial for accurate identification and are obtained through advanced image processing methods.
  • 727
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Machine Vision Techniques in Agriculture
Introducing machine vision-based automation to the agricultural sector is essential to meet the food demand of a rapidly growing population. Furthermore, extensive labor and time are required in agriculture; hence, agriculture automation is a major concern and an emerging subject. Machine vision-based automation can improve productivity and quality by reducing errors and adding flexibility to the work process. Primarily, machine vision technology has been used to develop crop production systems by detecting stresses and diseases more efficiently.
  • 712
  • 06 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Soft X-ray Contact Microscopy
Soft X-ray microscopy is a powerful technique for imaging cells with nanometer resolution in their native state without chemical fixation, staining, or sectioning.
  • 706
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Line-Shaped-Illumination Two-Photon Microscopy
Line-shaped illumination is a useful configuration to obtain a multifocal pattern to be used in two-photon microscopy: the light beam emitted by the illuminating laser is first shaped by means of cylindrical lenses and then is focused inside the sample as a continuous line. The simultaneous excitation of several points in the specimen is expected to reduce the acquisition time with respect to the usual point-scanning two-photon microscopes, as a two-dimensional image is obtained by scanning the line along a single direction.
  • 689
  • 05 May 2022
Topic Review
High-Resolution Episcopic Microscopy in Multimodal Imaging Approaches
High-resolution episcopic microscopy (HREM) is a three-dimensional (3D) episcopic imaging modality based on the acquisition of two-dimensional (2D) images from the cut surface of a block of tissue embedded in resin. Such images, acquired serially through the entire length/depth of the tissue block, are aligned and stacked for 3D reconstruction. HREM has proven to be specifically advantageous when integrated in correlative multimodal imaging (CMI) pipelines. CMI creates a composite and zoomable view of exactly the same specimen and region of interest by (sequentially) correlating two or more modalities. CMI combines complementary modalities to gain holistic structural, functional, and chemical information of the entire sample and place molecular details into their overall spatiotemporal multiscale context. HREM has an advantage over in vivo 3D imaging techniques on account of better histomorphologic resolution while simultaneously providing volume data. HREM also has certain advantages over ex vivo light microscopy modalities. The latter can provide better cellular resolution but usually covers a limited area or volume of tissue, with limited 3D structural context. 
  • 686
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Imaging Principle of the Light Field Camera
A light field camera has the benefit of being compact and reconstructing the 3D shape of the surface with just one shot. At the same time, it can provide dense multiple angles and obtain richer image information, improving measurement accuracy and solving measurement challenges such as occlusion.
  • 684
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Autonomous Landing Site Detection
The advancement of autonomous technology in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has piloted a new era in aviation. While UAVs were initially utilized only for the military, rescue, and disaster response, they are now being utilized for domestic and civilian purposes as well. In order to deal with its expanded applications and to increase autonomy, the ability for UAVs to perform autonomous landing will be a crucial component.
  • 682
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Neural Radiance Fields for Processing Drone Images
Reconstruction of 3D scenes starting from images is a research topic in which scholars have been developing new methods since the beginning of the 20th century. The approach receiving more attention so far is the one based on the geometric consideration of image geometry and image-matching technique for radiometric consistency. Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) are an emerging technology that may provide novel outcomes in the heritage documentation field.  NeRFs are also relatively new compared to traditional photogrammetric processing, and improvements are indeed expected with future research work.
  • 635
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications in Climate Change
The proliferation of drone technologies has revealed new frontiers for climate change research and analysis in urban environments. Drones, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), provide scientists with unprecedented abilities to collect detailed spatial and temporal data about the built environment, enabling for more robust studies on the impacts of climate change on cities. Whereas satellite imagery was previously allowed for large-scale data accessibility, drones at present facilitate close-range data capture, monitoring, and mapping at new scales and from multiple angles.
  • 635
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Three-Dimensional Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation for Cultural Heritage
In the cultural heritage field, point clouds, as important raw data of geomatics, are not only three-dimensional (3D) spatial presentations of 3D objects but they also have the potential to gradually advance towards an intelligent data structure with scene understanding, autonomous cognition, and a decision-making ability. The approach of point cloud semantic segmentation as a preliminary stage can help to realize this advancement.
  • 630
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Radiotherapy Planning of Gliomas
The accuracy of target delineation in radiation treatment (RT) planning of cerebral gliomas is crucial to achieve high tumor control, while minimizing treatment-related toxicity.
  • 602
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Transfer Learning for Building Damage Assessment
When a natural disaster occurs, humanitarian organizations need to be prompt, effective, and efficient to support people whose security is threatened. Damage assessment is the preliminary evaluation of damage in the event of a natural disaster, intended to inform decision-makers on the impact of the incident. Satellite imagery offers rich and reliable information to support expert decision-making, yet its annotation remains labour-intensive and tedious. Researchers suggest an approach where the model first learns generic features from many past disaster events to assimilate current disaster-specific features. This technique is known as transfer learning. 
  • 592
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Online Pipeline Characterisation on Autonomous Underwater Vehicles
Nowadays, more frequently, it is necessary to perform underwater operations such as surveying an area or inspecting and intervening on industrial infrastructures such as offshore oil and gas rigs or pipeline networks. The use of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) has grown as a way to automate these tasks, reducing risks and execution time. One of the used sensing modalities is vision, providing RGB high-quality information in the mid to low range, making it appropriate for manipulation or detail inspection tasks. This research presents the use of a deep neural network to perform pixel-wise 3D segmentation of pipes and valves on underwater point clouds generated using a stereo pair of cameras. In addition, two novel algorithms are built to extract information from the detected instances, providing pipe vectors, gripping points, the position of structural elements such as elbows or connections, and valve type and orientation. The neural network and information algorithms are implemented on an AUV and executed in real-time, validating that the output information stream frame rate of 0.72 fps is high enough to perform manipulation tasks and to ensure full seabed coverage during inspection tasks. The used dataset, along with a trained model and the information algorithms, are provided to the scientific community.
  • 583
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Advancement in UV-Visible-IR Camouflage Textiles & Camouflage Physics
Optical theory of Camouflage engineering has been invented for defence protection. This optical theory can be implemented by defence scientists to explore camouflage products and multidimensional branches of optical technologies. Advancement in ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-IR) camouflage engineering has been designed for defence protection. Camouflage physics has been explained through camouflage textiles and camouflage materials. This technique of camouflage engineering can be explored to defence technology for the design and manufacturing of combat product against multidimensional combat backgrounds such as dry leaves, green leaves, tree bark-woodland combat background; water-marine combat background; sand-desertland combat background; stone-stoneland combat background; snow-snowland combat background; sky combat background; ice-iceland combat background and concrete-concreteland combat background (DGTWSICB). This is a novel addition of camouflage technology for the engineering progress of camouflage product design. Hence, camouflage engineering has been briefly reported by “Anowar Hossain’s invention of camouflage physics at PhD School, first version submitted to Nobel committee for Nobel nomination in 2023 under affiliation of RMIT University”. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29936.23048, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8286832
  • 551
  • 06 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Image Watermarking
Most transactions and exchanges are conducted through the Internet thanks to technological tools, running the risk of the falsification and distortion of information. This is due to the massive demand for the virtual world and its easy access to anyone. Image watermarking has emerged as one of the most important areas for protecting content and enhancing durability and resistance to these kinds of attacks.
  • 549
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Development in Vision-Based On-Road Behaviors Understanding
On-road behavior analysis is a crucial and challenging problem in the autonomous driving vision-based area. Several endeavors have been proposed to deal with different related tasks and it has gained wide attention recently. Much of the excitement about on-road behavior understanding has been the labor of advancement witnessed in the fields of computer vision, machine, and deep learning. Remarkable achievements have been made in the Road Behavior Understanding area over the last years.
  • 541
  • 18 Apr 2022
Topic Review
TMCrack-Net
The detection of crack information is very important in mural conservation. In practice, the number of ancient murals is scarce, and the difficulty of collecting digital information about murals leads to minimal data being collected. Crack information appears in pictures of paintings, which resembles painting traces and is easy to misidentify. However, the current mainstream semantic segmentation networks directly use the features of the backbone network for prediction, which do not fully use the features at different scales and ignore the differences between the decoder and encoder features. A new U-shaped convolutional neural network with feature pyramids and a transformer called TMCrack-net is proposed.
  • 537
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Arabic Sign Language Recognition
Sign language recognition, an essential interface between the hearing and deaf-mute communities, faces challenges with high false positive rates and computational costs, even with the use of advanced deep learning techniques.
  • 505
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Tumor-Specific MRI Biomarkers
Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled the identification of highly predictive, disease-specific biomarkers. 
  • 492
  • 10 Dec 2021
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