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Topic Review
Optical Sensors Based on Plasmonic Techniques in Aquaculture
Aquaculture is an expanding economic sector that nourishes the world’s growing population due to its nutritional significance as a source of high-quality proteins. However, it has faced severe challenges due to significant cases of environmental pollution, pathogen outbreaks, and the lack of traceability that guarantees the quality assurance of its products. Such context has prompted many researchers to work on the development of novel, affordable, and reliable technologies, such as the sensors based on the plasmonic technique are surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localised SPR, and fibre-optic SPR.
  • 699
  • 11 Jan 2023
Topic Review
CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing Technique for Fish Disease
CRISPR-Cas genome-editing technique can be the potential solution to preventing diseases for aquaculture sustainability. CRISPR-Cas is cheaper, easier, and more precise than the other existing genome-editing technologies and can be used as a new disease treatment tool to solve the far-reaching challenges in aquaculture. This technique may now be employed in novel ways, such as modifying a single nucleotide base or tagging a location in the DNA with a fluorescent protein.
  • 679
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sustainability Potentials of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture
Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems integrate the cultivation of species from different trophic levels. Uneaten feed, solid wastes, and dissolved nutrients are turned into harvestable and healthy food, making IMTA a driver for ecologically sustainable aquaculture. Its wider sustainability potentials arise from social, environmental, and economic sustainability enhancement options. 
  • 675
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Impact of COVID-19 on Aquaculture and Fisheries Sectors
The aquaculture and fisheries sectors are critical sources of nutrition and employment generation in many developed and developing countries. Hence, any disruptions to these sectors due to the COVID-19 pandemic have a far-reaching impact, leading to a cascading chain of disorder affecting people’s food security and livelihoods. 
  • 653
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Control and Prevention Strategies of Vibrios in Asia
It is estimated that vibriosis account for about half of the economic losses in Asian fish culture. Consequently, the prevention and control of vibriosis is one of the priority research topics in the field of Asian fish culture disease. Relevant measures have been proposed to control some Vibrios that pose a threat to Asian fish culture, there are currently only a few effective vaccines available to combat these Vibrios.
  • 612
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Melatonin in Sperm Cryopreservation of Farm Animals
Cryopreservation is a technique that offers various advantages, especially in fish, among others, that makes the reproduction of species easier through a constant supply of sperm, synchronization of the gamete availability of both sexes, storage of semen for genetic improvement programs, reduction in the cost by eliminating the need to maintain male broodstock, and conserving the gametes of endangered species. However, freezing and warming procedures for cryopreservation lead to a reduction in the quality and viability of cryopreserved sperm because of oxidative stress.
  • 580
  • 30 Mar 2022
Topic Review
eDNA in Fish Disease
Organisms release their nucleic acid in the environment, including the DNA and RNA, which can be used to detect their presence. Environmental DNA (eDNA)/eRNA techniques are being used in different sectors to identify organisms from soil, water, air, and ice. The advancement in technology led to easier detection of different organisms without impacting the environment or the organism itself. These methods are being employed in different areas, including surveillance, history, and conservation. eDNA and eRNA methods are being extensively used in aquaculture and fisheries settings to understand the presence of different fish species and pathogens in water. 
  • 570
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Lamiaceae as Feed Additives in Fish Aquaculture
Aquaculture products represent an important source of high-quality animal proteins, as well as essential macro- and micronutrients. The growing demand for fish, both salty and freshwater, has prompted the aquaculture industry to adopt intensive and even ultra-intensive farming systems to increase productivity. However, intensive practices are responsible for numerous problems, such as poor water quality, overcrowding, high temperature, and poor nutrition, that contribute to lowering the growth performances of fish health and immune competence, with consequently increased stress and high susceptibility to diseases. Although aquaculture plays an important role today, it is a sector that must overcome numerous challenges that hinder its expansion, such as the spreading of infectious diseases, fish health problems, and consequent economic damage.
  • 551
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
The Application of Potassium Diformate in Aquaculture
Potassium diformate (KDF) is an organic acid salt. It is a dimer formed through hydrogen bonding between one molecule of formic acid and one molecule of potassium formate. The chemical formula of KDF is HCOOH·HCOOK, with a molecular weight of 130.14. It is a white or slightly yellow crystalline powder with no discernible pungent odor. KDF dissolves in water and exhibits a pronounced hygroscopic nature. Its aqueous solution is acidic and remains stable under acidic conditions, while it decomposes into formate and formic acid under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions. Compared with formic acid, KDF overcomes the irritability, corrosiveness, and instability of formic acid. Therefore, KDF is a more suitable additive in feed, providing a safer and more stable solution in maintaining the balance of microbial communities in aquatic animals.
  • 529
  • 07 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Impacts of Microbial Metabolites on Fishery Products
Biopreservative bacteria, or their metabolites, compete with the undesirable microbiota and dominate the microbiota by utilizing available nutrients. Microbial metabolites (bacteriocins, reuterin, pediocin, lacticin, bacteriophage, organic acids and others) possess antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, including anti-listeria.
  • 494
  • 27 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Insects for Sustainable Aquaculture
One of the greatest challenges to achieving a sustainable aquaculture is finding alternatives to fishmeal as a primary protein source in aquafeeds. Insects represent one of the most promising alternatives being explored and produced as replacements for this ingredient.
  • 464
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Cytokines in Carp in Response to Important Diseases
Cytokines belong to the most widely studied group of intracellular molecules involved in the function of the immune system. Their secretion is induced by various infectious stimuli. Cytokine release by host cells has been extensively used as a powerful tool for studying immune reactions in the early stages of viral and bacterial infections. Recently, research attention has shifted to the investigation of cytokine responses using mRNA expression, an essential mechanism related to pathogenic and nonpathogenic-immune stimulants in fish. 
  • 424
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Swimbladder Function in Yellow Eels
Eels use the swimbladder for buoyancy control. The ductus pneumaticus connecting the esophagus with the swimbladder is closed soon after initial opening of the swimbladder in the glass eel stage, so that eels are functionally physoclist. Subsequent filling of the swimbladder is achieved by activity of gas gland cells in the swimbladder epithelium and countercurrent concentration in the rete mirabile.
  • 413
  • 27 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Dietary Microalgae on Fish Health and Fillet Quality
An increase in the consumption of food fish, combined with a decrease in the harvest of fish, is driving the aquaculture industry at a fast pace. In parallel with the growth in the aquaculture sector and resulting stresses, the prevalence of diseases in farmed fish can increase.
  • 408
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Enhanced Digestibility and Nutrient Utilization with Chitinase
The aquaculture industry is looking for sustainable alternatives to conventional fish meals in fish feed, and insect-based meals are proving to be a promising solution. These meals are nutritionally optimal as they have a high protein content and an ideal amino acid profile. However, the presence of chitin, a component of the insect exoskeleton in these meals presents both an opportunity and a challenge. Chitosan, a derivative of chitin, is known to improve the physiological functions of fish, including growth, immunity, and disease resistance. While chitin and its derivative chitosan offer several physiological benefits, their presence can affect the digestibility of feed in some fish species, making the inclusion of insect-based meals in aquafeeds complex. Chitinase, an enzyme that breaks down chitin, is being investigated as a potential solution to improve the nutritional value of insect meals in aquafeed.
  • 334
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Imaging Techniques Used in Fish Bioimages
Detecting skeletal or bone-related deformities in model and aquaculture fish is vital for numerous biomedical studies. In biomedical research, model fish with bone-related disorders are potential indicators of various chemically induced toxins in their environment or poor dietary conditions. In aquaculture, skeletal deformities are affecting fish health, and economic losses are incurred by fish farmers. 
  • 300
  • 09 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Surimi: Demersal Fish Stock Assessment Insights
Demersal fish stock assessment is crucial for the surimi industry's sustainability, offering insights into population dynamics and preventing overexploitation. Methods like the Length-based Spawning Potential Ratio (LBSPR) provide valuable data on fish reproductive potential, aiding sustainable fisheries management. Overcoming challenges in data collection and promoting interdisciplinary research are key to effective conservation strategies, ensuring long-term viability for both the environment and the economy.
  • 282
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
Salmonids' Immune Response to Myxozoan Parasite Myxobolus cerebralis
Salmonids are affected by the economically significant whirling disease (WD) caused by the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus cerebralis. In the past, it was endemic to Eurasia, but it has now spread to different regions of North America, Europe, New Zealand, and South Africa. Among salmonids, rainbow trout is considered the most highly susceptible host. Upon entering to the host’s body, the parasite invades the spine and cranium, resulting in whirling behaviour, a blackened tail, and destruction of cartilage. The disease is characterized by the infiltration of numerous inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes and macrophages, with the onset of fibrous tissue infiltration.
  • 217
  • 01 Mar 2024
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