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Topic Review
Virtual Reality and Its Influence on Brain Health
Dynamic technological development and its enormous impact on modern societies are posing new challenges for 21st-century neuroscience. A special place is occupied by technologies based on virtual reality (VR). VR tools have already played a significant role in both basic and clinical neuroscience due to their high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity and, above all, high ecological value. Being in a digital world affects the functioning of the body as a whole and its individual systems. The data obtained so far, both from experimental and modeling studies, as well as (clinical) observations, indicate their great and promising potential, but apart from the benefits, there are also losses and negative consequences for users.
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
COVID-19 and Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance first identified during pregnancy and usually resolving after birth. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a growing interest in the association between GDM and COVID-19.
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
World-Renowned “Swiss” Pediatricians
The early and correct recognition of rare pediatric diseases is essential for decisions related to treatment options, the monitoring of treatment results, and the prevention of complications, as well as the estimation of prognosis and the counselling of patients, parents, and caregivers, including a risk estimation for recurrence in future pregnancies.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Research of Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative dementia, affecting two-thirds of individuals with cognitive decline worldwide. Several links between vascular risk factors (VRF), neurovascular unit dysfunction (NVUd), blood-brain barrier breakdown (BBBb) and AD onset and progression in adulthood, suggesting a pathogenetic continuum between AD and vascular dementia. Shared pathways between AD, VRF, and NVUd/BBBb have also been found at the molecular level, underlining the strength of this association.
  • 1.0K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Pollution, Inflammation, and Vaccines
Different environmental pollutants can have different effects on the immune system, which can then promote complex pathologies, such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. The interaction with the microbiota also further helps to determine the consequences of contamination on wellbeing. The pollution can affect vaccination efficacy, given the widespread effects of vaccination on immunity. At the same time, some vaccinations also can exert protective effects against some forms of pollution. 
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Skin Wound Management
Etiologically, the skin wounds could be classified as acute, chronic, or malignant wounds. In general, an ordered and normal wound healing process happens after acute wounds. On the contrary, chronic wounds are characterized by prolonged inflammatory phase, sustained infection, and the generation of drug-resistance microbial biofilms, leading to an impaired wound healing cascade.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Jun 2021
Topic Review
People Feel about Robot-Assisted Surgery
The goal of the entry was to establish the factors that influence how people feel about having a medical operation performed on them by a robot. 
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Influence of Sunshine Exposure on Public Mental Health
External environments, including natural sunlight, have a significant impact on public mental health. The results showed that exposure to sunlight, spending leisure time in green spaces, and physical activity each had a positive impact on people’s mental health, including depression, anxiety, and stress states. Specifically, moderate physical activity in an external environment with sunlight exposure or green space was found to be an important factor. 
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Mar 2022
Topic Review
West Nile Virus
West Nile fever (WNF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease that is transmitted from birds to humans and animals by mosquitoes. Humans may develop a severe disease, which sometimes can be fatal. At the end of the 20th century, the first outbreak of WNF among humans in an urban environment in Eastern Europa and the United States was reported. The epidemics were characterized by the neurological form of the disease with fatal outcomes. WNF spread is driven by location and time, which means nearby locations and periods have similar patterns. Recognition of patterns of spread of disease is crucial for mitigation of disease and prevention. Regression analysis of the predictors of the infection and spatiotemporal analysis enables the detection of risk factors and measurement of their association with West Nile virus infection in humans and animals.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Hesitancy
The underlying factors of vaccine hesitancy are complex and context-specific, varying across time and socio-demographic variables. Vaccine hesitancy can also be influenced by other factors such as health inequalities, socioeconomic disadvantages, systemic racism, and level of exposure to misinformation online, with some factors being more dominant in certain countries than others. Therefore, strategies tailored to cultures and socio-psychological factors need to be developed to reduce vaccine hesitancy and aid informed decision-making. 
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Structure of Help-Seeking Barriers Scale
Despite the high prevalence of adverse health and trauma-related outcomes associated with intimate partner violence (IPV), help-seeking and service utilization among survivors is low. A mixed methods legitimation strategy of integration was employed to evaluate the construct validation evidence of the Barriers to Help-Seeking for Trauma (BHS-TR) scale in samples of IPV survivors. The merging of qualitative (n = 17) and quantitative (n = 137) data through a joint display analysis revealed the conceptual structure of Structural Barriers (Financial Concerns; Unavailable/Not Helpful; External Constraints; Inconvenience; Discrimination) and Internal Barriers (Reveals Weakness; Problem Management Beliefs; Frozen/Confused; Shame; Mistrust/Rejection; Safeguard Yourself). Moreover, the analysis showed mainly complementarity findings, strengthening the BHS-TR scale’s overall trustworthiness and validity evidence.
  • 1.0K
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Deep Learning Aided Neuroimaging for Brain Monitoring
Deep learning has shown tremendous potential in the field of neuroimaging and brain regulation. Neuroimaging techniques such as MRI, CT, PET/CT, EEG/MEG, optical imaging, and other imaging modalities generate large amounts of comprehensive and complex data, which can be challenging to analyze and interpret. Deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and generative adversarial network (GAN) have been proven to be effective in extracting meaningful information from these data and transforming the neuroimaging from qualitative to quantitative imaging modality. The aforementioned information is merged with additional patient data and processed using advanced bioinformatics software to create models that could potentially enhance the accuracy in the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction for brain monitoring and regulation.
  • 1.0K
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Evaluation of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are epithelial neoplasms that arise from cells of the endocrine and nervous systems, with distinctive differentiation, and could occur in the various organ but more frequently from the gastrointestinal tract, followed by the lung. GEP-NENs are NENs occurring at various anatomical sites of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, and they comprise a heterogeneous group of epithelial neoplasms with a wide range of aggressiveness. Imaging acts as a major role in evaluating NENs. These include detecting, staging, evaluating the response, and prognosis.
  • 997
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Detection Techniques of SARS-CoV-2
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, also known as the disease-causing agent for COVID-19, is a virulent pathogen that may infect people and certain animals. The global spread of COVID-19 and its emerging variation necessitates the development of rapid, reliable, simple, and low-cost diagnostic tools. Many methodologies and devices have been developed for the highly sensitive, selective, cost-effective, and rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. The diagnosis platforms into four groups: imaging, molecular-based detection, serological testing, and biosensors was organized. Each platform’s principle, advancement, utilization, and challenges for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 are discussed in detail. In addition, an overview of the impact of variants on detection, commercially available kits, and readout signal analysis has been presented. This would expand our understanding of developing advanced diagnostic approaches to evolve into susceptible, precise, and reproducible technologies to combat any future outbreak.
  • 996
  • 30 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Tongue Contour Tracking Techniques in Ultrasound Images
Lingual ultrasound imaging is essential in linguistic research and speech recognition. It has been used widely in different applications as visual feedback to enhance language learning for non-native speakers, study speech-related disorders and remediation, articulation research and analysis, swallowing study, tongue 3D modelling, and silent speech interface. Tongue tracking using machine learning-based techniques is superior to traditional techniques, considering the performance and algorithm generalization ability. Meanwhile, traditional techniques are helpful for implementing interactive image segmentation to extract valuable features during training and postprocessing. 
  • 994
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Endometrial Receptivity Array
Successful outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) rely on both the formation of a chromosomally normal embryo and its implantation in a receptive endometrium. Pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) has been widely accepted as a tool to assess the viability of an embryo. In 2011, the endometrial receptivity array (ERA) was first published as a tool to determine when the endometrium is most receptive to an embryo, commonly referred to as the “window of implantation” (WOI). The ERA uses molecular arrays to assess proliferation and differentiation in the endometrium and screens for inflammatory markers. Unlike PGT-A, there has been dissent within the field concerning the efficacy of the ERA. 
  • 994
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Tuberculosis in the Elderly
The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is most prevalent in the elderly, and there is a progressive increase in the notification rate with age. Most cases of TB in the elderly are linked to the reactivation of lesions that have remained dormant. The awakening of these lesions is attributable to changes in the immune system related to senescence. The mortality rate from tuberculosis remains higher in elderly patients. Symptoms of active TB are nonspecific and less pronounced in the elderly. Diagnostic difficulties in the elderly are common in many diseases but it is important to use all possible techniques to make a microbiological diagnosis. Recognising frailty to prevent loss of independence is a major challenge in dealing with the therapeutic aspects of elderly patients. Several studies report contrasting data about poorer tolerance of TB drugs in this population. Adherence to antituberculosis treatment is a fundamental issue for the outcome of treatment. Decreased completeness of treatment was shown in older people as well as a higher risk of treatment failure. 
  • 992
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
The Corona Dashboard in Context (‘Dutchboard’)
The core corona dashboard depicts quantitative data—systemically decomposed—on key facts of the space and time spread of COVID-19 cases. There are three context-specific factors that determine the trajectory of the spread of the corona virus: (i) the degree of vaccination intensity in a given country; (ii) the policy stringency in coping with the virus; (iii) the degree of intensity of social contacts. 
  • 992
  • 04 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Indolepropionic Acid and Risk of T2DM & NAFLD
Gut-derived metabolites such as indolepropionic acid (IPA) are known to paly an important contribution in the development of metabolic diseases. The source of IPA depends on the dietary tryptophan intake, especially fiber, and presence of specific bacterial species in the human gut. In the present narrative review we elaborate on the role of IPA in type 2 diabetes (T2D) as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Researchers further explored the association of IPA with well known T2D-genetic variants and IPA-linked mechanisms affecting glucose metabolism and liver fibrosis.
  • 992
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans is the second most prevalent agent of cryptococcosis in central Europe. Infections mostly present with localized skin and disseminated infections. Clinical isolates of C. neoformans var. neoformans present a substantial phenotypic variability. Median survival of G. mellonella varied between 6 and 14 days. C. neoformans var. neoformans isolates from disseminated infections showed stronger melanization and larger capsules.
  • 991
  • 25 Feb 2022
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