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Topic Review
Ultra-Processed Food Availability
UPF are described as “processed ingredients typically combined with the sophisticated use of additives to make them edible, palatable and habit forming”.
  • 1.0K
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19 Vaccine Candidates
COVID-19 vaccines are indispensable, with the number of cases and mortality still rising, and currently no medicines are routinely available for reducing morbidity and mortality, apart from dexamethasone, although others are being trialed and launched. 
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Diagnosis Application of MINI and BERT
Researchers propose a mental health diagnosis application for Arabic-speaking patients using both The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the supervised machine learning BERT model to equip the psychiatry department of the Military Hospital of Instruction of Tunis with a rapid and intelligent tool handling the high number of patients treated every day.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Parent–Child Interactions in Deafness Children
Despite early identification and advancements in cochlear implant and hearing aid technology, delays in language skills in deaf children continue to exist. Good-quality parent–child interaction (PCI) is a key predictor for the successful development of deaf children’s signed and/or spoken language. As good-quality PCI is widely acknowledged to be significant for child language development in deaf children, then we must have the necessary tools to assess it. This review answers three questions: Which parent behaviours are assessed in PCI? How are they assessed? And which parent interaction behaviours are positively correlated with deaf children's language skills?
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Sep 2021
Topic Review
West Nile Virus
West Nile fever (WNF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease that is transmitted from birds to humans and animals by mosquitoes. Humans may develop a severe disease, which sometimes can be fatal. At the end of the 20th century, the first outbreak of WNF among humans in an urban environment in Eastern Europa and the United States was reported. The epidemics were characterized by the neurological form of the disease with fatal outcomes. WNF spread is driven by location and time, which means nearby locations and periods have similar patterns. Recognition of patterns of spread of disease is crucial for mitigation of disease and prevention. Regression analysis of the predictors of the infection and spatiotemporal analysis enables the detection of risk factors and measurement of their association with West Nile virus infection in humans and animals.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Blockchain Technology in Healthcare
Blockchain technology, a distributed ledger based on peer to peer networks, has been gaining high popularity in healthcare.
  • 1.0K
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Unlocking the Potential of Fish to Improve Food
Approximately one-third of the global population suffering from chronic hunger are in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In addition to high prevalence of chronic hunger, millions of people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Meanwhile, there is growing consensus across scientific disciplines concurring that fish plays a crucial role in improving food and nutrition security.
  • 1.0K
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Facilitating Healthier Eating at Restaurants
Restaurants are understudied yet increasingly important food environment institutions for tackling diet-related diseases. This scoping review analyzes research and gray literature (n = 171 records) to assess which healthy eating promotion strategies have been implemented in restaurants and the associated motivations, barriers, and outcomes, compared by restaurant type (corporate/chain vs. independently owned restaurants) and initiator (restaurant-initiated vs. investigator-initiated). We found that the most commonly reported strategy was the increase of generally healthy offerings and the promotion of such offerings. Changes in food availability were more common among corporate restaurants and initiated by restaurants, while environmental facilitators were more commonly initiated by investigators and associated with independently owned restaurants. Aside from those associated with revenue, motivations and barriers for healthy eating promoting strategies varied by restaurant type. While corporate restaurants were also motivated by public health criticism, independently owned restaurants were motivated by interests to improve community health. Revenue concerns were followed by food sourcing issues in corporate restaurants and lack of interest among independently owned restaurants. Among reporting sources, most outcomes were revenue positive. This study shows the need for practice-based evidence and accounting for restaurant business models to tailor interventions and policies for sustained positive changes in these establishments.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
PCN in Malignancy-Associated Ureteric Obstruction
Malignant ureteric obstruction occurs in a variety of cancers and has been typically associated with a poor prognosis. Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) can potentially help increase patient longevity by establishing urinary drainage and treating renal failure. PCN is to put a small tube through a kidney to drain urine.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Tuberculosis in the Elderly
The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is most prevalent in the elderly, and there is a progressive increase in the notification rate with age. Most cases of TB in the elderly are linked to the reactivation of lesions that have remained dormant. The awakening of these lesions is attributable to changes in the immune system related to senescence. The mortality rate from tuberculosis remains higher in elderly patients. Symptoms of active TB are nonspecific and less pronounced in the elderly. Diagnostic difficulties in the elderly are common in many diseases but it is important to use all possible techniques to make a microbiological diagnosis. Recognising frailty to prevent loss of independence is a major challenge in dealing with the therapeutic aspects of elderly patients. Several studies report contrasting data about poorer tolerance of TB drugs in this population. Adherence to antituberculosis treatment is a fundamental issue for the outcome of treatment. Decreased completeness of treatment was shown in older people as well as a higher risk of treatment failure. 
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Improving Clinical Outcomes by Maintaining Vitamin D Sufficiency
Treatment of vitamin D deficiency costs less than 0.01% of one-day hospitalization. Despite cost-benefits, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency remains high worldwide. This was vivid among those who died from COVID-19—most had vitamin D deficiency. Yet, the lack of direction to use vitamin D as an adjunct therapy from health agencies was astonishing. Data confirmed that keeping an individual’s serum 25(OH)D concentrations above 50 ng/mL (125 nmol/L) (and above 40 ng/mL in the population) reduces risks from community outbreaks and autoimmune disorders. Maintaining such concentrations in 97.5% of people is achievable through daily safe sun exposure (except in countries far from the equator during winter) or taking between 5,000 and 8,000 IU vitamin D supplements daily (average, ~70 to 90 IU/kg body weight). Those with gastrointestinal malabsorption, obesity, or on medications that increase catabolism of vitamin D and a few specific disorders require much higher intake. The text evaluates the doses and administration of vitamin D necessary for better clinical outcomes regarding disease prevention and treatment. 
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Pro-Inflammatory Profile of Adipokines in Obesity
Obesity is a disease which leads to the development of many other disorders. Excessive accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue (AT) leads to metabolic changes, including hypertrophy of adipocytes, macrophage migration, changes in the composition of immune cells, and impaired secretion of adipokines. Adipokines are cytokines produced by AT and greatly influence human health.
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Deep Learning Aided Neuroimaging for Brain Monitoring
Deep learning has shown tremendous potential in the field of neuroimaging and brain regulation. Neuroimaging techniques such as MRI, CT, PET/CT, EEG/MEG, optical imaging, and other imaging modalities generate large amounts of comprehensive and complex data, which can be challenging to analyze and interpret. Deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and generative adversarial network (GAN) have been proven to be effective in extracting meaningful information from these data and transforming the neuroimaging from qualitative to quantitative imaging modality. The aforementioned information is merged with additional patient data and processed using advanced bioinformatics software to create models that could potentially enhance the accuracy in the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction for brain monitoring and regulation.
  • 1.0K
  • 07 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Spiritual Needs in Post-Secular Contexts
It was found that it can be challenging to incorporate spiritual care in daily practice, not least in post-secular, culturally entwined, and pluralist contexts.
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Root Canal Irrigation Methods
According to contemporary dental standards, the primary goal of endodontic therapy is the chemo-mechanical cleaning of the complex root canal system. Watering root canals with approved solutions and activating them are essential parts of this operation.
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Pollution, Inflammation, and Vaccines
Different environmental pollutants can have different effects on the immune system, which can then promote complex pathologies, such as autoimmune disorders and cancer. The interaction with the microbiota also further helps to determine the consequences of contamination on wellbeing. The pollution can affect vaccination efficacy, given the widespread effects of vaccination on immunity. At the same time, some vaccinations also can exert protective effects against some forms of pollution. 
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Skin Wound Management
Etiologically, the skin wounds could be classified as acute, chronic, or malignant wounds. In general, an ordered and normal wound healing process happens after acute wounds. On the contrary, chronic wounds are characterized by prolonged inflammatory phase, sustained infection, and the generation of drug-resistance microbial biofilms, leading to an impaired wound healing cascade.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Microneedle-Based Glucose Sensor Platform
Significant advanced have been made in exploiting microneedle-based (MN-based) diabetes devices for minimally invasive wearable biosensors and for continuous glucose monitoring. Within this emerging class of skin-worn MN-based sensors, the ISF can be utilized as a rich biomarker source to diagnose diabetes. While initial work of MN devices focused on ISF extraction, the research trend has been oriented toward developing in vivo glucose sensors coupled with optical or electrochemical (EC) instrumentation.
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Influence of Sunshine Exposure on Public Mental Health
External environments, including natural sunlight, have a significant impact on public mental health. The results showed that exposure to sunlight, spending leisure time in green spaces, and physical activity each had a positive impact on people’s mental health, including depression, anxiety, and stress states. Specifically, moderate physical activity in an external environment with sunlight exposure or green space was found to be an important factor. 
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Tongue Contour Tracking Techniques in Ultrasound Images
Lingual ultrasound imaging is essential in linguistic research and speech recognition. It has been used widely in different applications as visual feedback to enhance language learning for non-native speakers, study speech-related disorders and remediation, articulation research and analysis, swallowing study, tongue 3D modelling, and silent speech interface. Tongue tracking using machine learning-based techniques is superior to traditional techniques, considering the performance and algorithm generalization ability. Meanwhile, traditional techniques are helpful for implementing interactive image segmentation to extract valuable features during training and postprocessing. 
  • 1.0K
  • 08 Dec 2022
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