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Topic Review
Pavement Management for a Life Cycle Cost Analysis
As the Framework Act on Sustainable Infrastructure Management has recently been enacted in Korea, it has become mandatory to establish a medium-and long-term plan for managing social infrastructure and evaluating the feasibility of maintenance projects. Road agencies are experiencing problems due to a lack of deterioration models which are essential to conducting a life cycle cost analysis.  The deterioration model subdivided pavement materials into asphalt, conventional concrete, and latex-modified concrete.
  • 975
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Heat Transfer and Bearing Characteristics
Energy piles are commonly frictional piles that are subject to lateral frictional resistance and tip resistance balanced with external forces. To simplify the model, an energy pile is usually assumed to be a rod that deforms thermally. Energy piles are subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses simultaneously.
  • 969
  • 15 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Empathic Design for Community Resilience
Empathic design, which is the outcome of embedding the empathic approach in community resilience, will meet all four critical features of any models which are supposed to satisfy both physical resilience and humanistic considerations. It holds that in addition to the technical knowledge, engineers have to care about the humanistic side of the engineering process as well. Empathic design refers to a design in which the designers, as well as the technical specifications, consider the humanistic aspects of the system in virtue of three types of empathy, namely, cognitive, affective, and conative. The empathic design brings about an inclusive and effective community resilience approach that is human-centric, individual and communal sensitive, justice-oriented, and value-based consistent.  
  • 965
  • 06 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Sustainable Road Safety in Saudi Arabia
Understanding the causes and effects of road accidents is critical for developing road and action plans in a country. The causation hypothesis elucidates how accidents occur and may be applied to accident analysis to more precisely anticipate, prevent, and manage road safety programs. Driving behavior is a critical factor to consider when determining the causes of traffic accidents. Inappropriate driving behaviors are a set of acts taken on the roadway that can result in aberrant conditions that may result in road accidents.
  • 960
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review
Road Networks during Mega Sport Events
Hosting a successful Mega Sport Event (MSE) such as the FIFA World Cup (WC) is a formidable expedition, especially under adverse challenges such as climate change and rapid urbanization. Today, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities, and experts expect this number to reach two-thirds of the world’s population by 2050. This accelerated urbanization trend has led to capital concentration in cities, converting them into development hubs. However, in many cases, ill-planned expansions increased loads on infrastructure and caused degradation in service quality. At the same time, political tensions and climate change have increased the rate, intensities, and impacts of disasters in recent years, adding more loads on the infrastructure systems. These challenges have caused a paradigm shift in design mentality and fueled the research in infrastructure resiliency in the past decade. Hosting a successful MSE with tremendous popularity, such as the WC, is an important milestone in any nation’s history and a testimony to its capabilities and development. However, a critical factor in organizing a successful event of such a scale is a robust and efficient transportation network that can accommodate the influx of a huge number of fans and preserve functionality under perplexing and unpredictable threats; in other words, a resilient transportation system is required.
  • 956
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Mathematical Model of Short Links in Steel Buildings
The rapid growth of using the short links in steel buildings due to their high shear strength and rotational capacity attracts the attention of structural engineers to investigate the performance of short links. However, insignificant attention has been oriented to efficiently developing a comprehensive model to forecast the shear strength of short links, which is expected to enhance the steel structures’ constructability. 
  • 948
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
The Use of Waste Polymers in Asphalt Mixtures
Asphalt is widely employed in road construction due to its durability and ability to withstand heavy traffic. However, the disposal of waste polymers has emerged as a significant environmental concern. Recently, researchers have used polymer waste to modify asphalt pavements as a new approach. This approach aims to improve pavement performance and address the environmental concerns of polymer waste. Researchers have demonstrated that incorporating polymeric waste into asphalt mixtures can lead to performance improvements in asphalt pavements, particularly in mitigating common distresses including permanent deformation and thermal and fatigue cracking.
  • 944
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Prevention through Design Concept in Integrated Project Delivery
The Prevention through Design (PtD) concept has been widely used to mitigate potential safety and health hazards and minimize residual risks during the early design phase. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) prioritizes project-wide collaboration and coordination; therefore, the importance of PtD has been widely recognized. There are still neglected issues pertaining to the implementation of the PtD concept from the architectural perspective.
  • 943
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Recovery of Architectural Heritage
Rey Prendes House is representative of one hundred and forty-five houses made of wood, stamped steel sheet, and deployé that are located in the historical center of San Salvador. Its origin is linked to historical events, such as the strong migration of foreigners to El Salvador in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the presidential decrees that encouraged the reconstruction of the city with anti-seismic materials as a result of the earthquakes of 1873 and 1917. More recently, since 2017, Rey Prendes House has been included in the project funded by the Italian Agency for Development Cooperation. The phases of the survey are documented with both materials and degradation analyses, the new design construction with BIM technology for the organization of the educational construction site, the creation of offices and laboratories for restoration and treatments of timber and metal details. 
  • 942
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Engineering Applications of Optimal Sensor Placement for SHM
Structural health monitoring (SHM) is critical to maintaining safe and reliable civil infrastructure, but the optimal design of an SHM sensing system, i.e., optimal sensor placement (OSP), remains a complex challenge.
  • 942
  • 08 Jan 2024
Topic Review
A Safe Infrastructure for Micromobility
Major cities in Europe have seen a significant increase in micromobility infrastructure, including cycling infrastructure, with 42 European Metropolitan cities implementing 1421.54 km of cycling infrastructure in a year. However, the design principles for bikeways primarily rely on conventional road design for bicycles and lack consistency in accommodating emerging powered micromobility devices like e-scooters.
  • 935
  • 31 Jul 2023
Topic Review
E-Health Practices and Technologies
E-health can be defined as a set of technologies applied with the help of the internet, in which healthcare services are provided to improve quality of life and facilitate healthcare delivery.
  • 928
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Pedestrian Crosswalk Detection with Faster R-CNN and YOLOv7
Object detection techniques and object detection using deep neural networks are developing fields. Faster R-CNN (R101-FPN and X101-FPN) and YOLOv7 network models were used in the analytical process of a dataset collected. Based on the detection performance comparison between both models, YOLOv7 accuracy was 98.6%, while the accuracy for Faster R-CNN was 98.29%.
  • 927
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Automatic Road Boundary and Linear Road Marking Extraction
Advancements in data-acquisition technology have led to the increasing demand for high-precision road data for autonomous driving. Specifically, road boundaries and linear road markings, like edge and lane markings, provide fundamental guidance for various applications. Unfortunately, their extraction usually requires labor-intensive manual work, and the automatic extraction, which can be applied universally for diverse curved road types, presents a challenge.
  • 925
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Seismic Performance of Story-Added Type Buildings Remodeled
The infrastructure of old apartment buildings (>20 years old) makes it difficult to introduce convenient facilities and recent technologies such as those involving the Internet of Things and augmented realities. Applying housing technologies to existing older apartments can increase housing supply and potentially address the aforementioned issues.
  • 922
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Urban Flood Runoff Modeling in Japan
Since the 20th century, Japan has experienced a period of very rapid urbanization. Cities have experienced substantial densification and expansion, resulting in gradually elevated flood risk. Urban flooding has also occurred in most large cities in Japan, particularly in Tokyo. In response to this growing problem, much effort and resources have been spent on research and development aimed at understanding, simulating, and managing urban flood risk in Japan.
  • 922
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Food, Emotions and Behaviour Change
Behaviour change techniques are considered effective means for changing behaviour, and with an increase in their use, the interest in their exact working principles has also expanded. This information is required to make informed choices about when to apply which technique. Computational models that describe human behaviour can be helpful for this. In this paper, a few behaviour change techniques have been connected with a computational model of emotion and desire regulation. Simulations have been performed to illustrate the effect of the techniques. The results demonstrate the working mechanisms and feasibility of the techniques used in the model.
  • 921
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Benefits and Ecosystem Services Provided by Green Roofs
Water-sensitive urban design (WSUD) strategies have been widely used in cities to mitigate the negative consequences of rapid urbanization and climate change. Whilst WSUD is a popular term in Australia and a few other countries, blue-green infrastructure (BGI) is also a commonly used term. Green roofs (GR) have been regarded as a promising BGI strategy to deal with these globally growing concerns of urbanization and climate change. This BGI strategy, sometimes called a living roof or vegetated roof, offers a wide range of environmental, social, and economic benefits compared to conventional roofs (CRs). The stormwater management and the mitigation of heat-related issues are the two primary GR benefits that have attracted the attention of researchers the most. Additionally, GR is capable of reducing energy consumption, improving air and runoff quality, and alleviating noise pollution.
  • 910
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Mechanical Properties Decay of Corroded Reinforcement in Concrete
Among the leading consequences of corrosion in reinforced concrete structures (RCS) the cross section reduction in steel bars should be mentioned, coupled to a decay of their mechanical material properties. Researchers recalls the main literature findings on the topic and describes a wide collected database of experimental tensile tests performed on naturally corroded reinforcements. The principal predictive degradation laws available in the scientific literature to assess the residual mechanical properties of the corroded reinforcements are synthesized. A first attempt to evaluate the reliability of the literature decay laws to simulate the mechanical performance of naturally corroded steel reinforcement subjected to both uniform and pitting corrosion is performed. Finally, some remarks are suggested on both the tested naturally corroded steel reinforcement and the available degradation laws.
  • 907
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
The Role of Moisture in Alkali–Silica Reaction
Moisture is an important factor for ASR and its availability in concrete has often been appraised with the aid of relative humidity (RH). Its sufficiency leads to improved kinetics and higher ultimate ASR-induced expansion. Numerous RH thresholds have been reported to be required to initiate and sustain the reaction. the tests from which the thresholds has been reported differ in terms of the temperature, sample size, reactivity level of aggregates and aggregate type (Fine versus Coarse). All of these factors can be hypothesized to influence the role of moisture in the reaction.
  • 901
  • 04 Jan 2024
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