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Topic Review
HDPSCs-Based Neuroregeneration Therapies
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are some of the most promising stem cell types for regenerative therapies given their high ability differentiate to neural and vascular lineage cells, their growth in animal serum-free media, their secretion of neuroprotective factors and extracellular vesicles, their high resistance to hypoxia/ischemia, their immunomodulatory properties, and their wide range of possibilities to be used in autologous grafts.
  • 911
  • 15 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Cell Culture Model in Lung Cancer
2D cell culture provides valuable information on how therapeutic agents act on tumor cells, it cannot quantify how the tumor microenvironment influences the response to therapy.
  • 911
  • 23 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Marine-derived 1,3-Oxazole-Containing Alkaloids
1,3-Oxazole compounds are a unique class of five-membered monocyclic heteroarenes, containing a nitrogen atom and an oxygen. These alkaloids have attracted extensive attention from medicinal chemists and pharmacologists owing to their diverse arrays of chemical structures and biological activities, and a series of 1,3-oxazole derivatives has been developed into therapeutic agents, such as almoxatone, befloxatone, cabotegravir, delpazolid, fenpipalone, haloxazolam, inavolisib. 
  • 910
  • 29 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Clinical Trials of Stem Cell Therapy in Japan
Stem cell therapy is a current world-wide topic in medical science. Various therapies have been approved based on their effectiveness and put into practical use. In Japan, research and development-related stem cell therapy, generally referred to as regenerative medicine, has been led by the government.
  • 910
  • 15 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency-Classification, Microbiology Association, and Treatment
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is produced by a defect in the functions and/or numbers of the immune cells (T and B cells). It manifests early in life. It can be fatal if it is left untreated. Numerous microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites cause infectious diseases as pneumonia, meningitis, skin infections, gastrointestinal and many others. Stem cell transplantation at early age is the definitive treatment of choice and can cure the disease. Other treatment includes the use of antimicrobials, enzyme-replacement therapy and gene therapy.
  • 910
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Clinical Applications of Shock Wave
Shock Waves (SW) are acoustic disturbances that propagate through a medium carrying the energy. These specific sonic pulses are composed of two phases—high positive pressure, a rise time < 10 ns, and a tensile wave. 
  • 909
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Nrf2 Pathway in Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Diseases
Cerebrovascular disease is highly prevalent and has a complex etiology and variable pathophysiological activities. It thus poses a serious threat to human life and health. Many studies have found some effects of oxidative stress and autophagy on cerebrovascular diseases. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) molecules, which are closely associated with oxidative stress, are discussed.
  • 909
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
CDI and IC
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has recently become a major healthcare-associated infection worldwide with great impact on healthcare systems as it evolves to a public health problem. The disease may develop due to multiple factors, including but not limited to different drugs usage, especially antibiotics and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), which interfere with intestinal flora promoting colonization and altering the immune status in particularly prone patients with inadequate nutritional status. Ischemic colitis (IC) results from diminished blood flow to the bowel wall and is the most frequently encountered type of intestinal ischemia. The ischemic injury can result in variable degree of colonic wall damage, ranging from superficial injury to full-thickness necrosis and perforation. IC mostly affects old female patients, and the clinical picture involves abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia.
  • 908
  • 20 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Intrahepatic Lymphatic System in Liver Cancer Prognosis
The prognostic impact of intrahepatic lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI) in liver cancer has rarely been reported. Researchers sought to clarify the prognostic impact of intrahepatic lymphatic system involvement in liver cancer. Tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis reportedly correlates with prognosis after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resection. A meta-analysis showed that overall survival was poorer in patients with positive LVI than with negative LVI after resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and colorectal liver metastasis. Lymphangiogenesis was also reported to predict unfavorable prognosis in ICC. A few reports showed correlations between LVI/lymphangiogenesis and LNM in liver cancer. LVI and lymphangiogenesis showed worse prognostic impacts for liver cancer than their absence, but further study is needed.
  • 907
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Various Adeno-Associated Viruses Serotypes in Gene Therapy
Depending on their serotype, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) can have specific tropism for specific organs and tissues of the body. There are different AAV serotypes that vary in many aspects. A variety of AAV features have made it an appealing viral vector candidate to be used in gene therapy applications. 
  • 907
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine
In recent decades, the biomedical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted increasing attention. MSCs are easily extracted from the bone marrow, fat, and synovium, and differentiate into various cell lineages according to the requirements of specific biomedical applications. As MSCs do not express significant histocompatibility complexes and immune stimulating molecules, they are not detected by immune surveillance and do not lead to graft rejection after transplantation. These properties make them competent biomedical candidates, especially in tissue engineering.
  • 906
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Heterocyclic Compounds as Hsp90 Inhibitors
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have garnered special attention in cancer therapy as molecular chaperones with regulatory/mediatory effects on folding, maintenance/stability, maturation, and conformation of proteins as well as their effects on prevention of protein aggregation. Hsp90 ensures the stability of various client proteins needed for the growth of cells or the survival of tumor cells; therefore, they are overexpressed in tumor cells and play key roles in carcinogenesis. Accordingly, Hsp90 inhibitors are recognized as attractive therapeutic agents for investigations pertaining to tumor suppression. Natural Hsp90 inhibitors comprising geldanamycin (GM), reclaimed analogs of GM including 17-AAG and DMAG, and radicicol, a natural macrocyclic antifungal, are among the first potent Hsp90 inhibitors.
  • 904
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Association between Microplastics and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the predominant cause of chronic liver injury; however, the mechanisms underlying its progression have not been fully elucidated. Pathophysiological studies have stated that NAFLD is significantly influenced by dietary and environmental factors that could participate in the development of NAFLD through different mechanisms. “Plastic pollution” is one of the most challenging environmental problems worldwide since several plastics have potential toxic or endocrine disputing properties. Specifically, the intake of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in water or diet and/or the inhalation from suspended particles is well established, and these particles have been found in human samples. Laboratory animals exposed to MPs develop inflammation, immunological responses, endocrine disruptions, and alterations in lipid and energy metabolism, among other disorders. MPs additives also demonstrated adverse reactions.  Adequate mitigation strategies worldwide, reducing environmental pollution and human exposure levels of MPs, could reduce the risk of NAFLD.
  • 904
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Leukocytes in Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis in characterized by pulmonary bacterial colonization and hyperinflammation. Lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells of patients with CF express functional CFTR and are directly affected by altered CFTR expression/function, impairing their ability to resolve infections and inflammation. However, the mechanism behind and the contribution of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of CF are still poorly characterized. 
  • 899
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Fas/CD95 Signaling Pathway in Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern-Sensing Receptors
Study of the initial steps of the CD95-mediated signaling pathways is a field of intense research and a long list of actors has been described in the literature. Nonetheless, the dynamism of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) occurring in the presence or absence of its natural ligand, CD95L, and the cellular distribution where these PPIs take place render it difficult to predict what will be the cellular outcome associated with the receptor engagement. Accordingly, CD95 stimulation can trigger apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, or pro-inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). Recent data suggest that CD95 can also activate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) known to sense damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as DNA debris and dead cells. This activation might contribute to the pro-inflammatory role of CD95 and favor cancer development or severity of chronic inflammatory and auto-immune disorders.
  • 898
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Eye Tracking Technology in Medicine
Eye tracking provides a quantitative measure of eye movements during different activities. We report the results from a bibliometric analysis to investigate trends in eye tracking research applied to the study of different medical conditions. We conducted a search on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) database and analyzed the dataset of 2456 retrieved articles using VOSviewer and the Bibliometrix R package. The most represented area was psychiatry (503, 20.5%) followed by neuroscience (465, 18.9%) and psychology developmental (337, 13.7%). The annual scientific production growth was 11.14% and showed exponential growth with three main peaks in 2011, 2015 and 2017. Extensive collaboration networks were identified between the three countries with the highest scientific production, the USA (35.3%), the UK (9.5%) and Germany (7.3%). Based on term co-occurrence maps and analyses of sources of articles, we identified autism spectrum disorders as the most investigated condition and conducted specific analyses on 638 articles related to this topic which showed an annual scientific production growth of 16.52%. The majority of studies focused on autism used eye tracking to investigate gaze patterns with regards to stimuli related to social interaction. Our analysis highlights the widespread and increasing use of eye tracking in the study of different neurological and psychiatric conditions. 
  • 897
  • 14 Nov 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19 Oral Particulate Vaccine
Particulate vaccines can be administered as either oral solutions or in sublingual or buccal film dosage forms. Besides improved patient compliance, the major advantage of oral, sublingual, and buccal routes of administration is that they can elicit mucosal immunity. Mucosal immunity, along with systemic immunity, can be a strong defense against SARS-CoV-2 as the virus enters the system through inhalation or saliva.
  • 896
  • 20 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Pharmacological Effects of Insects of the Family Blattidae
The insects of the family Blattidae have a long history of medicinal application, and some studies have demonstrated their antitumor, tissue repair, antibacterial, antiviral, and other pharmacological effects. The family Blattidae belongs to Arthropoda, Insecta, Pterygota, Blattariae in entomological taxonomy, which has existed on the earth for 320 million years. The species is extremely widely distributed throughout the world and can be found almost anywhere except the poles due to its high reproductive potential and adaptability. This family is well known for its role as a sanitary pest throughout the world.
  • 896
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Electrospun Coaxial Fibers
Electrospinning is a common method for fabricating drug-loaded fibers. The working fluid is gradually stretched into elongated solid fibers with the help of electrostatic force. Due to the influence of polymers, solvents, and other external conditions, the diameter of fibers usually varies from tens of nanometers to several micrometers. During this process, the drug is immobilized on the homogeneous fiber without destroying its own active molecular structure. Electrospun fibers have several advantages over other drug delivery systems. The high specific surface area of ​​fibers facilitates drug dissolution. The desired drug dissolution process can be tailored according to the composition and structure of the fibers, thereby manipulating the controlled dissolution of the drug.
  • 893
  • 04 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Antioxidant Intervention and Aging Brain
Both physiological and pathological aging processes induce brain alterations especially affecting the speed of processing, working memory, conceptual reasoning and executive functions. As aging is partly contributed by free radical reactions, it has been proposed that exogenous antioxidants could have a positive impact on both aging and its associated manifestations.
  • 893
  • 03 Jan 2023
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