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Topic Review
Yoga Using Intelligent Internet of Things
The detection and monitoring of the yoga postures are possible with the Intelligent Internet of Things (IIoT), which is the integration of intelligent approaches (machine learning) and the Internet of Things (IoT). Considering the increment in yoga practitioners, the integration of IIoT and yoga has led to the successful implementation of IIoT-based yoga training systems.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Dielectrophoresis Studies on Protein Albumin
Research relating to dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been progressing rapidly through time as it is a strong and controllable technique for manipulation, separation, preconcentration, and partitioning of protein. Extensive studies have been carried out on protein DEP, especially on Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA).
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Micro-Arc Oxidation in Titanium and Its Alloys
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely recognized as preferred materials for bone implants due to their superior mechanical properties. However, their natural surface bio-inertness can hinder effective tissue integration. To address this challenge, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) has emerged as an innovative electrochemical surface modification technique. Its benefits range from operational simplicity and cost-effectiveness to environmental compatibility and scalability. Furthermore, the distinctive MAO process yields a porous topography that bestows versatile functionalities for biological applications, encompassing osteogenesis, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Gene Circuits for Cancer Immunotherapy
Engineered mammalian cells for medical purposes are becoming a clinically relevant reality thanks to advances in synthetic biology that allow enhanced reliability and safety of cell-based therapies. However, their application is still hampered by challenges including time-consuming design-and-test cycle iterations and costs. For example, in the field of cancer immunotherapy, CAR-T cells targeting CD19 have already been clinically approved to treat several types of leukemia, but their use in the context of solid tumors is still quite inefficient, with additional issues related to the adequate quality control for clinical use.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jan 2021
Topic Review
DynamiChain
The development of a dynamic consent medical blockchain system called DynamiChain, based on a ruleset management algorithm for handling health examination data.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Bone Hyperthermia Treatments: Temperature Monitoring
Bone metastases and osteoid osteoma (OO) have a high incidence in patients facing primary lesions in many organs. In this arena, hyperthermia treatments (HTs) have gaining momentum as valuable alternatives to traditional therapies owing to their minimally invasive nature, the success rate in tumor control and the immediate effect in pain relief affecting the majority of patients. Temperature monitoring during HTs may significantly improve the clinical outcomes since the amount of thermal injury depends on the tissue temperature and the exposure time. This is particularly relevant in bone tumors due to the adjacent vulnerable structures (e.g., spinal cord and nerve roots).
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Functional Nucleic-Acid Biosensors
According to the latest Global Cancer Statistics, there are about 19.3 million new cancer cases worldwide and nearly 10 million people died of cancer in 2020. As the largest threat to human life, the early detection of cancer is an effective way to reduce its mortality. In addition, heavy metal poisoning and biological toxins also seriously endanger human health, and their detection methods still have some shortcomings. Against this backdrop, biosensors have been developed by integrating modern biotechnology and advanced physical technology. Biosensors are devices that are used for the rapid and sensitive detection of substances at the molecular level. The basic unit of the biosensor includes the identification element, transducer and detector, etc. The components of organisms with molecular recognition capabilities or the organism itself can be used as recognition elements.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Micro-Nanotechnology Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Challenges
Micro- and nanotechnology-enabled sensors have made remarkable advancements in the fields of biomedicine and the environment, enabling the sensitive and selective detection and quantification of diverse analytes. In biomedicine, these sensors have facilitated disease diagnosis, drug discovery, and point-of-care devices. In environmental monitoring, they have played a crucial role in assessing air, water, and soil quality, as well as ensured food safety.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Homocysteine Solution-Induced Response in OECTs Devices
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-protein, sulfur-containing amino acid, which is recognized as a possible risk factor for coronary artery and other pathologies when its levels in the blood exceed the normal range of between 5 and 12 μmol/L (hyperhomocysteinemia). At present, standard procedures in laboratory medicine, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), are commonly employed for the quantitation of total Hcy (tHcy), i.e., the sum of the protein-bound (oxidized) and free (homocystine plus reduced Hcy) forms, in biological fluids (particularly, serum or plasma). Here, the response of Aerosol Jet-printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), in the presence of either reduced (free) and oxidized Hcy-based solutions, was analyzed. Two different experimental protocols were followed to this end: the former consisting of gold (Au) electrodes’ biothiol-induced thiolation, while the latter simply used bare platinum (Pt) electrodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis was performed both to validate the gold thiolation protocol and to gain insights into the reduced Hcy sensing mechanism by the Au-gated OECTs, which provided a final limit of detection (LoD) of 80 nM. For the OECT response based on Platinum gate electrodes, on the other hand, a LoD of 180 nM was found in the presence of albumin-bound Hcy, with this being the most abundant oxidized Hcy-form (i.e., the protein-bound form) in physiological fluids. Despite the lack of any biochemical functionalization supporting the response selectivity, the findings discussed in this work highlight the potential role of OECT in the development of low-cost point-of-care (POC) electronic platforms that are suitable for the evaluation, in humans, of Hcy levels within the physiological range and in cases of hyperhomocysteinemia.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Collagen in Airway Mechanics
Collagen is the most abundant airway extracellular matrix component and is the primary determinant of mechanical airway properties. Abnormal airway collagen deposition is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of airway disease.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Ultrasound-Induced Drug Release from Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels
Stimuli-responsive hydrogel drug delivery systems are designed to release a payload when prompted by an external stimulus. These platforms have become prominent in the field of drug delivery due to their ability to provide spatial and temporal control for drug release. Among the different external triggers that have been used, ultrasound possesses several advantages: it is non-invasive, has deep tissue penetration, and can safely transmit acoustic energy to a localized area.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Monitor Mental Health Conditions
Recently, there has been an increase in the production of devices to monitor mental health and stress as means for expediting detection, and subsequent management of these conditions. The objective of this review is to identify and critically appraise the most recent smart devices and wearable technologies used to identify depression, anxiety, and stress, and the physiological process(es) linked to their detection. 
  • 1.0K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Organ on Chip Technology to Cancer
Organ on chip (OOC) has emerged as a major technological breakthrough and distinct model system revolutionizing biomedical research and drug discovery by recapitulating the crucial structural and functional complexity of human organs in vitro. OOC are rapidly emerging as powerful tools for oncology research. Indeed, Cancer on chip (COC) can ideally reproduce certain key aspects of the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as biochemical gradients and niche factors, dynamic cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, and complex tissue structures composed of tumor and stromal cells.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Sperm Selection
Sperm selection is a clinical need for guided fertilization in men with low-quality semen. In this regard, microfluidics can provide an enabling platform for the precise manipulation and separation of high-quality sperm cells through applying various stimuli, including chemical agents, mechanical forces, and thermal gradients. In addition, microfluidic platforms can help to guide sperms and oocytes for controlled in vitro fertilization or sperm sorting using both passive and active methods.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Jun 2021
Topic Review
PET/CT Radiomics in Lung Cancer
Quantitative extraction of imaging features from medical scans (‘radiomics’) has become a major research topic in recent years. Numerous studies have emphasized the potential use of radiomics for computer-assisted diagnosis, as well as for predicting survival and response to treatment in patients with lung cancer. Furthermore, radiomics is appealing in that it enables full-field analysis of the lesion, provides nearly real-time results, and is non-invasive.
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Nanocomposites in Advanced Biomedical Applications
Nanomaterials have demonstrated a wide range of applications and recently, novel biomedical studies are devoted to improving the functionality and effectivity of traditional and unmodified systems, either drug carriers and common scaffolds for tissue engineering or advanced hydrogels for wound healing purposes.  Due to the high thermal stability and mechanical strength of Fe2O3, they have been combined with several polymers and employed for various nano-treatments for specific human diseases.
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Intelligent Hydrogels in Myocardial Engineering
Hydrogels are water-enriched polymeric biomaterials used as scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix and are employed in various tissue engineering applications. Interestingly, the hydrogels can be tuned by altering the functional groups of the parent polymeric backbone, resulting in structural rearrangements depending on the physiochemical alterations in the surrounding medium and forming intelligent/smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels. Myocardial infarction (MI) causes impaired cardiac function due to the loss of cardiomyocytes following an ischemic attack. Intelligent hydrogels offer promising solutions for post-MI cardiac tissue therapy to aid in structural support, contractility, and targeted drug therapy. Hydrogels are porous hydrophilic matrices used for biological scaffolding, and upon the careful alteration of ideal functional groups, the hydrogels respond to the chemistry of the surrounding microenvironment, resulting in intelligent hydrogels.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Biodegradable Materials for Tissue Engineering
The growing importance of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering (TE) reflects the fact that bone metabolic and related diseases represent approximately 50% of all chronic diseases for people above the age of fifty. In addition, mechanical damage of bone often occurs because of an accident, required surgery and so forth. Bone defects or bone injuries caused by aging, traffic accidents, fractures, or bone tumor resection are among the serious problems in orthopedics because they cause major damage to health and lower the quality of life.
  • 1.0K
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Radar-Based Invisible Biometric Authentication
Bio-Radar (BR) systems have shown great promise for biometric applications. Conventional methods can be forged, or fooled; even alternative methods intrinsic to the user, such as the Electrocardiogram (ECG), present drawbacks as they require contact with the sensor.
  • 1.0K
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Technology for Measuring Vital Signs
Human vital signs such as temperature, breathing rate (BR), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and blood pressure (BP) indicate human state of health to a large extent. COVID-19 effects on vital signs, as shown above, are significant on cardiorespiratory state and temperature. Certain other characteristics such as coughing and conjunctivitis are clearly detectable by video camera under the right circumstances, while being difficult to detect remotely using non-imaging technology. Coughing can be detected acoustically.
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Apr 2022
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