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Topic Review
Osteoporotic Bone Tissue Engineering
Bone tissue engineering aims at delivering novel methods for treating bone tissue deficiencies of-ten resulting from polytrauma, pathological fractures, and osteonecrosis as there is an increasing need to provide functional replacement grafts for the patients.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Advanced Sham Coil for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) neurophysiology has been widely applied worldwide, but it is often contaminated by confounders other than cortical stimulus-evoked activities. Although advanced sham coils that elaborately mimic active stimulation have recently been developed, their performance is not examined in detail. Developing such sham coils is crucial to improve the accuracy of TMS neurophysiology. Herein, we examined the specifications of the sham coil by comparison with the active coil. The magnetic flux and click sound pressure changes were measured when the stimulus intensity was varied from 10% to 100% maximum stimulator output (MSO), and the changes in coil surface temperature over time with continuous stimulation at 50% MSO for each coil. The magnetic flux change at the center of the coil showed a peak of 12.51 (kT/s) for the active coil, whereas it was 0.41 (kT/s) for the sham coil. Although both coils showed a linear change in magnetic flux as the stimulus intensity increased, due to the difference in coil winding structure, the sham coil took less than half the time to overheat and had 5 dB louder coil click sounds than the active coil. The sham coil showed a sufficiently small flux change at the center of the coil, but the flux change from the periphery of the coil was comparable to that of the active coil. Future use of high-quality sham coil will extend our understanding of the TMS neurophysiology of the cortex at the stimulation site. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Intelligent Hydrogels in Myocardial Engineering
Hydrogels are water-enriched polymeric biomaterials used as scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix and are employed in various tissue engineering applications. Interestingly, the hydrogels can be tuned by altering the functional groups of the parent polymeric backbone, resulting in structural rearrangements depending on the physiochemical alterations in the surrounding medium and forming intelligent/smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels. Myocardial infarction (MI) causes impaired cardiac function due to the loss of cardiomyocytes following an ischemic attack. Intelligent hydrogels offer promising solutions for post-MI cardiac tissue therapy to aid in structural support, contractility, and targeted drug therapy. Hydrogels are porous hydrophilic matrices used for biological scaffolding, and upon the careful alteration of ideal functional groups, the hydrogels respond to the chemistry of the surrounding microenvironment, resulting in intelligent hydrogels.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Wearable Bluetooth Triage Healthcare Monitoring System
Triage is the first interaction between a patient and a nurse/paramedic. This assessment, usually performed at Emergency departments, is a highly dynamic process and there are international grading systems that according to the patient condition initiate the patient journey. Triage requires an initial rapid assessment followed by routine checks of the patients’ vitals, including respiratory rate, temperature, and pulse rate. Ideally, these checks should be performed continuously and remotely to reduce the workload on triage nurses; optimizing tools and monitoring systems can be introduced and include a wearable patient monitoring system that is not at the expense of the patient’s comfort and can be remotely monitored through wireless connectivity.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Apr 2022
Topic Review
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND COVID19
The mankind of 2020 century are facing a treamendous challange against Covid19 /  SARS-COV-2 infection . Widespread viral stunt of spreading followed by death are encasulating the whole world including China , U.S , Brazil , Africa , U.K , USSR , Middle East and finally India . On the pandemic face of Corona Virus Chemical Engineers are having many scopes to serve the following areas of specialisations . 1. SAFETY , HEALTH , ENVIRONMENT ( SHE & Public Health ) 2. Molecuar Simulation of newer antivirals with the help of Engineering Mathemations as well as Computation . 3. Emergency Planning including Personnel Protective Equipments ( PPE ) , Health Statistics Record . 4. Scope to scale-up the vaccine production 5. Global economic crunch associated with Crude oil crisis during this pandemic .      
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Monitor Mental Health Conditions
Recently, there has been an increase in the production of devices to monitor mental health and stress as means for expediting detection, and subsequent management of these conditions. The objective of this review is to identify and critically appraise the most recent smart devices and wearable technologies used to identify depression, anxiety, and stress, and the physiological process(es) linked to their detection. 
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Biomaterials Adapted to Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing
Along with the rapid and extensive advancements in the 3D printing field, a diverse range of uses for 3D printing have appeared in the spectrum of medical applications. Vat photopolymerization (VPP) stands out as one of the most extensively researched methods of 3D printing, with its main advantages being a high printing speed and the ability to produce high-resolution structures. A major challenge in using VPP 3D-printed materials in medicine is the general incompatibility of standard VPP resin mixtures with the requirements of biocompatibility and biofunctionality. Instead of developing completely new materials, an alternate approach to solving this problem involves adapting existing biomaterials. Biomaterials may be of organic or inorganic nature, and when considering the process, there are no significant differences reported in the 3D printing between these categories, as each material shows limitations and specific methods for adaptation to VPP. However, a relevant difference lies in the temporal and procedural requisites for reaching their final (synthetic) form. Organic biomaterials, in particular, require additional chemical steps, the most relevant involving the need for the polymerization of an organic compound (to be distinguished from the polymerization occurring during the 3D printing process) under specific reaction conditions.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Biodegradable Materials for Tissue Engineering
The growing importance of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering (TE) reflects the fact that bone metabolic and related diseases represent approximately 50% of all chronic diseases for people above the age of fifty. In addition, mechanical damage of bone often occurs because of an accident, required surgery and so forth. Bone defects or bone injuries caused by aging, traffic accidents, fractures, or bone tumor resection are among the serious problems in orthopedics because they cause major damage to health and lower the quality of life.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Nanocomposites in Advanced Biomedical Applications
Nanomaterials have demonstrated a wide range of applications and recently, novel biomedical studies are devoted to improving the functionality and effectivity of traditional and unmodified systems, either drug carriers and common scaffolds for tissue engineering or advanced hydrogels for wound healing purposes.  Due to the high thermal stability and mechanical strength of Fe2O3, they have been combined with several polymers and employed for various nano-treatments for specific human diseases.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Computational Health Engineering
Infectious diseases are the primary cause of mortality worldwide. The dangers of infectious disease are compounded with antimicrobial resistance, which remains the greatest concern for human health. Although novel approaches are under investigation, the World Health Organization predicts that by 2050, septicaemia caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria could result in 10 million deaths per year. One of the main challenges in medical microbiology is to develop novel experimental approaches, which enable a better understanding of bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance. After the introduction of whole genome sequencing, there was a great improvement in bacterial detection and identification, which also enabled the characterization of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes. Today, the use of in silico experiments jointly with computational and machine learning offer an in depth understanding of systems biology, allowing us to use this knowledge for the prevention, prediction, and control of infectious disease. Herein, the aim of this review is to discuss the latest advances in human health engineering and their applicability in the control of infectious diseases. An in-depth knowledge of host–pathogen–protein interactions, combined with a better understanding of a host's immune response and bacterial fitness, are key determinants for halting infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance dissemination.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Dielectrophoresis Studies on Protein Albumin
Research relating to dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been progressing rapidly through time as it is a strong and controllable technique for manipulation, separation, preconcentration, and partitioning of protein. Extensive studies have been carried out on protein DEP, especially on Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA).
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Collagen in Airway Mechanics
Collagen is the most abundant airway extracellular matrix component and is the primary determinant of mechanical airway properties. Abnormal airway collagen deposition is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of airway disease.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Impedimetric Sensing
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed a pressing need for the development of sensitive and low-cost point-of-care sensors for disease diagnosis. The standard of care for COVID-19 is quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This method is sensitive, but takes time, effort, and requires specialized equipment and reagents to be performed correctly. This make it unsuitable for widespread, rapid testing and causes poor individual and policy decision-making. Rapid antigen tests (RATs) are a widely used alternative that provide results quickly but have low sensitivity and are prone to false negatives, particularly in cases with lower viral burden. Electrochemical sensors have shown much promise in filling this technology gap, and impedance spectroscopy specifically has exciting potential in rapid screening of COVID-19. Due to the data-rich nature of impedance measurements performed at different frequencies, this method lends itself to machine-leaning (ML) algorithms for further data processing.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Homocysteine Solution-Induced Response in OECTs Devices
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a non-protein, sulfur-containing amino acid, which is recognized as a possible risk factor for coronary artery and other pathologies when its levels in the blood exceed the normal range of between 5 and 12 μmol/L (hyperhomocysteinemia). At present, standard procedures in laboratory medicine, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), are commonly employed for the quantitation of total Hcy (tHcy), i.e., the sum of the protein-bound (oxidized) and free (homocystine plus reduced Hcy) forms, in biological fluids (particularly, serum or plasma). Here, the response of Aerosol Jet-printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), in the presence of either reduced (free) and oxidized Hcy-based solutions, was analyzed. Two different experimental protocols were followed to this end: the former consisting of gold (Au) electrodes’ biothiol-induced thiolation, while the latter simply used bare platinum (Pt) electrodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis was performed both to validate the gold thiolation protocol and to gain insights into the reduced Hcy sensing mechanism by the Au-gated OECTs, which provided a final limit of detection (LoD) of 80 nM. For the OECT response based on Platinum gate electrodes, on the other hand, a LoD of 180 nM was found in the presence of albumin-bound Hcy, with this being the most abundant oxidized Hcy-form (i.e., the protein-bound form) in physiological fluids. Despite the lack of any biochemical functionalization supporting the response selectivity, the findings discussed in this work highlight the potential role of OECT in the development of low-cost point-of-care (POC) electronic platforms that are suitable for the evaluation, in humans, of Hcy levels within the physiological range and in cases of hyperhomocysteinemia.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Biosensors for Detecting Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer
Breast cancer has the highest cancer incidence rate in women. Tumor markers are a kind of active substance that can indicate the existence and growth of the tumor. The detection of tumor markers can effectively assist the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The conventional detection methods of tumor markers have some shortcomings, such as insufficient sensitivity, expensive equipment, and complicated operations. Compared with these methods, biosensors have the advantages of high sensitivity, simple operation, low equipment cost, and can quantitatively detect all kinds of tumor markers. 
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sperm Selection
Sperm selection is a clinical need for guided fertilization in men with low-quality semen. In this regard, microfluidics can provide an enabling platform for the precise manipulation and separation of high-quality sperm cells through applying various stimuli, including chemical agents, mechanical forces, and thermal gradients. In addition, microfluidic platforms can help to guide sperms and oocytes for controlled in vitro fertilization or sperm sorting using both passive and active methods.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Bone Hyperthermia Treatments: Temperature Monitoring
Bone metastases and osteoid osteoma (OO) have a high incidence in patients facing primary lesions in many organs. In this arena, hyperthermia treatments (HTs) have gaining momentum as valuable alternatives to traditional therapies owing to their minimally invasive nature, the success rate in tumor control and the immediate effect in pain relief affecting the majority of patients. Temperature monitoring during HTs may significantly improve the clinical outcomes since the amount of thermal injury depends on the tissue temperature and the exposure time. This is particularly relevant in bone tumors due to the adjacent vulnerable structures (e.g., spinal cord and nerve roots).
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
PET/CT Radiomics in Lung Cancer
Quantitative extraction of imaging features from medical scans (‘radiomics’) has become a major research topic in recent years. Numerous studies have emphasized the potential use of radiomics for computer-assisted diagnosis, as well as for predicting survival and response to treatment in patients with lung cancer. Furthermore, radiomics is appealing in that it enables full-field analysis of the lesion, provides nearly real-time results, and is non-invasive.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Functional Nucleic-Acid Biosensors
According to the latest Global Cancer Statistics, there are about 19.3 million new cancer cases worldwide and nearly 10 million people died of cancer in 2020. As the largest threat to human life, the early detection of cancer is an effective way to reduce its mortality. In addition, heavy metal poisoning and biological toxins also seriously endanger human health, and their detection methods still have some shortcomings. Against this backdrop, biosensors have been developed by integrating modern biotechnology and advanced physical technology. Biosensors are devices that are used for the rapid and sensitive detection of substances at the molecular level. The basic unit of the biosensor includes the identification element, transducer and detector, etc. The components of organisms with molecular recognition capabilities or the organism itself can be used as recognition elements.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Nov 2021
Topic Review
DynamiChain
The development of a dynamic consent medical blockchain system called DynamiChain, based on a ruleset management algorithm for handling health examination data.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2021
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