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Topic Review
Biomass Wastes
Biomass wastes are abundant around us. They are renewable and inexpensive. Product manufacturing from renewable resources has caught increasing interest recently. Activated carbon preparation from biomass resources, including various trees, leaves, plant roots, fruit peels, and grasses, is a good example. In this paper, an overview of activated carbon production from biomass resources will be given. 
  • 1.1K
  • 13 May 2021
Topic Review
Novel Psychoactive Substances
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) represent a severe health risk for drug users. The molecular mechanisms underlying the action of NPS are more complex than expected, with a wide range of overlap among activated receptors and neurotransmitter systems.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 May 2021
Topic Review
Location Aware Schemes in IoT
The rapid development in wireless technologies is positioning the Internet of Things (IoT) as an essential part of our daily lives. Localization is one of the most attractive applications related to IoT. In the past few years, localization has been gaining attention because of its applicability in safety, health monitoring, environment monitoring, and security.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 May 2021
Topic Review
Manganese Oxide Carbon-Based Nanocomposite
The application of Manganese oxide (denoted as MnOx hereafter) in SCs was first reported in 1999. Since then, MnOx has been widely studied as an active, low-cost, and biofriendly ECs material. Why are manganese or its oxides are so appealing for SCs applications? First, manganese is a transition metal with five unpaired electrons, which possesses the most oxidation states, including the highest oxidation state (VII) in the entire periodic table. Due to its unique electronic structure, manganese is extremely redox-active, thus, it exists in several oxide forms. Second, Manganese is the most abundant transition metal among oxides which are pseudocapacitive. Third, MnOx exhibits high theoretical capacitance (1370 F/g for MnO2 for instance) with a wide positive potential window compared to other transition metal oxides. 
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Jun 2021
Topic Review
CuxO Nanostructure-Based Gas Sensors
H2S gas is a toxic and hazardous byproduct of the oil and gas industries. It paralyzes the olfactory nerves, with concentrations above 100 ppm, resulting in loss of smell; prolonged inhalation may even cause death. One of the most important semiconducting metal oxides for the detection of H2S is CuxO (x = 1, 2), which is converted to CuxS upon exposure to H2S, leading to a remarkable modulation in the resistance and appearance of an electrical sensing signal.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
MR-Guided Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer
The biological features of prostate cancer as a tumor with a low alpha beta ratio have led clinicians to consider the use of higher doses per fraction, thus gaining an advantage both in terms of clinical outcomes and of logistic opportunities. In this setting, the recent introduction of MR-Linac will provide clinicians an attractive tool for the treatment of prostate cancer, by exploiting the superior soft tissue visualization combined with the possibility to daily adapt the treatment plan with the real-time anatomy of the patient.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Mediterranean Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy
Pregnancy outcomes for both mother and child are affected by many environmental factors. The importance of pregnancy for ‘early life programming’ in the first 1,000 days of life is well established and maternal nutrition is an important factor contributing to a favourable environment for developing offspring. Results show that being on a Mediterranean Diet during pregnancy is associated with favourable outcomes for both maternal and offspring health, particularly for gestational diabetes in mothers and congenital defects in offspring.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Volcanism and Submarine Sedimentation around Alps during Eo-Oligocene
Different magmatic systems developed during the Eo-Oligocene on and around the Alpine Belt, favouring the accumulation of thick volcanogenic submarine sedimentary sequences in the coveal foreland and foredeep basins. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Clinical Management of Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy represents a leading cause of vision loss, causing a significant structural and functional impairment of the retinal and choroidal capillary network.  Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, and the most common expressions of this condition are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Dehydrin Genes in Model Brachypodium Grasses
Dehydration proteins (dehydrins, DHNs) confer tolerance to water-stress deficit in plants. We performed a comparative genomics and evolutionary study of DHN genes in four model Brachypodium grass species. Ten dehydrins have been describe within Brachypodium species. Due to limited knowledge on dehydrin expression under water deprivation stress in Brachypodium, we also performed a drought-induced gene expression analysis in 32 ecotypes of the genus’ flagship species B. distachyon showing different hydric requirements. Bdhn1 - Bdhn2, Bdhn3 and Bdhn7 genes, orthologs of wheat, barley, rice, sorghum, and maize genes, were more highly expressed in plants under drought conditions.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Heterogeneous Catalysis for Biomass Valorization and Fine-Chemicals Production
Heterogeneous catalysts are progressively expanding their field of application, from high-throughput reactions for traditional industrial chemistry with production volumes reaching millions of tons per year, a sector in which they are key players, to more niche applications for the production of fine chemicals. These novel applications require a progressive utilization reduction of fossil feedstocks, in favor of renewable ones. Biomasses are the most accessible source of organic precursors, having as advantage their low cost and even distribution across the globe. Unfortunately, they are intrinsically inhomogeneous in nature and their efficient exploitation requires novel catalysts.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Omics Approaches to Assess Flavor Development in Cheese
Cheese is characterized by a rich and complex microbiota that plays a vital role during both production and ripening, contributing significantly to the safety, quality, and sensory characteristics of the final product. In this context, it is vital to explore the microbiota composition and understand its dynamics and evolution during cheese manufacturing and ripening. Application of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have facilitated the more accurate identification of the cheese microbiome, detailed study of its potential functionality, and its contribution to the development of specific organoleptic properties. These technologies include amplicon sequencing, whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, metatranscriptomics, and, most recently, metabolomics. In recent years, however, the application of multiple meta-omics approaches along with data integration analysis, which was enabled by advanced computational and bioinformatics tools, paved the way to better comprehension of the cheese ripening process, revealing significant associations between the cheese microbiota and metabolites, as well as their impact on cheese flavor and quality. 
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Genomic Variation and Mutational Events
Phytopathologists are actively researching the molecular basis of plant–pathogen interactions. The mechanisms of responses to pathogens have been studied extensively in model crop plant species and natural populations. Today, with the rapid expansion of genomic technologies such as DNA sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, as well as the development of new methods and protocols, data analysis, and bioinformatics, it is now possible to assess the role of genetic variation in plant–microbe interactions and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of plant defense and microbe pathogenicity with ever-greater resolution and accuracy. Genetic variation is an important force in evolution that enables organisms to survive in stressful environments. Moreover, understanding the role of genetic variation and mutational events is essential for crop breeders to produce improved cultivars.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Exploring Lean HRM Practices in the Aerospace Industry
Lean management is an approach that allows companies to reduce costs and improve quality to achieve significant growth. As such, myriad organizations across many different sectors are deploying resources and effort to implement Lean management principles. However, the adoption of Lean within a company is not straightforward because it is not just a set of tools to be used, but rather a process that requires the active participation and commitment of all the members of the organization, with special emphasis on the employees, as they are the ones doing the actual implementation work. Lean places people at its core, acknowledging their contribution to the company’s growth and the fundamental role human resources management (HRM) practices play in the success and sustainability of Lean transformations. However, the relationship between HRM practices and Lean remains largely unexplored in the literature. 
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Targeting Immunosuppressive Pathways as Cancer Therapies
Immune response has been shown to play an important role in defining patient prognosis and response to cancer treatment. Tumor-induced immunosuppression encouraged the recent development of new chemotherapeutic agents that assists in the augmentation of immune responses. Molecular mechanisms that tumors use to evade immunosurveillance are attributed to their ability to alter antigen processing/presentation pathways and the tumor microenvironment. Cancer cells take advantage of normal molecular and immunoregulatory machinery to survive and thrive. Cancer cells constantly adjust their genetic makeup using several mechanisms such as nucleotide excision repair as well as microsatellite and chromosomal instability, thus giving rise to new variants with reduced immunogenicity and the ability to continue to grow without restrictions. 
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Measles Incidence and Eradication
Measles is an RNA virus infectious disease mainly seen in children. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine against measles, it remains a health issue in children. Although it is a self-limiting disease, it becomes severe in undernourished and immune-compromised individuals. Measles infection is associated with secondary infections by opportunistic bacteria due to the immunosuppressive effects of the measles virus. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Writing Therapy
Writing therapy is a form of expressive therapy that uses the act of writing and processing the written word as therapy. Writing therapy posits that writing one's feelings gradually eases feelings of emotional trauma. Writing therapeutically can take place individually or in a group and it can be administered in person with a therapist or remotely through mailing or the Internet. The field of writing therapy includes many practitioners in a variety of settings. The therapy is usually administered by a therapist or counselor. Several interventions exist online. Writing group leaders also work in hospitals with patients dealing with mental and physical illnesses. In university departments they aid student self-awareness and self-development. When administered at a distance, it is useful for those who prefer to remain personally anonymous and are not ready to disclose their most private thoughts and anxieties in a face-to-face situation. As with most forms of therapy, writing therapy is adapted and used to work with a wide range of psychoneurotic issues, including bereavement, desertion and abuse. Many of these interventions take the form of classes where clients write on specific themes chosen by their therapist or counsellor. Assignments may include writing unsent letters to selected individuals, alive or dead, followed by imagined replies from the recipient, or a dialogue with the recovering alcoholic's bottle of alcohol.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Spiral Ground Heat Exchanger
Spiral ground heat exchangers in heat pump applications play an important role in heating/cooling of buildings. Energy consumption of buildings is a significant factor in global environmental issues. One of the ways of supplying heating and cooling is using potential energy stored in the ground which is clean and sustainable. These types of systems are called ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems. The initial cost and efficiency of GSHP systems can be influenced by optimal design of ground heat exchangers (GHEs). Many parameters influencing thermal performance of spiral GHEs such as external major diameter of borehole, spacing, distance between each turns of spiral GHEs, etc. When we have a large application area, one spiral GHE is not enough for supplying heating or cooling demands of the building. In this case more than one GHE is needed to be embedded into the ground. When we have more than one GHE in ground, optimization of distance between them becomes an essential problem. Another important parameter which is highly affecting thermal performance of a GSHP system are thermal properties of ground. Before integrating a GSHP system to the building thermal properties of ground or soil should be determined.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Project Medishare
Project Medishare is a 501(c)(3), non-profit organization registered in the State of Florida. It was founded by Dr. Barth Green and Arthur Fournier from the University of Miami School of Medicine. The organization was created in 1994 to improve healthcare in Haiti. Since then, it has been committed to help its Haitian partners by establishing and funding sustainable programs, providing technology and equipment to hospitals, clinics, and other affiliated programs and training of Haitian physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals. Project Medishare’s focus program include Community Health, Maternal Health, Child Health and Nutrition, and Medical Training and Education. The geographic areas served by the organization include Port-au-Prince and the Central Plateau in Haiti. The organization provides direct beneficiaries for more than 80,000 people every year.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
LOCAD
The Lab-on-a-Chip Applications Development (LOCAD) element is a set of related lab-on-a-chip projects at NASA. The projects develop integrated lab-on-a-chip products in three areas related to space exploration: Environmental Control and Life Systems Support (ECLSS), Medical Systems, and Remote Exploration. NASA conducts activities related to these projects both at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and aboard the International Space Station (ISS).
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Dec 2022
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