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Topic Review
Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Elegia Species
This review provides constructive and extensive information about the botanical characterization, distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Elegia. The genus Elegia L. is the second largest of the Restionaceae family, comprising 52 species, which are mainly used as materials for thatching. A comprehensive search of previously published literature was performed for studies on this genus, using databases with different key search words. This survey documented 52 Elegia species summarizing their previous taxonomic classification. In addition, 14 species were found to be studied for their phytochemical profile, revealing 14 chemical compounds. Concerning their biological activities, only one species (E. tectorum (L.f.) Moline and H.P.Linder) is reported for its anti-wrinkle activity. Moreover, two species are locally used for thatching and as materials for brooms. The present review highlights the Elegia genus as an important source of bioactive phytochemicals with flavonol glycosides being the main metabolites and reveals the uncharted territory of this genus for new research studies.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Role for Plant-Derived Antioxidants in Attenuating Cancer Cachexia
Cancer cachexia describes the cancer-related muscle wasting that contributes to the progression of many cancer types. It is defined as “a multifactorial syndrome exhibiting ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass, with or without the loss of fat mass, leading to progressive muscle functional impairment”. Typical clinical symptoms include anorexia, involuntary weight loss, weakness, anemia, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and increased resting energy expenditure (REE). Antioxidants have therapeutic potential to attenuate cancer-related muscle loss, with polyphenols, a group of plant-derived antioxidants, being the most widely investigated.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Coffee-Hemileia vastatrix Interactions
Coffee belongs to the genus Coffea of the family Rubiaceae and consists of over 100 species. The two main cultivated species, Coffea arabica L. (Arabica) and C. canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner (Robusta) accounted in 2020, on average, for about 60% and 40% of the world’s coffee production, respectively. Coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is the most important disease affecting Arabica coffee growing worldwide, leading to significant yield losses if no control measures are applied. A deep understanding of the complex mechanisms involved in coffee-H. vastatrix interactions, such as the pathogen variability and the mechanisms governing plant resistance and susceptibility, is required to breed efficiently for durable resistance and design new approaches for crop protection.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Biofortification of Staple Crops
Micronutrient malnutrition is a global health challenge affecting almost half of the global population, causing poor physical and mental development of children and a wide range of illnesses. It is most prevalent in young girls, women, and pre-school children who are suffering particularly from the low consumption of vitamins and micronutrients. Given this global challenge, biofortification has proven to be a promising and economical approach to increase the concentration of essential micronutrients in edible portions of staple crops. Produce quality and micronutrient content can be further enhanced with the use of micronutrient fertilizers. Especially developing countries with a high percentage of malnourished populations are attracted to this integrated biofortification, combining modern agronomic interventions and genetic improvement of food crops. Consequently, maize, rice, wheat, beans, pearl millet, sweet potato, and cassava have all been biofortified with increased concentrations of Fe, Zn, or provitamin A in various developing countries. Today, there are several large-scale success stories in Africa and Asia that support the research and development of biofortified crops.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Broadening the Reflection Bandwidth in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) materials with broadband reflection are witnessing a significant surge in interest due to their unique ability to self-organize into a helical supra-molecular architecture and their excellent selective reflection of light based on the Bragg relationship. How to realize the broadening of the reflection bandwidth within the desired reflection spectrum is still one of the critical problems to be solved for the application of ChLCs. It is necessary to adjust the pitch gradient or the non-uniform pitch distribution in the ChLC material system to achieve the broadening of the reflection bandwidth.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Resilient Capabilities to Tackle Supply Chain Risks
Increased globalization and disruptions caused by pandemics are contributing towards complexity of the supply chain (SC) across all industries. The construction sector is not an exception, and is faced with similar SC disruptions. This has increased the integration issues of the construction SC. Therefore, it is important to manage the complexities in integrating SC risks and resilient capabilities (RCs) to enable a resilient SC in construction. 
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
List of Wars Extended by Diplomatic Irregularity
There are different claims of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity which involve long peaceful periods after the end of hostilities where, for various reasons, the belligerents could be considered to be in a technical state of war. For example, occasionally small countries named in a declaration of war would accidentally be omitted from a peace treaty ending the wider conflict. Such "extended wars" are discovered much after the fact, and have no impact during the long period (often hundreds of years) after the actual fighting ended. The discovery of an "extended war" is sometimes an opportunity for a friendly ceremonial peace to be contracted by the belligerent parties. Such peace ceremonies are even conducted after ancient wars where no peace treaty was expected in the first place, and in cases where the countries were not even at war at all, such as the case of Berwick-upon-Tweed and Russia. These "treaties" often involve non-sovereign sub-national entities, such as cities, who do not in reality have the power to declare or end wars. Related situations (not necessarily listed below) include:
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
LizardFS
LizardFS is an open source distributed file system that is POSIX-compliant and licensed under GPLv3. It was released in 2013 as fork of MooseFS. LizardFS is also offering a paid Technical Support (Standard, Enterprise and Enterprise Plus) with possibility of configurating and setting up the cluster and active cluster monitoring. LizardFS is a distributed, scalable and fault-tolerant file system. The file system is designed so that it is possible to add more disks and servers “on the fly”, without the need for any server reboots or shut-downs.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Main-belt Comet
User:RMCD bot/subject notice Main-belt comets (MBCs) are bodies orbiting within the asteroid belt that have shown comet-like activity during part of their orbit. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory defines a main-belt asteroid as an asteroid with a semi-major axis (average distance from the Sun) of more than 2 AU but less than 3.2 AU, and a perihelion (closest approach distance to the Sun) of no less than 1.6 AU. David Jewitt from UCLA points out that these objects are most likely not comets with sublimating ice, but asteroids that exhibit dust activity, and hence he and others started calling these class of objects active asteroids. The first main-belt comet discovered is 7968 Elst–Pizarro. It was discovered in 1979 and was found to have a tail by Eric Elst and Guido Pizarro in 1996 and given the cometary designation 133P/Elst-Pizarro.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Causal Fermion System
The theory of causal fermion systems is an approach to describe fundamental physics. It provides a unification of the weak, the strong and the electromagnetic forces with gravity at the level of classical field theory. Moreover, it gives quantum mechanics as a limiting case and has revealed close connections to quantum field theory. Therefore, it is a candidate for a unified physical theory. Instead of introducing physical objects on a preexisting spacetime manifold, the general concept is to derive spacetime as well as all the objects therein as secondary objects from the structures of an underlying causal fermion system. This concept also makes it possible to generalize notions of differential geometry to the non-smooth setting. In particular, one can describe situations when spacetime no longer has a manifold structure on the microscopic scale (like a spacetime lattice or other discrete or continuous structures on the Planck scale). As a result, the theory of causal fermion systems is a proposal for quantum geometry and an approach to quantum gravity. Causal fermion systems were introduced by Felix Finster and collaborators.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Overview of PSMA PET-CT and Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. The imaging assessment and treatment of prostate cancer has vastly improved over the past decade. The introduction of PSMA PET-CT has improved the detection of loco-regional and metastatic disease. PSMA PET-CT also has a role in the primary diagnosis and staging, in detecting biochemical recurrence after curative treatment and in metastasis-directed therapy.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Sinomenine-Type Drugs to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis
Sinomenine is the main component of the vine Sinomenium acutum. It was first isolated in the early 1920s and has since attracted special interest as a potential anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) agent, owing to its successful application in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of neuralgia and rheumatoid diseases.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Natural Products for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treatment
Plants are an untapped natural resource; their secondary metabolites take part in a variety of pharmacological activities, making them an essential ingredient in the synthesis of novel medications and the source of reserve resources in this process. Hepatitis and liver cancer are two conditions that can result from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a condition that now affects a significant section of the global population. There is a need for preventative action on predisposing factors. Due to their effectiveness and few side effects, herbal medications are frequently utilized for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Feb 2024
Topic Review
What to Know Before Committing to Roof Repairs
Roof repair costs can vary widely depending on several factors. Understanding these factors can help you estimate the potential costs and budget accordingly. Here are the key elements that influence Costs repairs:
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Jul 2024
Topic Review
Classifying Travel Mode Choice through Adjustable SVM Model
The investigation of travel mode choice is an essential task in transport planning and policymaking for predicting travel demands. Typically, mode choice datasets are imbalanced and learning from such datasets is challenging. This study deals with imbalanced mode choice data by developing an algorithm (SVMAK) based on a support vector machine model and the theory of adjusting kernel scaling.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Woody Ornamental Plants in Mediterranean Climate
The native flora of different Mediterranean countries, often woody species, was widely recognized for its ornamental potential. The shrubs, in particular, are a typology of plants very widespread in the Mediterranean environment and constituent the ‘Macchia’, the typical vegetation of this ecosystem. These plant species could be used to improve the ornamental value of urban and peri-urban green areas. Since urban areas can suffer from low-quality soil and limited resources, the selection of plants must be carefully considered. The most commonly used plants should have adequate tolerance to abiotic stress.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Detection Methods of Microcystins
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are globally on the increase in both frequency and intensity as a result of eutrophication and climate change. The most frequently reported CyanoHABs toxins are cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins microcystins (MCs) which have attracted worldwide studies. MCs most often found in water and to a lesser extent in desert environments are primarily produced by cyanobacteria species of the genera Microcystis, Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Nostoc, Cylindrospermopsis, and Planktothrix.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Titan-based alloys
Titan-based alloys are the most-utilized materials in dental implantology, due to their physical and chemical properties. The various components of the oral environment should be considered in order to obtain a good stability of dental reconstructions. Salivary ions, proteins, enzymes, and microorganisms of the oral biofilm, may interact with and influence the implant's corrosion process. Peri-implantitis is a multifactorial process which needs to be properly addressed in order to prevent secondary implant failure. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
16p11.2 deletion syndrome
16p11.2 deletion syndrome is a disorder caused by a deletion of a small piece of chromosome 16. The deletion occurs near the middle of the chromosome at a location designated p11.2.  
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Apr 2021
Topic Review
POR Gene
cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Dec 2020
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