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Topic Review
Dual H-Bonding and Enamine Activation
Asymmetric enamine base activation of carbonyl compounds is a well-known and widely used strategy for providing functionalization of organic compounds in an efficient way. The use of solely organic substances, which in most cases are commercially available primary or secondary amines that are easy to obtain, avoids the use of hazardous substances or metal traces, making this type of catalysis a highly convenient methodology from a sustainable point of view.
  • 818
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Amidoalkyl Naphthols: Bioactive Substances and Building Blocks
1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthol derivatives are of increasing interest due to their biological activities and further use in the preparation of other important bioactive molecules, such as aminoalkyl naphthols and oxazines.
  • 817
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Chemiluminescence Detection/Quantification of Haloaromatic Compounds
Polyhaloaromatic compounds (XAr) have been found world-wide in pesticides, pharmaceuticals, flame retardants and personal care products. Most of these compounds are persistent and widely existing in the environment because of their recalcitrant properties in the soil and water.  They are potentially carcinogenic to organisms and may induce serious risks to the ecosystem. Therefore, it is important to detect and quantify these ubiquitous XAr in the environment, and to monitor their degradation kinetics during the treatment of these recalcitrant pollutants. Chemiluminescence (CL) is a kind of light emission from complicated chemical reactions, during which high-energy excited-states can be generated and energy is released. CL analysis can be used to detect and quantify the specific compounds that determine the generation of CL emission. It has been recently discovered that unprecedent CL emission could be produced during the degradation of XAr mediated by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and a novel, rapid and sensitive CL-based analytical method was developed to not only detect XAr, but also monitor their degradation kinetics. For this distinct CL-based analytical method on the detection and measurement of XAr, it exhibits the excellent properties of relatively simple, rapid, sensitive, without complicated pretreatment.
  • 815
  • 15 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Small-Molecule Thermoresponsive Ionic Liquid Materials
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of low-melting molten salts (<100 °C) constituted entirely of ions, and their research has gained tremendous attention in line with their remarkably growing applications.
  • 813
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
H2S Sensors
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an essential signaling gas within the cell, and its endogenous levels are correlated with various health diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, Down’s syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Because it plays such diverse biological functions, being able to detect H2S quickly and accurately in vivo is an area of heightened scientific interest.
  • 802
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Asymmetric organocatalysis is a branch of catalysis that employs small organic molecules to promote enantioselective chemical reactions. This field has grown rapidly since the early 2000s, offering a metal-free, environmentally benign approach to asymmetric synthesis. Organocatalysis complements enzymatic and metal-based catalysis by enabling precise stereochemical control using simple, accessible catalysts. Its applications span natural product synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and sustainable chemical manufacturing.
  • 795
  • 07 Apr 2025
Topic Review
Microwave-Assisted Post-Ugi Reactions for the Synthesis of Polycycles
Microwave-assisted post-Ugi reactions have been employed for the synthesis of diverse polycycles. From commercially available starting materials, transition metal-catalyzed or transition metal-free transformations are performed in an efficient, rapid, and step-economical manner. With the help of microwave irradiation, linear Ugi-adducts are converted into more complex drug-like polycycles with high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity, exhibiting the robustness and potential of this strategy and unfolding a large window for organic synthesis.
  • 787
  • 30 May 2022
Topic Review
Functionalization and Applications
Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) is an isolated, colloidal crystalline portion of cellulose fibers, and it is a valuable alternative to non-renewable fossil-based materials. It is used for a large plethora of different fields, such as composites, food applications, pharmaceutical and medical developments, and cosmetic and material industries. The interest of MCC has also been driven by its economic value. In the last decade, particular attention has been driven to the functionalization of its hydroxyl groups to expand the field of applications of such biopolymer. 
  • 768
  • 17 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Selected Fungal Natural Products with Antimicrobial Properties
Natural products (NPs) are a very rich source of antimicrobial drugs. They constitute more than two-thirds of clinically used antibiotics and half of anticancer drugs. Fungal natural products and their effects have been known to humankind for hundreds of years. Their later medicinal applications, followed by the discovery of the first class of antibiotics, penicillins and other drugs of fungal origin, such as peptidic natural products, terpenoids or polyketides, have altered the historically negative reputation of fungal “toxins”. 
  • 758
  • 21 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Preparation of Carbon Nitride-Based S-scheme Photocatalyst
Energy shortages are a major challenge to the sustainable development of human society, and photocatalytic solar energy conversion is a potential way to alleviate energy problems. As a two-dimensional organic polymer semiconductor, carbon nitride is considered to be the most promising photocatalyst due to its stable properties, low cost, and suitable band structure. The development of carbon nitride-based S-scheme photocatalysts has been flourished, which has raised the wave of interests and reached a crescendo in the field of energy catalysis. Therefore, a timely overview on the recent progress of carbon nitride-based S-scheme heterojunctions is highly desirable, not only to unveil the basic working mechanism, but also to inspire future research directions in carbon nitride-based heterojunctions.
  • 753
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Near-Infrared Emission Materials with “Heavy Metal-Free” Organic Compounds
Organic/polymer light-emitting diodes (OLEDs/PLEDs) have attracted a rising number of investigations due to their promising applications for high-resolution fullcolor displays and energy-saving solid-state lightings. Near-infrared (NIR) emitting dyes have gained increasing attention for their potential applications in electroluminescence and optical imaging in optical tele-communication platforms, sensing and medical diagnosis in recent decades. And a growing number of people focus on the “heavy metal-free” NIR electroluminescent materials to gain more design freedom with cost advantage. 
  • 752
  • 17 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Mechanism of Organic Photovoltaics
The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have reached more than 19%, along with the prosperous development of materials and device engineering. 
  • 747
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Donor–Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
The depletion of traditional fossil energy and the resulting environmental pollution forces people to explore new energy sources. Direct use of solar energy is now a viable solution for solving these problems. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a porous crystalline material; their well-defined two-dimensional or three-dimensional frameworks can ensure the orderly arrangement of photoelectric active units, giving them potential photoelectric conversion applications. The tunable structural features endow COFs many advantages in photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light.
  • 736
  • 16 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Pillar[n]arene-Based Supramolecular Polymers
The field of fluorescence sensing, leveraging various supramolecular self-assembled architectures constructed from macrocyclic pillar[n]arenes, has seen significant advancement in recent decades.
  • 735
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Chiral Hydroxamic Acid Ligands in Asymmetric Synthesis
Chiral hydroxamic acid (HA) and bis-hydroxamic acid (BHA) ligands have emerged as powerful platforms for enantioselective catalysis, especially in asymmetric epoxidation and natural product synthesis. Recent advances in ligand architecture—such as phenyl-centric C₂-symmetric scaffolds—have enabled enhanced stereocontrol, broader substrate scope, and compatibility with diverse metal catalysts like Ti(IV) and V(V). These ligands not only facilitate epoxide formation with exceptional enantiomeric excess but have also proven essential in the total synthesis of complex bioactive compounds, including florfenicol, ophiodilactones, and α-bisabolol. This entry offers a detailed perspective on the evolution, application, and future prospects of chiral HA/BHA ligands in organic synthesis.
  • 731
  • 04 Apr 2025
Topic Review
Photonic Upconversion Materials for Organic Lanthanide Complexes
Organic lanthanide complexes have garnered significant attention in various fields due to their intriguing energy transfer mechanism, enabling the upconversion (UC) of two or more low-energy photons into high-energy photons. In comparison to lanthanide-doped inorganic nanoparticles, organic UC complexes hold great promise for biological delivery applications due to their advantageous properties of controllable size and composition.
  • 725
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Synthesis of Monoketone Curcuminoids
Curcumin (or diferuloylmethane), a component of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes, displays various biological and pharmacological activities. However, it is poorly bioavailable and unstable in physiological pH. MKCs’ antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and antiparasitic actions, as well as other less common MKC biological and pharmacological activities, have been shown to be similar or higher than curcumin. The promising biological and pharmacological activities, combined with the attractive synthetic aspects (e.g., good yields and an easiness of product isolation) to obtain MKCs, make this class of compounds an interesting prospect for further antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiparasitic drug discovery.
  • 722
  • 25 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Naphthoquinones and Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a pathology of neurological origin, degenerative of the region present in the central nervous system known as substantia nigra. Naphthoquinones are the most common type of quinones and compose an important series of natural distribution metabolites of plants, animals, fungi and bacteria.
  • 717
  • 17 Nov 2023
Biography
Benjamin List
Benjamin List is a German chemist internationally recognized for pioneering the field of asymmetric organocatalysis.[1] Born in Frankfurt in 1968, he obtained his Ph.D. in chemistry from Goethe University Frankfurt under Johann Mulzer. Following postdoctoral research with Richard Lerner and Carlos F. Barbas III at The Scripps Research Institute, he joined the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforsc
  • 716
  • 07 Apr 2025
Topic Review
Glyoxylates and Related Structures as Photoinitiators of Polymerization
The design of photoinitiators activable under low-light intensity is an active research field, supported by the energetic sobriety plans imposed by numerous countries in Europe. With an aim to simplify the composition of the photocurable resins, Type I photoinitiators are actively researched as these structures can act as monocomponent systems. In this field, a family of structures has been under-investigated at present, namely, glyoxylates. 
  • 708
  • 26 Apr 2023
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