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Topic Review
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides from agro-food industry waste constitute one of the most important renewable resources. The great variety of their chemical composition and structure, and their biodegradability and safety make them ideal for application in diverse fields, such as the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, tissue engineering and biofuels industries, among others.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Sulfur in Seeds
Sulfur is a growth-limiting and secondary macronutrient as well as an indispensable component for several cellular components of crop plants. 
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
African Swine Fever Virus
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the epidemic of African swine fever (ASF), with virulent strains having a mortality rate of up to 100% and presenting devastating impacts on animal farming. ASFV is the only known arbovirus in the Nucleoplasmic Large DNA Virus (NCLDV) family. It has an icosahedral structure and envelope with a diameter of 200nm. The length of the genome varies between 170 and 190 kbp, encoding 151 to 167 open reading frames (ORF), which are closely spaced along two strands of viral DNA and separated by short intergenic regions.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Genetic Variations in Fruit Trees
Fruit trees provide essential nutrients to humans by contributing to major agricultural outputs and economic growth globally. However, major constraints to sustainable agricultural productivity are the uncontrolled proliferation of the population, and biotic and abiotic stresses. Tree mutation breeding has been substantially improved using different physical and chemical mutagens.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
H2O Soft Seltzer & Water-Based Beverages Hydration
H2O Sonoma Soft Seltzer is a non-alcoholic water-based beverage, that is infused with the juice of varietal wine grapes, dealcoholized wine, and flavor extracts.  The Beverage Guidance System has established dietary recommendations for daily intake of commonly consumed beverages including water, tea, coffee, milk, non-calorically sweetened beverages, and calorically sweetened beverages. As obesity in America continues to be a growing problem, this guidance becomes of increasing importance due to many beverages’ potential links to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Cardiovascular disease (CVD), and numerous other harmful health effects. However, the growing popularity of “better for you” beverages is causing a shift in the market, with consumers requesting healthier beverage options. Beverages simultaneously present advantages while posing concerns that need to be evaluated and considered. Current trends of the beverage market such as the novel Soft Seltzer category as an alternative to Hard Seltzer and various mashups emerge.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Olfaction in Eusocial Ants
Eusocial ants (family Formicidae) engage in a broad range of social behaviors such as nursing the queen’s offspring, foraging for food, and defending their nest. Importantly, these behaviors critically depend on the exchange of information through the detection of chemical cues by a sophisticated olfactory system comprising among the largest number of odorant receptors (ORs) of any insect.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Genomics Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato Plant
Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae), generally known as tomato, is one of the most significant fruits that are nutritionally classified as a vegetable. It contains carotenoids (lycopene and carotene), phenolic compounds (flavonoids), vitamins (ascorbic acid, -tocopherol, vitamin A), glycoalkaloids (tomatine), and phytosterols (-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol).
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Real-Time PCR for Detection Dermatophytes
The control of the presence of dermatophytes in herds of cattle and other species of farm animals should be routinely performed. The ongoing improvements in the field of fungal detection techniques give new scope for clinical implementations in specialized laboratories and hospitals or veterinary clinics, including the monitoring of disease and the detection of side effects of drugs and environmental risks. 
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Fossa
The Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) is a unique and elusive carnivore native to the island of Madagascar. Resembling a large mongoose or small cougar, the Fossa is the largest carnivorous mammal on the island and is renowned for its agility and prowess as a predator. With its slender body, retractable claws, and sharp teeth, the Fossa is well-adapted to its arboreal habitat and plays a crucial role in regulating prey populations within Madagascar's diverse ecosystems.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
CRISPR Towards a Sustainable Agriculture
Climate change and the need to feed an increasing population undermines food production and safety, representing the reasons behind the development of a new agriculture that is much more sustainable, productive and accessible worldwide. Genome editing and, in particular, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) tools will play a major role in plant breeding to address these concerns. CRISPR/Cas includes a series of genome editing tools relying on the recognition and cleavage of target DNA/RNA sequences to introduce specific mutations.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Horseradish Breeding
Horseradish cultivars are highly heterozygous clones and are maintained through asexual propagation, using root cuttings.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Genetic characterization in Korean horse
In modern times, horse breeds, mostly in horse racing, are the Thoroughbred varieties obtained by breeding three Godolphin Arabians with British mares in England. Especially in Jeju Island, Korea, Jeju horses have been introduced from Mongolia since the 13th century. They have contributed a lot to the agricultural community, but their population has been rapidly decreasing due to rapid agricultural industrialization. Therefore, we sympathize with Jeju horse-specific genetic variation and compare and analyze evolutionary correlations by utilizing Whole Genome Sequencing analysis to evaluate the genetic diversity of Jeju horses and preserve genetic information. We explored Jeju horse-specific genetic differences through a comparative analysis of large-capacity genomic data between the public database and a Thoroughbred variety. In order to adapt to the barren external environment, it is predicted that Jeju horses have experienced strong positive selection in the direction of accumulating many genetic variations, enough to cause functional differences in the eqCD1a6 gene to have an efficient immune function. In addition, we further validate the Jeju horse-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in the eqCD1a6 gene by employing the digital PCR method, a diagnostic technique for genetic variations.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) from Plants
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are becoming promising cancer therapeutic and diagnostic metal NPs that attract researchers due to their unique physiochemical properties such as stability, biocompatibility, high thermal activity, optical, electrical, high surface area to volume ratio surface chemistry, and multifunctionalization, etc. By fine tuning the components and concentrations, AuNPs can be easily manufactured into various forms and sizes. AuNPs have also shown significant advancement in treating inflammatory diseases and bacterial infections.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Biomineralization Forming Process
Biomineralization is a process in which organic matter and inorganic matter combine with each other under the regulation of living organisms. 
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Chitin and Chitosan in Ruminant Diets
The slow progress in the development of the subsector, particularly of alternative feed sources such as agro-industrial byproducts and unconventional feed resources, has deepened the gap in the availability of and accessibility to animal feed. Production of animal feed is highly resource demanding. It has been shown that increasing climate change, land degradation, and the recurrence of droughts have worsened the feed gap. In the backdrop of these challenges, there has been attention to food-not-feed components, which have great potential to substitute human-edible components in livestock feeding. Chitosan, a non-toxic polyglucosamine, is widely distributed in nature and used as a feed additive. Chitosan is obtained from the de-acetylation process of the chitin and is mostly present in shrimp, crabs, and insect exoskeletons, and has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, antitumor, and immune-stimulatory hypo-cholesterolemic properties.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Ferroptosis
Ferroptosis, mainly mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is closely linked to multiple physiological and pathological processes in humans and animals, including cancer, arteriosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and acute renal failure.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Crystallization Behavior and Quality of Frozen Meat
Preservation of meat through freezing entails the use of low temperatures to extend a product’s shelf-life, mainly by reducing the rate of microbial spoilage and deterioration reactions. Characteristics of meat that are important to be preserve include tenderness, water holding capacity, color, and flavor. In general, freezing improves meat tenderness, but negatively impacts other quality attributes. The extent to which these attributes are affected depends on the ice crystalline size and distribution, which itself is governed by freezing rate and storage temperature and duration.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Brassinosteroids in Growth and Development of Plants
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of polyhydroxylated steroidal phytohormones that are required for the development, growth, and productivity of plants. These hormones are involved in regulating the division, elongation, and differentiation of numerous cell types throughout the entire plant life cycle.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Flavonoids
Flavonoids are health supplements commonly known in their tablet forms. Crops are rich in various sub-classes of flavonoids that could be used for human consumption. The biosynthesis and transport of flavonoids are major factors contributing to the accumulation of flavonoids in crops. On the other hand, the bioavailability of flavonoids to the human body governs the beneficial effects of the flavonoids on human health.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Reactive Nitrogen Flows in Bangladesh’s Agriculture Sector
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer use is the largest in the crop sector, an important sector, where current annual consumption is 1190 Gg. The present combined annual Nr production from crop, fishery, and livestock sectors is ~600 Gg, while emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas, are ~200 Gg. Poor N management results in Nr leaking into the environment, which has increased approximately 16-fold since 1961. One potential consequence is the disruption of ecosystem functioning. The balanced tradeoff between food production and reducing Nr input needs to be achieved. One solution to reducing unutilized reactive N (Nr) may be a holistic approach that optimizes N application rates and incorporates waste of one subsector as an input to another applying the principle of the circular economy. 
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Jan 2022
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