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Topic Review
Potential for Recovery of Valuable Minerals
Remining can be defined as the use of mine waste, including solid and liquid waste, as the source material from which to extract metals or create other materials of economic value. The socioeconomic appeal of remining derives from its ability to increase domestic supply, create jobs, and improve environmental conditions in areas affected by existing and historic mining activity. Renewable energy metals from remined materials can be sourced from legacy and modern mine wastes for original target metals/minerals and for metals/minerals that were not originally targeted. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Breast Cancer in the Arabian Gulf Countries
Breast cancer stands as the prevailing malignancy across all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. Most of the studies reported a consistent increase in breast cancer incidence over the past decades, which was particularly attributed to the adoption of a Westernized lifestyle in the region and the implications of emerging risk factors and other environmental and societal factors, the increase in screening uptake, as well as the improvement in data collection and reporting in the GCC. The data on breast cancer risk factors in the GCC were limited. In this geographic region, breast cancer frequently manifests with distinctive characteristics, including an early onset, typically occurring before the age of 50; an advanced stage at presentation; and a higher pathological grade. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Methylglyoxal-derived AGEs-Induced mitochondrial dysfunction/ER stress
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed via nonenzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and proteins. Recent studies have shown that methylglyoxal, a potent precursor for AGEs, causes a variety of biological dysfunctions, including diabetes, inflammation, renal failure, and cancer. However, little is known about the function of methylglyoxal-derived AGEs (AGE4) in kidney cells. Therefore, we verified the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes and apoptosis markers to determine the effects of AGE4 on human proximal epithelial cells (HK-2). Moreover, our results showed that AGE4 induced the expression of apoptosis markers, such as Bax, p53, and kidney injury molecule-1, but downregulated Bcl-2 and cyclin D1 levels. AGE4 also promoted the expression of NF-κB, serving as a transcription factor, and the phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), which induced cell apoptosis and ER stress mediated by the JNK inhibitor. Furthermore, AGE4 induced mitochondrial dysfunction by inducing the permeabilization of the mitochondrial membrane and ATP synthesis. 
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Curcumin as a Chemosensitizer in Conventional Chemotherapy
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) was used for thousands of years in traditional Indian and Eastern Asian medicine. Its cultivation in the Middle East was documented since the 18th century BC in the gardens of Babylon, well before its transfer to Africa, mainly through Arabic influences. To reverse multidrug resistance, curcuminoids can be used in combination with many other drugs as chemosensitizer in cancer chemotherapy.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Use of Phase Change Materials in Geopolymers
Phase change materials (PCM) were known already in the 1970s (similarly to geopolymers), but their development is observed today. This is related to the possibility of obtaining a stable phase as well as the possibility of optimization of construction materials concerning the construction needs. These materials can change their physical state depending on the ambient temperature. The most common method is liquid-solid conversion. In the area of application of phase change materials in the construction industry, examples of such materials include organic materials (paraffin, fatty acids), inorganic materials, and eutectics. 
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Memory, Motivation and Language Learning
When applying information and communication technologies (ICT)  in language learning, learners' motivation and the retention of both short and long-term memory were proved to be improved.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Astrocytes Involvement in AD
Astrocytes, the most numerous glia cells in the brain, have many housekeeping functions, maintain the homeostasis of the CNS and are responsible for neuroprotection and defense. Long regarded as a non-specific, mere consequence of AD pathology, activation of astrocytes is now considered a key factor in both initiation and progression of the disease, and suppression of astrogliosis exacerbates neuropathology. Reactive astrocytes overexpress many cytokines, chemokines, and signaling molecules that activate or damage neighboring cells and their interplay with microglia and neurons can result in virtuous/vicious cycles which differ in different brain regions. Heterogeneity of glia, either between or within a particular brain region, is likely relevant in healthy conditions and disease processes. Understanding the spatial differences and roles of glia will allow assessing how those interactions can influence the state and progression of the disease, and will be critical to identify therapeutic strategies.  
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Dec 2020
Topic Review
3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency
3-beta (β)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) deficiency is an inherited disorder that affects hormone-producing glands including the gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males) and the adrenal glands. The gonads direct sexual development before birth and during puberty. The adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys, regulate the production of certain hormones and control salt levels in the body. People with 3β-HSD deficiency lack many of the hormones that are made in these glands. 3β-HSD deficiency is one of a group of disorders known as congenital adrenal hyperplasias that impair hormone production and disrupt sexual development and maturation.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
TGFBI Gene
transforming growth factor beta induced
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
PIGO Gene
phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class O
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Land Use and Sustainable Sugarcane
Large-scale land-use change (LUC) to expand bioenergy crops, such as sugarcane, raises concerns about the potential negative environmental and socioeconomic side effects. However, such effects are context-specific, and depending on the LUC scenario and management practices, several co-benefits can be attained. In that context, sugarcane-derived bioenergy becomes an important, feasible and sustainable option for mitigating global warming and climate change.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Plant Genetic Resources
Several recent national and international projects have focused on large-scale genotyping of plant genetic resources in vegetatively propagated crops like fruit and berries, nuts, potatoes and woody ornamentals. The primary goal is usually to identify true-to-type plant material, detect possible synonyms, and investigate genetic diversity and relatedness among accessions. A secondary goal may be to create sustainable databases that can be utilized in research and breeding for several years ahead.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Basonym Lactobacillus plantarum) is a good candidate for developing oral vaccines because it survives gastrointestinal conditions transiently colonizing the intestinal tract, it beneficially modulates the mucosal immune responses not only locally (intestinal mucosa) but in distant mucosal sites as well (respiratory mucosa) and there are molecular techniques available for the manipulation of its genome.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Mobile Mental Health Application
The demand to improve mental quality of life has increased along with the recent increase in interest in and awareness of mental health. Consequently, the concept of mental health services emerged, along with an increased demand to manage mental health using information and communication technology (ICT) such as mobile communication and social network services (SNS).
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Nanoparticles for Thyroid Cancers
Thyroid cancer (TC) is rare relative to cancers of many other organs (breast, prostate, lung, and colon). The majority of TCs are differentiated tumors that are relatively easy to treat and have a good prognosis. However, for anaplastic TC, a rapidly growing and aggressive tumor, treatment is suboptimal because the effective drugs cause severe adverse effects. Drug delivery by nanocarriers can improve treatment by reducing side effects. This can either be mediated through better retention in the tumor tissue due to size (passive targeting) or through the attachment of specific molecules that zero in on the cancer cells (active targeting). Nanoparticles are already used for diagnosis and imaging of TC. For unresectable anaplastic TC, nanoparticle-based treatments, less suitable for deeply located cancers, could be useful, based on low-intensity focused ultrasound and near-infrared irradiation. All potential applications of nanoparticles in TC are still in the preclinical phase. 
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Social Capital on Social Networking-Sites
Although social capital has been researched from many approaches and attempts have been made to measure it online, the literature lacks an operational description that would allow its measurement criteria to be established from a social network perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify in the literature what metrics researchers use to measure Social Capital on social networking sites from a social network perspective. Thus, this contribution offers a theoretical description of the key elements for measuring social capital in social networking sites, which may be useful in subsequent studies
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Dietary Fiber Intake and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer
 Dietary fiber intake reduces the risk of pancreatic cancer. 
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Contextual Route Recommendation System
The traffic composition in developing countries comprises of variety of vehicles which include cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles. Motorcycles dominate the road with 77.5% compared to other types. Meanwhile, route recommendation such as navigation and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is limited to particular vehicles only. Traffic condition prediction aims to discuss the proper method to result a better prediction analysis. Route recommendation aims to explore the existing work on how to provide the best route for users. The two domains would be the parts of our framework to result contextual route recommendations in heterogeneous traffic flow.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Potential Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
The main host target receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is involved in maintaining blood pressure and vascular remodeling, and is expressed on adipocytes, other cells at mucosal surfaces, and in the vasculature, heart, kidneys, pancreas and brain.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Fruits Vinegar
Fruits vinegar (FsV) is a healthy drink wealthy in bioactive compounds that provide several beneficial properties. It contains a cocktail of bioactive ingredients including polyphenolic acids, organic acids, tetramethylperazine, and melanoidins. Acetic acid is the most abundant organic acid and chlorogenic acid is the major phenol in apple vinegar. The administration of fruits vinegar could prevent diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress, cancer, and boost immunity as well as provide a remarkable antioxidant ability. 
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2022
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