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Topic Review
Mass Spectrometry Proteomics in Neuropsychiatric Disorder Biomarkers Assessment
The success of mass spectrometry (MS) in proteomics is mainly due to its specificity and sensitivity, which are attributable to advances in liquid chromatography coupled to tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) approaches, and the development of statistical tools that allow the use of Big Data analysis strategies to extract meaningful biological information obtained by MS-based methods. This type of technology can reveal proteome insights at the composition, structure, and function level. Proteomics tools make it possible to evaluate the proteins in complex biological samples qualitatively and quantitatively (either relative or absolute). Based on the meta-analysis results, the upregulation of FCN3 and downregulation of APOA1, APOA2, APOC1, and APOC3 in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients is suggested. Despite the proven ability of MS proteomics to characterize SCZ, several confounding factors contribute to the heterogeneity of the findings.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Environmental, Social and Governance
The world is constantly changing, and with an evolving global environmental crisis, there is a growing trend of Corporate Social Responsibility, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure initiatives. The final report on the new E.U. taxonomy for sustainable activities was released in 2020, making ESG disclosure more relevant. Environmental, Social, and Governance refers to non-financial information about how a firm deals with issues on this matter, and its importance for firm valuation is growing. Even though ESG information might lack standardisation, scholars argue that it can help adapt to environmental changes and even be a part of a company’s competitive strategy.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Mortuary Archaeology
Mortuary archaeology, also known as bioarchaeology, is the study of human remains in their archaeological context. Mortuary archaeology aims to generate an understanding of disease, migration, health, nutrition, gender, status, and kinship among past populations. Ultimately, these topics help to produce a picture of the daily lives of past individuals. Mortuary archaeology tends to focus how individuals can contribute to understanding the population. Mortuary archaeologists draw upon the humanities, as well as social and hard sciences to have a full understanding of the individual. Mortuary archaeologists also use living groups to their advantage when studying populations that are no longer living. Mortuary archaeologists also are involved in conflict archaeology, and study mass burials from different historical events, like World War II and the Guatemalan genocide. These particular events will deal with comingled individuals. However, not all events are involved in mass burials or of historic context. One instance of a single individual involved in conflict, is that of Otzi. This is an example of a single individual that had been shot and killed. There are different methods that contribute to mortuary archaeology including analyzing different burial techniques between and within populations and creating a biological profile of the individual(s).
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Competitive Enterprise Institute
The Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) is a non-profit libertarian think tank founded by political writer Fred L. Smith Jr. on March 9, 1984, in Washington, D.C., to advance principles of limited government, free enterprise, and individual liberty. CEI focuses on a number of regulatory policy issues, including energy, environment, business and finance, labor, technology and telecommunications, transportation, and food and drug regulation. According to the 2017 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), CEI is number 59 (of 60) in the "Top Think Tanks in the United States". Academic research has identified it as one of the Conservative think tanks central to promoting climate change denial.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2022
Topic Review
OPALS
Optical PAyload for Lasercomm Science (OPALS) is a spacecraft communication instrument developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory that was tested on the International Space Station (ISS) from 18 April 2014 to 17 July 2014 to demonstrate the technology for laser communications systems between spacecraft and ground stations. The purpose of OPALS is to do research into replacing traditional radio-frequency (RF) communications which are currently used on spacecraft. This will allow spacecraft to increase the rate at which data is downlinked by 10 to 100 times. It also will have less error than RF communication. It launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station to the ISS on 18 April 2014 on a Falcon 9 SpaceX CRS-3 Dragon capsule resupply.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Air Source Heat Pumps
An air source heat pump (ASHP) is a system that transfers heat from outside to inside a building, or vice versa. Under the principles of vapor compression refrigeration, an ASHP uses a refrigerant system involving a compressor and a condenser to absorb heat at one place and release it at another. They can be used as a space heater or cooler, and are sometimes called "reverse-cycle air conditioners". In domestic heating use, an ASHP absorbs heat from outside air and releases it inside the building, as hot air, hot water-filled radiators, underfloor heating and/or domestic hot water supply. The same system can often do the reverse in summer, cooling the inside of the house. When correctly specified, an ASHP can offer a full central heating solution and domestic hot water up to 80 °C.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Perioperative Medication Therapy
Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common among surgical patients, especially older patients with polypharmacy and underlying diseases. DRPs can potentially lead to morbidity, mortality, and increased treatment costs. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) system has shown great advantages in managing surgical patients. Medication therapy management for surgical patients is an important part of the ERAS system. Improper medication therapy management can lead to serious consequences and even death.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Waste as Cement Replacement in Foamed Concrete
Foamed concrete is a lightweight construction material that has gained popularity due to its excellent thermal and acoustic insulation properties. Foamed concrete production involves using cement as a binding agent, which results in a high carbon footprint. In response to sustainable development goals (SDG), there has been a growing interest in exploring alternative materials that can replace cement to improve energy efficiency, climate change, resource efficiency, and overall improvement of foamed concrete properties.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists as Therapeutic Agent for Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor predominantly affecting children and adolescents with high malignant potential. It is a cause of serious public health challenges due to its high morbidity rates and metastatic potential. Metastasis in osteosarcoma may manifest either during treatment of the primary tumor, shortly after treatment, or a long time after the end of the treatment. So far, there are no therapeutics that can prevent or treat osteosarcoma metastasis. The peptide substance P (SP) and its high-affinity receptor, Neurokinin-1 (NK-1R), are known to positively correlate with osteosarcoma progression. Osteosarcoma cells overexpress NK-1R. SP is known to elicit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and induce angiogenesis and migration, leading to the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. In contrast, NK-1R antagonists, such as aprepitant, inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Aprepitant is also known to inhibit the migration of osteosarcoma cells, as well as reduce the expression levels and activities of transcriptional regulators of metastasis-related genes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). These preceding studies highlighted the antimetastatic role of aprepitant in osteosarcoma Moreover, combination therapy consisting of chemotherapy and NK-1R antagonist increases the chemosensitization of osteosarcoma cells.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Social Entrepreneurship and Crowdfunding
The term “social entrepreneurship” refers to business ventures which seek to create an enterprise with a social mission. In practice, it is extremely challenging for social entrepreneurs to obtain funding through conventional channels. Crowdfunding has emerged as a potential solution to those funding constraints, enabling social entrepreneurs to assess capital and build networks for supporters.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Natural Silk and Silk Waste
Silk is one of the oldest and most useful animal fibres known to man. Silk thread is a product of the silk-producing glands of certain insects that create a net around themselves or form cocoons. The data obtained from previous studies show that the degree of silk waste practical use is still low, although silk is an expensive and highly valuable product. Furthermore, the use of natural resources to satisfy human needs also requires the extensive use of recyclable materials.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Energetic Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Lignocellulosic biomass, derived from plant cell walls, has gained significant attention as a promising renewable energy source due to its abundance, low cost, and potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The increasing demand for sustainable and carbon-neutral energy solutions has driven extensive research on the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into valuable energy products. This biomass type is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, with each component presenting unique challenges and opportunities for effective valorization. The valorization of lignocellulosic biomass involves a series of physical, chemical, and biological processes to convert its complex structure into high-energy-density fuels and chemicals.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Jul 2023
Topic Review
DDOS Attack Detection in High-Speed Network
Two forms of DoS attack are troubling, DoS and DDoS (DDoS). Typically, DDoS attacks occur through linked devices from numerous locations. The attack can cause unusual activity that interrupts the regular traffic of specific servers, services, and networks through data bombardment from nearby infrastructure. This unusual activity creates tremendous continuous service requests to the servers and networks, making it difficult to identify a trustworthy source.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
CSR Practices on Customer Value Co-Creation and Perception
The rapid development of digitalization has introduced greater variability and trust-related risks to the banking industry. Enhancing customers’ perception of value co-creation with banks is a critical issue that requires attention. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices have no impact on customer value co-creation in the digital context. CSR practices have a positive impact on customers’ perception of a company’s social responsibility.  customers’ perception of a company’s social responsibility has a positive impact on customer value co-creation; and customers’ perception plays a mediating role between CSR practices and customer value co-creation. 
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning in Materials Synthesis and Property Prediction
Material innovation plays a very important role in technological progress and industrial development. Traditional experimental exploration and numerical simulation often require considerable time and resources. A new approach is urgently needed to accelerate the discovery and exploration of new materials. Machine learning can greatly reduce computational costs, shorten the development cycle, and improve computational accuracy.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogels for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death globally, affects the heart and arteries with a variety of clinical manifestations, the most dramatic of which are myocardial infarction (MI), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. In MI, necrosis of the myocardium, scar formation, and loss of cardiomyocytes result from insufficient blood supply due to coronary artery occlusion. Beyond stenosis, the arteries that are structurally and functionally connected to the cardiac tissue can undergo pathological dilation, i.e., aneurysmal dilation, with high risk of rupture. Aneurysms of the intracranial arteries (IAs) are more commonly seen in young adults, whereas those of the abdominal aorta (AAA) are predominantly seen in the elderly. IAs, unpredictably, can undergo rupture and cause life-threatening hemorrhage, while AAAs can result in rupture, internal bleeding and high mortality rate. In this clinical context, hydrogels, three-dimensional networks of water-seizing polymers, have emerged as promising biomaterials for cardiovascular tissue repair or protection due to their biocompatibility, tunable properties, and ability to encapsulate and release bioactive molecules.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Polyethylene-Glycol Formulations
Background: Soft tissue regeneration and remodeling is fundamental in periodontal surgery, thus we investigated the angiogenic response elicited in the subcutaneous tissue of rats by a proprietary, polyethylene glycol hydrogel formulation (PEG) alone or conjugated with specific amelogenins (EMD) or nanobioglass particles (NBG). Methods: Discs with three different formulations (PEG, PEG-EMD, and PEG-NBG) were inserted into four unconnected subcutaneous pouches, produced on the back of Sprague-Dawley rats (n=56, divided into three groups), and used for blood flow evaluation by Laser Doppler analysis at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks or for histological and immunohistochemical analysis at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Results: All formulations showed tissue integration, absence of inflammatory reaction (as revealed by myeloperoxidase staining), and increased vascularization (by counting microvascular density following CD31 staining). Laser Doppler analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in blood flow after 1 week for PEG-EMD and after 2 weeks for PEG-NBG. The angiogenic response was significantly increased at 1, 2, and 8 weeks for PEG-EMD, but only at 4 weeks for PEG-NBG. Conclusions: The studied biomaterials revealed equal biocompatibility and tissue integration properties. PEG-EMD showed the most pronounced and consistent angiogenic response in the early phases of wound healing, while the PEG-NBG formulation provided a slower and delayed, but relevant, response.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Covid19 : IMMUNITY AND LIFESTYLE
Immunity is an important term directly related to prevent any kind of infection spreading -particularly Covid19 under this pandemic situation . The specs of immunity depends on various factors like Foods & Diets , Environment / Ecology , Good Habits , Natural Remedies like Herbs& Anti-Oxidant therapy. Now we will discuss the every aspects of Immunity for boosting it up for a natural prevention of Covid19 ! . If we maintain the following factors strictly our immune system will be strong enough to fight against this Viral Curse !! .The most important is the REFERENCE section where some queries / discussions are pointed out related to the Immunity factors majorly .
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Highly Divergent Passerine Adenovirus 1
Wild animals harbour a large number of adenoviruses that remain uncharacterised with respect to their genomic organisation, diversity, and evolution within complex ecosystems. Here, we discovered the first complete genome sequence of an atadenovirus from a passerine bird that is tentatively named Passerine adenovirus 1 (PaAdV-1). The PaAdV-1 genome is 39,664 bp in length, which was the longest atadenovirus to be sequenced, to the best of our knowledge, and contained 42 putative genes. Its genome organisation was characteristic of the members of genus Atadenovirus; however, the novel PaAdV-1 genome was highly divergent and showed the highest sequence similarity with psittacine adenovirus-3 (55.58%). Importantly, PaAdV-1 complete genome was deemed to contain 17 predicted novel genes that were not present in any other adenoviruses sequenced to date, with several of these predicted novel genes encoding proteins that harbour transmembrane helices. Subsequent analysis of the novel PaAdV-1 genome positioned phylogenetically to a distinct sub-clade with all others sequenced atadenoviruses and did not show any obvious close evolutionary relationship. In contrast to the previous studies where authors proposed the reptilian origin of atadenoviruses, our resulting tress consistently demonstrated that atadenoviruses might have first evolved in a bird species that was present before the passerines and psittacine clades separated and were the ancestor of both clades. Further investigations on the structure and function of its major proteins and extended studies on closely related species can be suggested to broaden the knowledge in host specificity for adenovirus infection.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Mesenchymal Cells for RP Therapy
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a complex inherited retinal dystrophy currently lacking effective therapies: this represents one of the greatest challenges in the field of ophthalmological research. Stem cells, especially mesenchymal cells represents a feasible therapeutic option in RP, limitating both oxidative stress and apoptotic processes triggered by the disease and promoting cell survival. 
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Oct 2020
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