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Topic Review
School Spatial Environment and Visual Health of Minors
Rising childhood myopia rate has detrimental health consequences that pose a considerable challenge to health systems. The school spatial environment, which is where students are for the longest period of time, has a high health value for myopia systematic intervention. Intensive near work activity (as a risk factor) and longer time spent outdoors (as a protective factor), are involved in visual health factors. Two main research themes are obtained and relate to: (1) The environment of visual work behavior (especially the near work learning environment) and adaptable multimedia learning environment; and (2) the environment of outdoor exposure behavior.
  • 641
  • 27 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Digital Collaboration in Mixed-Use Housing Developments
Mixed-use development—with a diverse mix of residential, retail, commercial, social, and entertainment spaces all in one structure—has been recognised as an optimal solution to numerous urban challenges, including social, economic, and environmental ones. Such multifaceted programs can promote social equity and inclusiveness by offering a variety of housing options to people with a wide range of economic abilities. These potential social benefits of bringing a diverse range of amenities and services together can lead to enhanced safety and increased movement independence, especially for socially disadvantaged groups.
  • 639
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Explainable Approaches for Forecasting Building Electricity Consumption
Building electric energy is characterized by a significant increase in its uses (e.g., vehicle charging), a rapidly declining cost of all related data collection, and a proliferation of smart grid concepts, including diverse and flexible electricity pricing schemes. Not surprisingly, an increased number of approaches have been proposed for its modeling and forecasting.
  • 636
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Smart Decision-Support in Aging Buildings
The framework integrated digital technological advancements, such as building information modeling (BIM), point clouds processing with field information modeling (FIM)®, and structural optimization, together with lifecycle assessment to evaluate and rate the environmental impact of different solutions in aging buildings. Three sustainability aspects, namely, cost, energy consumption, and carbon emissions, were quantitatively evaluated and compared in two scenarios, namely, renovation, and demolition or deconstruction combined with redevelopment. Through a case study in Germany, it was demonstrated that the proposed framework can support decision-makers in selecting the optimal rehabilitation strategy in aging buildings.
  • 631
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Fusion of Knowledge Graphs into Cognitive Modular Production
Modular production has been recognized as a pivotal approach for enhancing productivity and cost reduction within the industrialized building industry. In the pursuit of further optimization of production processes, the concept of cognitive modular production (CMP) has been proposed, aiming to integrate digital twins (DTs), artificial intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into modular production systems. This fusion would imbue these systems with perception and decision-making capabilities, enabling autonomous operations. However, the efficacy of this approach critically hinges upon the ability to comprehend the production process and its variations, as well as the utilization of IoT and cognitive functionalities. Knowledge graphs (KGs) represent a type of graph database that organizes data into interconnected nodes (entities) and edges (relationships), thereby providing a visual and intuitive representation of intricate systems. 
  • 625
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Sustainable Communities
Machine Learning (ML), a subset of Artificial Intelligence (AI), is gaining popularity in the architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector. In the interior environment, they contribute to energy management by optimizing energy usage, finding inefficiencies, and recommending modifications to minimize consumption. This contributes to reducing the environmental effect of energy generation. Similarly, AI and ML technologies aid in addressing environmental challenges. They can monitor air quality, noise levels, and waste management systems to quickly discover and minimize pollution sources. Likewise, AI and ML applications in construction processes enhance planning, scheduling, and facility management.
  • 624
  • 19 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Livability in a Smart Environment
Public spaces play a significant role in improving social, recreational and cultural activities that are inclusive. However, smart public spaces are required to save time and costs, and to provide comfort to the public, ultimately enhancing livability. There are various user requirements and demands to respond to.
  • 621
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
4D-Based Environmental Impact Analysis of Road Project Variants
Road construction work has a multitude of impacts on its host environment, and the effect of these impacts varies according to the areas it crosses. Taking these impacts into account from the earliest stages of project planning is the ideal approach pursued by planners to ensure that their plans not only take these impacts into account but also mitigate their effects as much as possible. Drawing up a project schedule that considers the impact of the work requires an in-depth understanding of its scale, spatial extent, and timing. 
  • 611
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Crop-Based Materials in the Built Environment
The use of bio-based building materials as an alternative to replacing concrete or insulation materials is called to become a growing trend in the construction industry.
  • 607
  • 14 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Commercial Complex Atrium Roof with Resilient Ventilation
Carbon-neutral architectural design focuses on rationally utilizing the building’s surroundings to reduce its environmental impact. Resilient ventilation systems, developed according to the thermal comfort requirements of building energy-saving research, have few applications.
  • 604
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Energy Harvesting Opportunities in Geoenvironmental Engineering
Energy harvesting (EH)—or energy scavenging—methods and technologies have been developed to reduce the dependence on traditional energy sources, namely fossil fuels, and nuclear power, also responding to the increase in energy demands for human activities and to fulfill sustainable development goals. EH in geoenvironmental works and the surrounding soil and water environment includes a set of processes for capturing and accumulating energy from several sources considered wasted or unusable associated with soil dynamics; the stress and strain of geomaterials, hydraulic, vibrations, biochemical, light, heating and wind sources can be potential EH systems. 
  • 595
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Wall System with Dynamic Thermal Insulation
Dynamic thermal insulation systems (DTISs) can adapt to external environment conditions and help to reduce energy consumption and increase occupants’ thermal comfort, contributing towards the mitigation of overheating. DTISs adjust their configuration to optimize heat transfer through the façade. 
  • 573
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
FAB Digital Twin implementation
With the advancement of state-of-the-art technologies, the semiconductor industry plays a key role as an essential component in the manufacture of various electronic products. Since the manufacturing of a semiconductor goes through very sophisticated and complex processes, efficient and accurate work and management are essential in the design, construction, and operation stages of the semiconductor fabrication (FAB) plant.
  • 559
  • 09 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Lower Adopted Technologies in US Residential Building Sector
The United States (US) building sector is responsible for 40% of the national energy demand and 40% of national CO2 emissions, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). These levels represent the largest energy and CO2 contributions of any sector. In particular, residential buildings account for 21% of US energy consumption, with over 60% attributed to space and water heating end-uses. The high energy demand, in tandem with the growing climate crisis, growth in population, and increase in global access to reliable power, is causing an energy supply crisis.
  • 504
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Control Technology for a Geological Bedding Bias Tunnel
The Baishitou Tunnel of the Dali–Lincang railway project is a weakly cemented surrounding rock tunnel with geological bedding bias. The deformation of the surrounding rock on the side with the greatest stress is nearly 1 m, which seriously affects construction progress and significantly increases construction cost. In order to achieve the goal of safe, efficient, economic, and socially sustainable development in tunnel construction, it is necessary to study the large deformation of weakly cemented surrounding rock in the geological bedding bias tunnel.
  • 501
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
3D Laser Scanner in a Structural Framework
As interest in smart construction technology increases, various smart construction technologies are being used for sustainable construction management. Among these technologies, 3D laser scanning technology receives data such as the speed, time, direction, and distance of light or laser beams reflected from the target object, allowing the representation of the object’s shape in a 3D-coordinate-based point cloud. Currently, a variety of equipment is used in 3D laser scanning, with the time-of-flight (TOF) method and phase-shift method commonly employed for laser scanning to detect the wavelength. This technology stands out for phenomena analysis and monitoring, with various applications being studied for construction engineering and management in construction industry.
  • 497
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Impact of COVID-19 on Construction Production Rate
At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 contagious virus swept, which caused a lot of disturbances in all countries worldwide. To decrease the spreading of the virus during the pandemic, many managers and decision-makers decided to have laborers working remotely via different technology and some sites. On the other hand, governments issued new rules about the lockdown and working times to control the spread of the virus and reduce losses.
  • 482
  • 19 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Building Information Modeling in Assessing Buildings Carbon Footprint
The analysis of the carbon footprint of buildings is a key tool for assessing the impact of different buildings on climate change. Several frameworks and methodologies are available to calculate the footprint of buildings, including standards and norms, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and dedicated software tools. The use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) programme for these calculations is both scientifically justified and very practical.
  • 453
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Flexible Photovoltaics
Flexible PVs encompass the second and third generations of photovoltaic (PV) materials. Both perovskite (PSCs) and organic PV (OPV) can be integrated into PV textile membranes, which benefit from their flexibility and easy production techniques, similar to textile processes, and this has created new markets for PV applications. The flexibility of solar cells mainly depends on the substrates used. They can be divided into (i) plastic and (ii) metallic substrates. Plastic ones are composed of polymeric materials (e.g., PEN, PET, PTFE, ETFE). These substrates are characterised by low cost, high optical transparency, chemical stability, and favourable bendability.
  • 442
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Self-Consumption of Photovoltaic Solar-Energy in Higher Education Institutions
The use of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy for self-consumption has shown clear benefits in promoting a sustainable campus of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), especially in terms of the site’s carbon footprint reduction, energy costs reduction, or the possibility of reselling the electric energy generated to the national electricity grid when local regulation allows a situation of that kind. Solar panels are connected directly to the grid via inverters; therefore, the energy produced can be transmitted to the site for self-consumption, and, if possible, the excess can be sold to the national electric network and returned to the grid.
  • 429
  • 24 Nov 2023
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