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Topic Review
TGFβ Signalling in Helminths
There has been little interaction between parasitologists and oncologists, some helminth infections predispose to the development of tumours. In addition, both parasites and tumours need to survive immune attack. The research suggests that both tumours and parasites suppress the immune response to increase their chances of survival. They both co-opt the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling pathway to modulate the immune response to their benefit.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Non-Random Segregation Errors in Mitosis and Meiosis
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of cancer and a major cause of miscarriages in humans. It is caused by chromosome segregation errors during cell divisions. Evidence is mounting that the probability of specific chromosomes undergoing a segregation error is non-random. In other words, some chromosomes have a higher chance of contributing to aneuploid karyotypes than others. This could have important implications for the origins of recurrent aneuploidy patterns in cancer and developing embryos.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Combined Electrocoagulation and Adsorption Processes
The electrocoagulation (EC) process is a possible alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods. Characteristics of the process, such as its flexibility, easy operation, no need for additional chemicals, and its ability to deal with different contaminants, have been increasing the interest in its implementation. The EC process found application in the treatment of different contaminated waters, and several studies have shown the potential of this technology. Adsorption (AD) is another attractive way of treating wastewaters due to the potential of using low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbents. Due to their high surface area and well-developed pore structure, activated carbons are the most used adsorbents in wastewater treatment systems. The high price of activated carbon limits its application. The combination of the EC and AD processes can be used to amplify the advantages that each process presents in treating wastewaters. As a first step, the EC process reduces the pollutant loading and the suspended solids concentration, which can benefit the AD process by delaying the adsorbent saturation and preventing clogging. Additionally, each adsorption/regeneration cycle could result in the adsorbent losing some of its capacity; as a result, delaying adsorbent saturation helps to increase its useful life. 
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19 Impact on Cancer-Related Care in America
COVID-19 impacted several health services, including cancer-related care. Its implications were significant due to the lapse in hospital resources, compounded by the delays stemming from the economic effects on patients’ jobs and medical coverage. Furthermore, reports suggesting an increased risk for morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 in patients with cancer and those on active cancer treatment caused additional fear and potential delays in seeking medical services.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Synthesis of Perovskite Nanowires
Metal halide perovskites are promising energy materials because of their high absorption coefficients, long carrier lifetimes, strong photoluminescence, and low cost. Low-dimensional halide perovskites, especially one-dimensional (1D) halide perovskite nanowires (NWs), have become a hot research topic in optoelectronics owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties. 
  • 1.2K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is an important repair enzyme that removes various covalent adducts from the 3′ end of DNA. Particularly, covalent complexes of topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) with DNA stabilized by DNA damage or by various chemical agents are an examples of such adducts. 
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Sex Differences on Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder with two-thirds of cases diagnosed in women. It is becoming clear that there is a complex interplay between the immune system, sex hormones and AD. Microglia are major players in the neuroinflammatory process occurring in AD and have been shown to be directly affected by sex hormones. 
  • 1.2K
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Development of the Generation of Solar Cells
Solar energy is of prime importance in all renewable energy sources as the Sun shines at the Earth for 8 to 10 h on average. Thus, heat can be harnessed to generate electricity, but solar cells are not substantially efficient because the materials used in them are quite costly and waste a considerable amount of energy, mostly as heat, which subsequently reduces the efficiency of the cell and increases the overall price as well. These challenges can be dealt with by designing more efficient, economical systems of storage and manufacturing PV cells with high efficacy. Scientists and engineers are more inclined toward advanced technologies and material manipulation to enhance the efficiency of solar energy and reduce its cost.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Peptide-Based Gene Delivery Vectors
Gene therapy is the ultimate therapeutic technology for diseases related to gene abnormality. However, the use of DNA alone has serious problems, such as poor stability and difficulty in entering target cells. The development of a safe and efficient gene delivery system is the cornerstone of gene therapy. Of particular interest, multifunctional peptides are rationally designed as non-viral vectors for efficient gene delivery. As components of gene delivery vectors, these peptides play critically important roles in skeleton construction, the implementation of targeting strategies, cell membrane penetration, endosome rupture, and nuclear transport.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sweeteners and Gut Microbiome
Worldwide, the demand for natural and synthetic sweeteners in the food industry as an alternative to refined sugar is increasing. This has prompted more research to be conducted to estimate its safety and effects on health. The gut microbiome is critical in metabolizing selected sweeteners which might affect overall health. Recently, more studies have evaluated the relationship between sweeteners and the gut microbiome.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Use of UAVs and 3D Modeling in Planning
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly referred to as drones, is a rapidly advancing technology. UAVs have become more accessible for urban planning and historic preservation due to their lower cost of acquisition and easier entry requirements for new pilots in comparison to airborne and satellite platforms. The use of 3D modeling has been prevalent in various fields; at present, an expanding trend involves the utilization of 3D modeling technology in the preservation of historical sites. It is possible that detailed and accurate representations of existing buildings could have ethical implications for the development of 3D models. As an example, researchers have pointed limitations or even misrepresentation of buildings in the creation of digital 3D representations. Drone photogrammetry offers enhanced methods to represent existing buildings with in more detail.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Transforming Aerospace: The Advantages of Automation
The aerospace industry is one of the most complex and demanding sectors, requiring precision, reliability, and efficiency. Automation has emerged as a game-changer, transforming how aerospace components are manufactured, assembled, and maintained. This article explores the advantages of automation in the aerospace industry and how it is revolutionizing the sector.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Jul 2024
Topic Review
Gastric Cancer in Molecular Landscape
Gastric cancers have been historically classified based on histomorphologic features. The Cancer Genome Atlas network reported the comprehensive identification of genetic alterations associated with gastric cancer, identifying four distinct subtypes— Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive, microsatellite-unstable/instability (MSI), genomically stable and chromosomal instability. In particular, EBV-positive and MSI gastric cancers seem responsive to novel immunotherapies drugs. The aim of this entry is to describe MSI and EBV positive gastric cancer’s subgroups and their relationship with novel immunotherapy.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Familial Isolated Hyperparathyroidism
Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism is an inherited condition characterized by overactivity of the parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism).
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Epidermal Stem Cells
The skin surface is modified by numerous appendages. These structures arise from epithelial stem cells (SCs) through the induction of epidermal placodes as a result of local signalling interplay with mesenchymal cells based on the Wnt–(Dkk4)–Eda–Shh cascade. Slight modifications of the cascade, with the participation of antagonistic signalling, decide whether multipotent epidermal SCs develop in interfollicular epidermis, scales, hair/feather follicles, nails or skin glands. 
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Heat Shock Protein 90
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that could modulate the pain signaling.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is a rare, recessive genetic disorder. The typical signs in affected patients are dwarfism, polydactyly, dysmorphic faces and dental anomalies. 
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Telehealth Geriatrics during COVID-19
Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected older people disproportionately. Prior to the pandemic, some studies reported that telehealth was an efficient and effective form of health care delivery, particularly for older people. There has been increased use of telehealth and publication of new literature on this topic during the pandemic, so we conducted a scoping review and evidence synthesis for telehealth use in geriatric care to summarize learning from these new data.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Forest RS
Natural, semi-natural, and planted forests are a key asset worldwide, providing a broad range of positive externalities. For sustainable forest planning and management, remote sensing (RS) platforms are rapidly going mainstream. In a framework where scientific production is growing exponentially, a systematic analysis of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based forestry research papers is of paramount importance to understand trends, overlaps and gaps. 
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Rheumatoid Arthritis Gene Therapy
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory joint disease affecting about 1% of the population worldwide. Current treatment approaches do not ensure a cure for every patient. Moreover, classical regimens are based on nontargeted systemic immune suppression and have significant side effects. Biological treatment has advanced considerably but efficacy and specificity issues remain. Gene therapy is one of the potential future directions for RA therapy, which is rapidly developing. Several gene therapy trials done so far have been of moderate success, but experimental and genetics studies have yielded novel targets. As a result, the arsenal of gene therapy tools keeps growing. Currently, both viral and nonviral delivery systems are used for RA therapy.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Jul 2021
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