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Topic Review
Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interface in Anode Materials
Due to the ever-growing importance of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, the development of electrode materials and their processing techniques remains a hot topic in academia and industry. Even the well-developed and widely utilized active materials present issues, such as surface reactivity, irreversible capacity in the first cycle, and ageing. Thus, there have been many efforts to modify and coat the surface of active materials to enhance the electrochemical performance of the resulting electrodes and cells. This type of coating stands out because of the possibility of acting as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (A-SEI), serving as an anode protective layer. 
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Management of Agroforestry for Soil Improvement
Agroforestry integrates woody perennials with arable crops, livestock, or fodder in the same piece of land, promoting the more efficient utilization of resources as compared to monocropping via the structural and functional diversification of components. This integration of trees provides various soil-related ecological services such as fertility enhancements and improvements in soil physical, biological, and chemical properties, along with food, wood, and fodder. 
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
UPLC Technique in Pharmacy
In recent years, ultra-efficient liquid chromatography (UPLC) has gained particular popularity due to the possibility of faster separation of small molecules. This technique, used to separate the ingredients present in multi-component mixtures, has found application in many fields, such as chemistry, pharmacy, food, and biochemistry. It is an important tool in both research and production. UPLC created new possibilities for analytical separation without reducing the quality of the obtained results. This technique is therefore a milestone in liquid chromatography. Thanks to the increased resolution, new analytical procedures, in many cases, based on existing methods, are being developed, eliminating the need for re-analysis. Researchers are trying to modify and transfer the analytical conditions from the commonly used HPLC method to UPLC. This topic may be of strategic importance in the analysis of medicinal substances.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Durability Aspects of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete
The creation of sustainable composites reinforced with natural fibers has drawn the interest of both industrial and academics. Basalt fiber (BF) stands out as the most intriguing among the natural fibers that may be utilized as reinforcement due to their characteristics. Numerous academics have conducted many tests on the strength, durability, temperature, and microstructure characteristics of concrete reinforced with BF and have found promising results. However, because the information is dispersed, readers find it problematic to assess the advantages of BF reinforced concrete, which limits its applications.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Immunotherapy or Immuno-Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Surgical resections remain the gold standard for early stages non-small-cell carcinoma (NSCLC) and may be considered for locally advanced tumors. Medical treatment has changed drastically, especially for advanced stages, for which the development of immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy significantly increased survival and quality of life. The addition of radical surgical resection following immunotherapy or immuno-chemotherapy is feasible and safe with low surgical-related mortality and morbidity in selected patients with initially unresectable NSCLC.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Frequency Control and Virtual Inertia Emulation
Integrating renewable energy through inverter-based generators has decreased the power system’s inertia. Reduced inertia may lead to frequency instability during power imbalance disturbances, particularly in an isolated power system with limited inertia. The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and a virtual inertia (VI) emulation control system have become popular to mitigate this issue. Nonetheless, the BESS utilization for VI emulation is highly dependent on the availability of BESS capacity, which may affect the energy cost. Therefore, developing a VI emulation control strategy that requires less energy and can recover the state of charge (SoC) to a desired level to optimize BESS utilization is required.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Diamond-like Carbon Coatings with Ionic Liquid Lubricants
Owing to the solid lubrication characteristic of Diamond-like carbon coatings (DLCs), which reduces wear and friction and protects contacting surfaces from degredation, DLCs are often used in industrial machinery and harsh environments. DLC coatings are optimized by adjusting operating and deposition parameters as well as doping them with other elements to improve performance, such as thermal stability and chemical resistance. Ionic liquid (ILs) are a promising green lubricant option due to their low melting temperature, superior thermal stability, and acceptabble miscibility with organic substances. ILs have been studied as main lubricants and additives to the main lubricants, and their tribological properties have been investigated, including their use as extreme temperature lubricants. The tribological properties of pure/doped DLC coatings with ILs have also been explored, although limited research has been conducted in this area. The combined synergistic effect of DLCs and ILs shows great promise in reducing energy loss due to friction, promoting longevity, and conserving energy.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Decision Support Systems in Forestry and Tree-Planting Practices
Using deep neural networks (DNNs), a decision support system (DSS) can be trained to learn from a large dataset of tree data, including information about tree species, climate, soil conditions, and other factors that influence tree growth and survival. This is because the use of neural networks was proposed three decades ago to solve forest management problems by integrating forest knowledge with artificial intelligence (AI). AI greatly benefits sustainability and the preservation of ecosystem values, as increasing disruptions in a changing world can only be managed beyond human intelligence. Furthermore, despite the various DSSs and AI systems used, the appointment of appropriate project managers is crucial to the execution and subsequent success of a project.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Nrf2 in Wound Healing Process
Wound healing involves a series of cellular events in damaged cells and tissues initiated with hemostasis and finally culminating with the formation of a fibrin clot. However, delay in the normal wound healing process during pathological conditions due to reactive oxygen species, inflammation and immune suppression at the wound site represents a medical challenge. So far, many therapeutic strategies have been developed to improve cellular homeostasis and chronic wounds in order to accelerate wound repair. In this context, the role of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) during the wound healing process has been a stimulating research topic for therapeutic perspectives. Nrf2 is the main regulator of intracellular redox homeostasis. It increases cytoprotective gene expression and the antioxidant capacity of mammalian cells. It has been reported that some bioactive compounds attenuate cellular stress and thus accelerate cell proliferation, neovascularization and repair of damaged tissues by promoting Nrf2 activation.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Energy-Efficient IoT Wireless Sensors
In the design of the monitoring system, microclimate monitoring system was decided that it should consist of ultra-low power autonomous wireless sensors using transmission techniques capable of coping with the particularities of historic buildings and, at the same time, that the batteries should last for years without the need for maintenance.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Roles of Werner Syndrome
WRN, the gene responsible for the premature aging associated with Werner syndrome (WS), was identified. Research on genes that suppress aging has been conducted worldwide. During this time, many researchers have participated in these investigations, and it has been established that the protein encoded by WRN is an ATPase activated by single-stranded DNA with DNA unwinding activity in the 3′ to 5′ direction, and that it performs a unique 3′ to 5′ exonuclease activity not observed in other RecQ family members, interacts with a great variety of DNA metabolic proteins, and that it is involved in replication, repair, recombination, transcription, and histone modifications to maintain chromosome stability from the base sequence level to the chromatin level. Within the enzymes/proteins that play crucial roles in these chromosomal events, the WRN helicase plays a fine-tuning role as a supporter. Its functional abnormalities induce chromosomal instability. Abnormal DNA structures accumulated in chromosomes and changes in gene expression profiles caused by epigenetic and transcriptional abnormalities lead to systemic disruption of cellular functions (For example, loss of protein homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, shortened mitotic lifespan, impaired differentiation) and manifest as symptoms such as premature aging.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Implications of MALDI-TOF MS for Microbial Recognition
MALDI-TOF MS has various benefits over the conventional method of biochemical identification, including ease of use, speed, accuracy, and low cost.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Neural Radiance Fields for Processing Drone Images
Reconstruction of 3D scenes starting from images is a research topic in which scholars have been developing new methods since the beginning of the 20th century. The approach receiving more attention so far is the one based on the geometric consideration of image geometry and image-matching technique for radiometric consistency. Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) are an emerging technology that may provide novel outcomes in the heritage documentation field.  NeRFs are also relatively new compared to traditional photogrammetric processing, and improvements are indeed expected with future research work.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Teplice Program
The Teplice Program was initiated by the Czech Ministry of Environment. The research program was prepared in collaboration with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and included air pollution monitoring, human exposure, biomarker studies, and health effects studies. 
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Thioredoxin-Related Transmembrane Proteins
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is site of synthesis and maturation of membrane and secretory proteins in eukaryotic cells. The ER contains more than 20 members of the Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) family. These enzymes regulate formation, isomerization and disassembly of covalent bonds between cysteine residues. As such, PDIs ensure protein folding, which is required to attain functional and transport-competent structure, and protein unfolding, which facilitates dislocation of defective gene products across the ER membrane for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The PDI family includes over a dozen of soluble members and few membrane-bound ones. Among these latter, there are five PDIs grouped in the thioredoxin-related transmembrane (TMX) protein family.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Radiomics of Liver Metastases
Multidisciplinary management of patients with liver metastases (LM) requires a precision medicine approach, based on adequate profiling of tumor biology and robust biomarkers. Radiomics, defined as the high-throughput identification, analysis, and translational applications of radiological textural features, could fulfill this need. The present review aims to elucidate the contribution of radiomic analyses to the management of patients with LM. We performed a systematic review of the literature through the most relevant databases and web sources. English language original articles published before June 2020 and concerning radiomics of LM extracted from CT, MRI, or PET-CT were considered. Thirty-two papers were identified. Baseline higher entropy and lower homogeneity of LM were associated with better survival and higher chemotherapy response rates. A decrease in entropy and an increase in homogeneity after chemotherapy correlated with radiological tumor response. Entropy and homogeneity were also highly predictive of tumor regression grade. In comparison with RECIST criteria, radiomic features provided an earlier prediction of response to chemotherapy. Lastly, texture analyses could differentiate LM from other liver tumors. The commonest limitations of studies were small sample size, retrospective design, lack of validation datasets, and unavailability of univocal cut-off values of radiomic features. In conclusion, radiomics can potentially contribute to the precision medicine approach to patients with LM, but interdisciplinarity, standardization, and adequate software tools are needed to translate the anticipated potentialities into clinical practice.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Circular Economic
The circular economy (CE) is arising as a novel economic system that is restorative by design. In light of its capability to boost sustainable economic development and to cope with environmental challenges, it has recently attracted increasing attention from academics, practitioners, policymakers, and intergovernmental organizations. 
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Jan 2021
Topic Review
β-Hemoglobinopathies
β-hemoglobinopathies are the most common genetic disorders worldwide and are caused by mutations affecting the production or the structure of adult hemoglobin. Patients affected by these diseases suffer from anemia, impaired oxygen delivery to tissues, and multi-organ damage. In the absence of a compatible donor for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, the lifelong therapeutic options are symptomatic care, red blood cell transfusions and pharmacological treatments. The last decades of research established lentiviral-mediated gene therapy as an efficacious therapeutic strategy. However, this approach is highly expensive and associated with a variable outcome depending on the effectiveness of the viral vector and the quality of the cell product. In the last years, genome editing emerged as a valuable tool for the development of curative strategies for β-hemoglobinopathies. Moreover, due to the wide range of its applications, genome editing has been extensively used to study regulatory mechanisms underlying globin gene regulation allowing the identification of novel genetic and pharmacological targets.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Mimicking the Mammalian Plasma Membrane
Cell membranes are very complex biological systems including a large variety of lipids and proteins. Therefore, they are difficult to extract and directly investigate with biophysical methods.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
JNK Pathway in CNS Pathologies
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway is a conserved response to a wide range of internal and external cellular stress signals.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Apr 2021
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