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Topic Review Video
Morpho-Functional Classification of the Planet’s Humipedons
A morpho-functional classification of the humipedons could be defined as this: 1) Classification: ordering things = summarizing the complexity of reality = putting nature in boxes, to "possess" nature, to "enumerate", divide, understand nature, get to know our home (oikos) = putting a name on things (just like names for people); 2) Type of classification: Morpho-functional; not objects  but "machines" has to be classified, "running systems", "natural clocks" full of interconnected cogwheels and that may indicate the time, systems that inform us about how they live; morpho stays for visible forms that characterize each "machine" and which communicate with us: if there are those visible forms, then we are facing that type of "system"; 3) Some soil scientists classify (morpho-functionally) only humipedons (not all the soil profiles), only the organic (H and O) and organo-mineral (A) horizons of the soil profile. Because they think these horizons are highly connected to the present day evolution of the ecosystems. The other parts of the soil are very important too, but they don't work at the speed that interests present day evolution, from one to 100 years.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Disorders among Teachers
Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) is a major health problem, which can lead to an enormous burden to the institution as well as chronic disability to the individual. Teachers are at risk of developing MSD due to the exposure to various ergonomic risk factors. Teachers of special education, for example, are expected to perform extra duty such as lifting and moving students, feeding food, changing diapers, and helping them in ambulation. The prevalence of MSD among regular teachers ranges from 48.7% to 73.7%, while the prevalence ranges from 38.7% to 94% in special education teachers. The MSD most commonly affects the shoulder, lower back, neck, and wrist. A growing body of evidence shows that MSD is significantly associated with the teachers’ individual, physical, and psychosocial factors. Individual factors related to MSD include age, duration of teaching experience, working hours, nap time, teaching burden, and partner. Physical factors, such as awkward posture, frequent lifting, carrying, transferring, toileting, changing diapers, rehabilitation, and feeding, have been proven to increase the risk of MSD. Perceived stress, fatigue, psychological distress, and depression have been identified as psychosocial risk factors. It is recommended to implement ergonomically designed workplaces, comprehensive ergonomic training, psychological approaches, and functional training among teachers at risk.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Molecular Mechanisms of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Anthracycline is identified as one of the cancer treatments most likely to induce a significant decrease in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiomyopathy, and cardiac ischemia, ultimately leading to heart failure.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Air Pollution on Children
Air pollution is an unseen threat to children’s health because it may increase the risk of respiratory infection, atopy, and asthma, and also alter gut microbiota compositions. Air pollution may affect children’s health directly through the neurodevelopmental, immune, and cardiometabolic pathways. However, the available evidence is still insufficient to conclude the relationship between air pollution and the gut microbiota. It is important to gather everything in order to understand the current existing evidence, and the gap needed to be filled.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Jun 2022
Topic Review
MTOR Signalling
In the liver, mTORC1, which consists of mTOR, mammalian lethal with Sec13 protein 8 (mLST8), Dishevelled, Egl-10 and Pleckstrin domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (Deptor), regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (Raptor) and proline-rich protein kinase B (Akt) substrate (Pras40), is critical for controlling metabolic processes. 
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Nanomedicine for Ischemic Stroke
Stroke is a severe brain disease leading to disability and death. Ischemic stroke dominates in stroke cases, and there are no effective therapies in clinic, partly due to the challenges in delivering therapeutics to ischemic sites in the brain. This review is focused on the current knowledge of pathogenesis in ischemic stroke, and its potential therapies and diagnostics. Furthermore, we present recent advances in developments of nanoparticle-based therapeutics for improved treatment of ischemic stroke using polymeric NPs, liposomes and cell-derived nanovesicles. We also address several critical questions in ischemic stroke, such as understanding how nanoparticles cross the blood brain barrier and developing in vivo imaging technologies to address this critical question. Finally, we discuss new opportunities in developing novel therapeutics by targeting activated brain endothelium and inflammatory neutrophils to improve the current therapies for ischemic stroke.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Dry Needling
Dry needling is a treatment performed by skilled, trained physical therapists, certified in the procedure. A thin monofilament needle penetrates the skin and treats underlying muscular trigger points for the management of neuromusculoskeletal pain and movement impairments.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Optical-Coherence Tomography Angiography in AMD
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive diagnostic instrument that has become indispensable for the management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). OCTA allows quickly visualizing retinal and choroidal microvasculature, and in the last years, its use has increased in clinical practice as well as for research into the pathophysiology of AMD.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas
Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is one of a few lymphomas that primarily arise in “immune sanctuary/immune-privileged” sites. It is a rare form of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily arises in the brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges, and vitreoretinal compartment of the eye and shows no significant systemic involvement. 
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Cri-du-chat Syndrome
Cri-du-chat (cat's cry) syndrome, also known as 5p- (5p minus) syndrome, is a chromosomal condition that results when a piece of chromosome 5 is missing. Infants with this condition often have a high-pitched cry that sounds like that of a cat.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
LEP Gene
leptin
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Selenium Biofortification
The selenium (Se) is a crucial trace element for many living organisms, including soil microorganisms, plants, and animals including humans. The Se is taken up in the living cells of microorganisms, plants, animals, and humans in several inorganic forms such as selenate, selenite, elemental Se, and selenide. Biofortification of Se would help mitigation of Se deficiency in humans and animals. 
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
Early detection of prostate cancer (PC) is largely carried out using assessment of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level; yet it cannot reliably discriminate between benign pathologies and clinically significant forms of PC. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are secreted from all mammalian cells and virtually detected in all bio-fluids, thus allowing their use as tumor biomarkers.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Jun 2021
Topic Review
FURIN in insulin receptor processing
The insulin receptor (IR) is critically involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis. It undergoes proteolytic cleavage by proprotein convertases, which is an essential step for its activation. The importance of the insulin receptor in the liver is well established, but its role in pancreatic β cells is still controversial.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Jun 2021
Topic Review
The impacts of ridesourcing services
By applying an algorithm based on pickup and drop-off locations, transportation network companies (TNCs) match passengers who need a ride with self-employed drivers who tend to provide a trip in their privately owned cars. TNCs have expanded their footprint into more cities and are now among the most prosperous and valuable global start-ups. The proliferation of ridesourcing services has raised both hopes and concerns about their role in cities. The impacts of ridesourcing services are complex and multi-faceted. 
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Biomechanics
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of global death in developing countries. More than 80% of cardiovascular disease-associated mortality is attributable to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall. During the development of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) continuously shift from a contractile state towards other phenotypes that differ substantially from differentiated SMCs.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Agaricales Mushroom Lignin Peroxidase
Lignin biodegradation has been extensively studied in white-rot fungi, which largely belong to order Polyporales. Among the enzymes that wood-rotting polypores secrete, lignin peroxidases (LiPs) have been labeled as the most efficient. A recent thorough study of 52 Agaricomycetes genomes has revealed the high presence of putative ligninolytic peroxidases in fungi belonging to the order Agaricales. These include the first LiP outside the order Polyporales, identified in the genome of the mushroom Agrocybe pediades (ApeLiP) as a case of parallel and convergent evolution of LiPs between Agaricales and Polyporales.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Sep 2021
Topic Review
New Trends in Melanoma Detection Using Neural Networks
Due to its increasing incidence, skin cancer, and especially melanoma, is a serious health disease today. The high mortality rate associated with melanoma makes it necessary to detect the early stages to be treated urgently and properly. This is the reason why many researchers in this domain wanted to obtain accurate computer-aided diagnosis systems to assist in the early detection and diagnosis of such diseases.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Jan 2022
Topic Review
NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer
Human Natural Killer (NK) cells are all round players in immunity thanks to their powerful and immediate response against transformed cells and the ability to modulate the subsequent adaptive immune response. 
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Neo (Constructed Language)
Neo is a constructed international auxiliary language created by Arturo Alfandari, a Belgian diplomat of Italian descent. The language combines features of Esperanto, Ido, Novial and Volapük. The root base of the language and grammar (in contrast to that of Esperanto and Ido) are closely related to that of the French language, with some English influences.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Nov 2022
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