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Topic Review
Oral Mucosa in Food Allergy
Oral mucosa remodeling has been recently proven to be a feature of severe allergic phenotypes and autoimmune diseases. This remodeling process includes epithelial barrier disruption and the release of inflammatory signals. 
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Leukemia
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) has been established to possess diagnostic value in leukemia as most adult cells do not express high levels of telomerase. Indeed, studies have shown that prognosis is not favorable in patients who have leukemias expressing high levels of telomerase. Recent research has indicated that targeting of this gene is able to control the survival of malignant cells and therefore offers a potential treatment for TERT-dependent leukemias. 
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Container Operational Risk management
The risk associated with container shipping has been a major concern in recent decades. This study presents three major risk frameworks to systematically and inclusively explore and validate container operational risk scales based on risk factors derived from the extant literature. The three risk frameworks identified are risks related to information flow, risks related to physical flow, and risks related to payment flow. Each risk factor is grouped into sub-factors (dimensions), three factors for information flow, two factors for physical flow, and two factors for payment flow. The study uses Ethiopia as a case study and employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods. An interview survey was conducted to explore additional risk factors and validate the identified risk factors in container shipping, and a questionnaire survey was then accompanied to collect the relevant data. A pairwise comparison chart (PCC) was employed to rank the risk dimensions. The results showed that the container operational risk model is satisfactory by employing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, the PCC result indicates that risk of loss or damage of goods/assets, payment delay, and decrease in or total loss of payment were ranked first, second, and third, respectively, and consequently the most significant dimensions of the risk factors. This study provides a reliable and valid scale for measuring container operational risk in container shipping companies. It also unlocks future works for using the identified risk factors as guidelines for researchers and experts to design and develop container operational risk dimensions. 
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
School Failure
School failure (and early dropout) is usually centred at the secondary stage; low academic performance in previous educational stages may be the origin and cause of later failure and dropout. Therefore, competency and diagnostic tests carried out during the primary and secondary stages are essential to identify the pupils with the lowest levels of competences, with these being those with the greatest basic difficulties in educational development, and therefore potential school failure and drop-out pupils. 
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Lithium-Ion Cell Temperature Estimation Techniques
A solution is to develop a suitable estimation strategy which led scholars to propose different temperature estimation schemes aiming to establish a balance among accuracy, adaptability, modelling complexity and computational cost. This article presented an exhaustive review of these estimation strategies covering recent developments, current issues, major challenges, and future research recommendations. The prime intention is to provide a detailed guideline to researchers and industries towards developing a highly accurate, intelligent, adaptive, easy-to-implement and computationally efficient online temperature estimation strategy applicable to health-conscious fast charging and smart onboard BMS. Full Paper:https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185960
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Gut-Liver Axis and Liver Diseases
The gut-liver axis has an impact on pathogenesis of numerous chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), development of liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Sediment Augmentation
The artificial supply of sediment, commonly referred to as sediment augmentation or sediment replenishment, is a method that is increasingly used to address sediment-related issues in regulated rivers. This article presents typical design approaches and assessment methods for different types of sediment augmentation measures (SAM), based on experience from the field and the literature.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Neoantigen-Reactive T Cells
Neoantigens are mutated proteins that arise from tumor-specific mutations.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Microbiota in Neurodegenerative Disease
Hundreds of billions of commensal microorganisms live in and on human bodies, most of which colonize the gut shortly after birth and stay there for the rest of human lives. In animal models, bidirectional communications between the central nervous system and gut microbiota (Gut–Brain Axis) have been extensively studied, and it is clear that changes in microbiota composition play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, anxiety, stress, and so on.
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Reprogramming of α-Cells into Insulin Producing Cells
Numerous cell sources are being explored to replenish functional β-cell mass since the proof-of -concept for cell therapy of diabetes was laid down by transplantation of islets. Various strategies that aim to generate bone fide insulin producing cells are explored.  In particular on reprogramming and especially on α-cells conversion into insulin producing cells are focused here. A logical place to begin with for generating β-cells is to utilise the plasticity of closely related endoderm derived cell types like pancreatic non-β-cells and coaxing them to adopt a β-cell phenotype. Given the close ontogenetic relationship, functional similarity and dependency among these cells, the potential for interconversion is unequivocal. Phenotypic plasticity between pancreatic α-cells and β-cells is notably pronounced.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Sep 2022
Topic Review
UDOO
UDOO is a single-board computer with an integrated Arduino Due compatible microcontroller, designed for computer science education, the world of Makers and the Internet of Things. The product was launched on Kickstarter in April 2013, reaching wide consensus. "The product line involves three single board computers – UDOO QUAD/DUAL (2013), UDOO NEO (2015), UDOO X86 (2016) – that differ over various aspects, plus the UDOO BLU and the set of UDOO BRICKS." UDOO is a development platform that merges a Dual or Quad Core ARM Freescale Cortex-A9 i.MX 6 CPU, that can run Linux or Android operating systems, and an Arduino Due compatible board with a dedicated ARM Atmel SAM3X8E CPU. UDOO is a joint effort of AIDILAB srl and SECO USA Inc, from an idea of Antonio Rizzo, Maurizio Caporali and Daniele Conti, born in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team of researchers with expertise in interaction design, embedded systems, sensor networks and cognitive science.
  • 1.3K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Proto-Northwest Caucasian
Proto-Northwest Caucasian (sometimes abbreviated PNWC), also Proto-Adyghe-Abazgi or Proto-Adyghe-Abkhaz, is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Northwest Caucasian languages.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Enemy Combatant
Enemy combatant is a person who, either lawfully or unlawfully, engages in hostilities for the other side in an armed conflict. Usually enemy combatants are members of the armed forces of the state with which another state is at war. In the case of a civil war or an insurrection "state" may be replaced by the more general term "party to the conflict" (as described in the 1949 Geneva Conventions Article 3). After the September 11 attacks, the term "enemy combatant" was used by the George W. Bush administration to include an alleged member of al-Qaeda or the Taliban being held in detention by the U.S. government. In this sense, "enemy combatant" actually refers to persons the United States regards as unlawful combatants, a category of persons who do not qualify for prisoner-of-war status under the Geneva Conventions. However, unlike unlawful combatants who qualify for some protections under the Fourth Geneva Convention, enemy combatants, under the Bush administration, were not covered by the Geneva Convention. Thus, the term "enemy combatant" has to be read in context to determine whether it means any combatant belonging to an enemy state or non-state actor, whether lawful or unlawful, or if it means an alleged member of al Qaeda or of the Taliban being detained as an unlawful combatant by the United States. In the United States on March 13, 2009, the Obama administration announced its abandonment of the Bush administration's use of the term "enemy combatant".
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
All-d-Metal Heusler Alloys
A promising strategy, resulting in novel compounds with better mechanical properties and substantial magnetocaloric effects, is favoring the d–d hybridization with transition-metal elements to replace p–d hybridization. The term given to these materials is “all-d-metal”. 
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Composition and Preparation of Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials
Phase change materials (PCMs) have been extensively utilized in latent thermal energy storage (TES) and thermal management systems to bridge the gap between thermal energy supply and demand in time and space, which have received unprecedented attention in the past few years. To effectively address the undesirable inherent defects of pristine PCMs such as leakage, low thermal conductivity, supercooling, and corrosion, enormous efforts have been dedicated to developing various advanced microencapsulated PCMs (MEPCMs). 
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The RadScopal Technique to Treat Cancer
The RadScopalTM technique is an innovative treatment approach that combines high-dose radiotherapy (H-XRT) directed to a primary tumor with low-dose radiotherapy (L-XRT) applied to secondary tumor(s) in patients currently undergoing or who have progressed on immunotherapy. The goal of this approach is to turn the primary tumor microenvironment (TME) into an in-situ vaccine that primes T-cells, while modulating the tumor stroma of secondary/metastatic lesions to enhance the infiltration and antitumor functions of effector immune cells. Furthermore, L-XRT is capable of reducing TGF-β levels and polarizing macrophages from M2 to M1 phenotype, thereby counteracting disadvantages that may be induced by H-XRT.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Chemical Mechanical Polishing
Polishing is a process of creating a smooth and scratchless surface by using mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical approaches for reducing surface roughness and enhancing the workpiece’s strength. Roughness directly determines the surface functional performance, and it is usually handled in the final process of machining, namely polishing.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review Video
Microplastics on the Environment
There has been mounting concern about the bearing of microplastics on human health and the comprehensive natural environment. These particles come from a variety of sources, such as soaps, personal care products, and the rundown of bigger plastic items. The impacts of microplastics on marine life and other ecosystems are substantial, including ingestion by marine animals, interference with their reproductive systems, and even death. The economic implications of microplastics are also significant, with industries, such as fishing and tourism being affected by the presence of microplastics in the environment.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
The Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus (DM) comprises a range of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by defects in insulin release, insulin action, or both. DM is a widespread condition that affects a substantial portion of the global population, causing high morbidity and mortality rates. The main symptoms of diabetes include increased blood glucose, excessive thirst, frequent urination, impaired vision, hyperphagia, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Impact of the Digital Economy on Health Industry
Health is a basic need of the people and an important foundation for economic and social development. In developed economies such as the United States, Europe, and Japan, the health industry has become a huge driving force for the growth of the entire national economy, and the added value of the health industry in these economies has accounted for more than 15% of their GDP.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Aug 2023
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