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Topic Review
Application of High-Entropy Alloys in SOFC Technology
The mechanisms of the stabilization of a high-entropy state in such materials, as well as the effect of structural and charge factors on the stability of the resulting homogeneous solid solution are performed. An introduction to the synthesis methods for HEAs (high-entropy alloys) is given. 
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Mineral Nutrient Biomarkers and Its Applications in Epidemiology
Minerals are dietary supplements that are essential for preserving healthy physiology and function. Mineral elements such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), iodine (I), and selenium (Se) are highly valued in modern healthy diets as they have special roles in cellular metabolism. In addition, the oxidative or antioxidant properties of certain metals may affect cardiovascular health, and reduce the risk of anemia, cancer and so on. Therefore, adequate intake of essential minerals through diet and/or supplements is recommended to promote health. 
  • 1.3K
  • 03 Mar 2023
Topic Review
S100B for Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
(S100 calcium-binding protein B) S100B protein has emerged as the most widely studied and used biomarker for clinical decision making in patients with mTBI. In addition to its use as a diagnostic biomarker, S100B plays an active role in the molecular pathogenic processes accompanying acute brain injury.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Coronary Vascular Function and Invasive Physiology Assessment
A considerable number of patients with angina or myocardial ischemia have no significant coronary artery disease on invasive angiography. Several steps towards a better comprehension of the pathophysiology of these conditions, angina or ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA/INOCA), have been made.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Disaster Management Systems
Disaster management is a critical area that requires efficient methods and techniques to address various challenges. An increasing number of studies have elaborated on the importance and applications of remote sensing in disaster management. A major reason for the adoption of remote sensing is that it is one of the fastest means of acquiring data for pre-disaster and post-disaster studies. It is used to provide data for damage assessment in a timely manner and to assist in evaluation and rehabilitation plans. During the pre-disaster phase, remote sensing can be applied to identify and develop adequate systems and resources before the occurrence of a disaster. Adequate systems and resources can ensure that the response to a disaster is coordinated and efficient and that the recovery time is minimal.
  • 1.3K
  • 06 Jun 2024
Topic Review
Electrical Impedance Tomography
Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive bedside imaging technique that provides real-time lung ventilation information on critically ill patients. EIT can potentially become a valuable tool for optimising mechanical ventilation, especially in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Natural Polyphenols as SERCA Activators
Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) is a key protein responsible for transporting Ca2+ ions from the cytosol into the lumen of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER), thus maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis within cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that impaired SERCA function is associated with disruption of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and induction of ER stress, leading to different chronic pathological conditions. Therefore, appropriate strategies to control Ca2+ homeostasis via modulation of either SERCA pump activity/expression or relevant signaling pathways may represent a useful approach to combat pathological states associated with ER stress. Natural dietary polyphenolic compounds, such as resveratrol, gingerol, ellagic acid, luteolin, or green tea polyphenols, with a number of health-promoting properties, have been described either to increase SERCA activity/expression directly or to affect Ca2+ signaling pathways.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Aug 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Benefits of Judo Training for Brain Functions Related to Physical and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults
Judo is a well-known Japanese martial art that also features in Olympic games. Recently, an increasing interest has been observed in the application of judo as a multicomponent exercise, with a growing body of evidence showing that this feature improves physical and cognitive performance in older adults. Therefore, this review highlights the benefits of judo training in preventing physical and cognitive decline in older adults. Specifically, first, this review outlines the basic characteristics of judo (philosophy, match, and training). Subsequently, prior research examining the impacts of judo training on the physical and cognitive aspects of elderly individuals is reviewed. Thereafter, the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of judo training in improving physical and cognitive performance are discussed. Throughout this review, judo training demonstrated some positive effects on physical (gait and balance, among others) and cognitive (memory and executive function) function in older adults. These positive effects are attributed to a variety of changes in the brain (e.g., increased neurotrophic factor expression and increased cerebral blood flow, among others) that affect different brain regions and networks both functionally and structurally. From these findings, this review concludes that judo training can be an effective way to maintain and prevent physical and cognitive decline in older adults.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Improving Aquatic Animal Health
At the present time, no artificial larval diet is capable of entirely fulfilling the dietary requirements of several larval fish and crustacean species. Zooplankton live food is the basic foundation of fish larviculture, and successful rearing of fish larvae still heavily depends on an adequate supply of nutritious live food. Despite being important, the production protocols of copepods and cladocerans (Moina) are still underdeveloped in hatcheries. Rotifers and Artemia are the most commonly used live foods. However, these live foods are evidently lacking in crucial nutrient constituents. Hence, through nutrient enrichment, live food with the nutritional profile that meets the requirements of fish larvae can be produced. With the aim to maximize the effectiveness of production to optimize profitability, it is important to evaluate and improve culture techniques for the delivery of micro- and macro-nutrients as feed supplements to larvae in aquaculture systems. Bioencapsulation and enrichment are the evolving techniques in aquaculture that are commonly employed to enhance the nutritional quality of live food by integrating nutrients into them, which subsequently improves the growth, survival, and disease resistance of the consuming hosts.
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Industrial hemp and its potential
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an emerging high-value specialty crop that can be cultivated for either fiber, seed, or cannabidiol (CBD). The demand for hemp and its products has been consistently on the rise in the 21st century. The United States of America has reintroduced hemp and legalized its production as an agricultural commodity through the 2018 Federal Farm Bill. Although there is a renewed interest in the adoption of hemp due to the emerging market, its production in the United States remains limited partly because of unclear agronomic guidance and fertilization recommendations. This review article provides information on the current agronomic management practices that are available in the literature and identifies the future research needs for cultivating this multipurpose crop to address the growing market demands. Hemp production could be beneficial if managed properly. Hemp fertilizer requirements vary in accordance with the type of hemp grown (seed, fiber, or CBD), soil, environmental conditions and requires a wide range of macro- and micronutrients. Integrating management practices in hemp cultivation intended to build soil health is promising since the hemp cropping system is suitable for crop rotation, cover cropping, and livestock integration through animal waste applications. Hemp also has significant environmental benefits since it has the potential to remediate contaminated soils through phytoremediation, convert high amounts of atmospheric CO2 to biomass through bio-sequestration, and hemp biomass for bioenergy production. This review identifies that most of the agronomic research in the past has been limited to hemp fiber and, to some extent, hemp seed but not CBD hemp. With the increase in the global markets for hemp products, more research needs to be conducted to provide agronomic guidelines for sustainable hemp production.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Climatic Indices over Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea, strategically situated across a dynamic frontier line that separates two regions with different climates (Europe and North Africa), has been the focus of attention of many studies dealing with its thermohaline circulation, deep water formation processes or heat and freshwater budgets. Large-scale atmospheric forcing has been found to play an important role in these topics and attention has been renewed in climatic indices that can be used as a proxy for atmospheric variability. This overview summarizes the recent advances that have been achieved in the understanding of the climatic indices and their influence on the functioning of the Mediterranean from a physical point of view
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Rare Earth Metals
Rare earth elements are the general named of 17 special elements, containing lanthanide element, scandium and yttrium. They are commonly represented by RE. They have been widely applied in functional materials, steel and nonferrous metals due to its special optical, electrical and magnetic properties. 
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Muscle Proteolysis and Autophagy
Several pathophysiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, increased proteolysis, autophagy and apoptosis, and signaling pathways were shown to be involved in the process of muscle mass loss in limb muscles of cachectic patients with chronic conditions and in animal models. Whether prolonged periods of immobilization may impair to a greater extent the muscle mass loss and dysfunction elicited by cancer-induced cachexia needs to be further investigated. Investigation of to what extent each particular condition: either cancer cachexia or prolonged immobilization contributes to the wasting process of muscle mass also remains to be clarified. 
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Aspirin's Role against Colorectal Cancer
Aspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is routinely used in decreasing inflammation, pain, fever and cardiovascular diseases. Aspirin has recently been recommended for the prevention of colorectal cancers (CRC) in adults aged above 59 yrs by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). Though acknowledged for its ability to decrease incidences of CRC, a consensus has not yet been reached regarding the mechanisms involved in its chemopreventive actions. Here, we briefly describe the "metabolite hypothesis", discuss its strengths and limitations and provide our perspective.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Feb 2021
Topic Review
CXCL16
CXCL16 is a chemotactic cytokine belonging to the α-chemokine subfamily. It plays a significant role in the progression of cancer, as well as the course of atherosclerosis, renal fibrosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). 
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Three-Dimensional Printing of Hydroxyapatite Composites
Hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA-based nanocomposites have been recognized as ideal biomaterials in hard tissue engineering because of their compositional similarity to bioapatite. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been shown to provide a fast, precise, controllable, and scalable fabrication approach for the synthesis of HA-based scaffolds.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 May 2021
Topic Review
Pannexin-1 Channels and Neuroinflammation
Neuroinflammation is a major component of central nervous system (CNS) injuries and neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, neuropathic pain, and brain trauma. The activation of innate immune cells at the damage site causes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which alter the functionality of nearby tissues and might mediate the recruitment of leukocytes to the injury site. If this process persists or is exacerbated, it prevents the adequate resolution of the inflammation, and ultimately enhances secondary damage. Adenosine 5′ triphosphate (ATP) is among the molecules released that trigger an inflammatory response, and it serves as a chemotactic and endogenous danger signal. Extracellular ATP activates multiple purinergic receptors (P2X and P2Y) that have been shown to promote neuroinflammation in a variety of CNS diseases. Recent studies have shown that Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels are the principal conduits of ATP release from dying cells and innate immune cells in the brain.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
N-Type Layered Oxyselenide Thermoelectric Materials
Bi6Cu2Se4O6is a new type of layered oxyselenide thermoelectric material. The crystal structure of Bi6Cu2Se4O6can be regarded as a 1:2 ratio of BiCuSeO and Bi2O2Se heaping along thec-axis by turns, so there are insulative layersBi2O22+and conductive layersCu2Se22−andSe2−in the structure. The Bi6Cu2Se4O6system not only maintains the low thermal conductivity of BiCuSeO but also can utilize the intrinsic electron carrier concentration of Bi2O2Se, considered to be a promisingn-type oxyselenide thermoelectric material.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Jul 2021
Topic Review
CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing in GBM
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive malignancy of the brain and spinal cord with a poor life expectancy. The low survivability of GBM patients can be attributed, in part, to its heterogeneity and the presence of multiple genetic alterations causing rapid tumor growth and resistance to conventional therapy. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated (Cas) nuclease 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) system is a cost-effective and reliable gene editing technology, which is widely used in cancer research. It leads to novel discoveries of various oncogenes that regulate autophagy, angiogenesis, and invasion and play important role in pathogenesis of various malignancies, including GBM.
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Water Activity Prediction
Water activity is one of the most important factors influencing the quality and stability of food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2021
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