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Topic Review
Health-Promotion Effects of Anthocyanins Derived from Cornelian Cherry
The cornelian cherry is a plant that annually provides fruits, drupe-type, ranging in color from yellow through pink, red, carmine, and almost black. Cornelian cherry bears abundant fruit in temperate climate conditions, which means that its dark-colored fruits can be treated as an excellent source of anthocyanins. After consuming, anthocyanins have a protective function in the human body. Raw fruit extracts and their pure isolates, rich in anthocyanins, have a wide spectrum of health-promoting properties. 
  • 726
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Biosynthesis of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phenylpropanoid naturally found in propolis that shows important biological activities, including neuroprotective activity by modulating the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways, promoting antioxidant enzyme expression and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression. Its simple chemical structure has inspired the synthesis of many derivatives, with aliphatic and/or aromatic moieties, some of which have improved the biological properties. Moreover, new drug delivery systems increase the bioavailability of these compounds in vivo, allowing its transcytosis through the blood-brain barrier, thus protecting brain cells from the increased inflammatory status associated to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
  • 725
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
The thrombotic thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), a complication of COVID-19 vaccines, involves thrombosis (often cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) and thrombocytopenia with occasional pulmonary embolism and arterial ischemia. TTS appears to mostly affect females aged between 20 and 50 years old, with no predisposing risk factors conclusively identified so far. Cases are characterized by thrombocytopenia, higher levels of D-dimers than commonly observed in venous thromboembolic events, inexplicably low fibrinogen levels and worsening thrombosis.
  • 724
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
EGFR-Based Targeted Therapy for Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the most lethal and common form of cancer in the world. It was responsible for almost 881,000 cancer deaths in 2018. Approximately 25% of cases are diagnosed at advanced stages with metastasis—this poses challenges for effective surgical control and future tumor-related mortality.
  • 724
  • 08 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Applications and Personalized Medicine of Cannabis Pharmacogenomic
Cannabis and related compounds have created significant research interest as a promising therapy in many disorders. The initiation of personalized medicine has come with the potential for improving the efficacy and safety of medications. Cannabis has a wide range of clinical applications and the list of diseases in which cannabis/cannabinoids are used as a treatment is constantly increasing. 
  • 724
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Genomic Alterations in Gynaecological Cancers
Endometrial cancer (EC) and cervical cancer (CC) are common malignancies in women in clinical practice. More uncommon non-ovarian malignancies, such as vulval cancer (VC), are also becoming more prevalent in women of all ages. According to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network, ECs can be classified into four groups according to their genetic and molecular information.
  • 724
  • 19 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Telocytes/CD34+ Stromal Cells
The pathologic processes in which TCs/CD34+SCs are studied in adipose tissue include inflammation and repair through granulation tissue, iatrogenic insulin-amyloid type amyloidosis, non-adipose tissue components (nerve fascicles and fibres in neuromas and hyperplastic neurogenic processes) and tumours (signet ring carcinoma with Krukenberg tumour and colon carcinoma) growing in adipose tissue, adipose tissue tumours (spindle cell lipoma, dendritic fibromyxolipoma, pleomorphic lipoma, infiltrating angiolipoma of skeletal muscle and elastofibrolipoma), lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum, nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis of Hoffman–Zurhelle and irradiated adipose tissue of the perirectal and thymic regions.
  • 723
  • 12 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Fascin-1 in Gastrointestinal Cancers
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers, remain as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a large proportion accounting for fatalities related to metastatic disease. Invasion of primary cancer occurs by the actin cytoskeleton remodeling, including the formation of the filopodia, stereocilia, and other finger-like membrane protrusions. The crucial step of actin remodeling in the malignant cells is mediated by the fascin protein family, with fascin-1 being the most active. Fascin-1 is an actin-binding protein that cross-links filamentous actin into tightly packed parallel bundles, giving rise to finger-like cell protrusions, thus equipping the cell with the machinery necessary for adhesion, motility, and invasion.
  • 723
  • 27 May 2021
Topic Review
Oligonucleotides as Therapeutic Agents
Nucleic acids have emerged as powerful biomaterials, revolutionizing the field of biomedicine. Nucleic acids, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), possess unique properties such as molecular recognition ability, programmability, and ease of synthesis, making them versatile tools in biosensing and for gene regulation, drug delivery, and targeted therapy.
  • 723
  • 02 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Membrane
The role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in controlling tumor cell membrane fluidity, drug resistance, and altered membrane biophysics are still under question.
  • 723
  • 08 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Magnetic Ionic Liquids in Sample Preparation
In the last decades, a myriad of materials has been synthesized and utilized for the development of sample preparation procedures. The use of their magnetic analogues has gained significant attention and many procedures have been developed using magnetic materials. In this context, the benefits of a new class of magnetic ionic liquids (MILs), as non-conventional solvents, have been reaped in sample preparation procedures. MILs combine the advantageous properties of ionic liquids along with the magnetic properties, creating an unsurpassed combination. Owing to their unique nature and inherent benefits, the number of published reports on sample preparation with MILs is increasing. This fact, along with the many different types of extraction procedures that are developed, suggests that this is a promising field of research. Advances in the field are achieved both by developing new MILs with better properties (showing either stronger response to external magnetic fields or tunable extractive properties) and by developing and/or combining methods, resulting in advanced ones.
  • 722
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Multidirectional Action of Oligo in Plants
Oligo technology is a low-cost and easy-to-implement method for direct manipulation of gene activity. The major advantage of this method is that gene expression can be changed without requiring stable transformation. Oligo technology is mainly used for animal cells. However, the use of oligos in plants seems to be even easier. The oligo effect could be similar to that induced by endogenous miRNAs.
  • 722
  • 17 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Epigenetics in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are major health issues in Western countries. Despite significant efforts, no effective therapeutics for NDDs exist. Several drugs that target epigenetic mechanisms (epidrugs) have been recently developed for the treatment of NDDs, and several of these are currently being tested in clinical trials.
  • 721
  • 23 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Exosomal miRNAs as Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke
Exosomes are small lipid bilayer membrane particles released from all living cells into the extracellular environment. They carry several molecules and have a critical role in cell–cell communication under physiological and pathological conditions. Ischemic stroke due to cerebral vascular occlusion is the most common form, while hemorrhagic stroke due to cerebral bleeding accounts for about 12% of cases.
  • 721
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Biomolecule Visualization
The structural characteristics of biomolecules are a major focus in the field of structural biology. Molecular visualization plays a crucial role in displaying structural information in an intuitive manner, aiding in the understanding of molecular properties. 
  • 721
  • 09 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Metabolic Reprogramming in Urothelial Carcinoma
Metabolic reprogramming (MR) is an upregulation of biosynthetic and bioenergetic pathways to satisfy increased energy and metabolic building block demands of tumors. This includes glycolytic activity, which deprives the tumor microenvironment (TME) of nutrients while increasing extracellular lactic acid.
  • 719
  • 17 Feb 2021
Topic Review
The TRPM2 Cation Channel
The transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) family belongs to the superfamily of TRP ion channels. It consists of eight family members that are involved in a plethora of cellular functions. TRPM2 is a homotetrameric Ca2+-permeable cation channel activated upon oxidative stress and is important, among others, for body heat control, immune cell activation and insulin secretion. Invertebrate TRPM2 proteins are channel enzymes; they hydrolyze the activating ligand, ADP-ribose, which is likely important for functional regulation. Since its cloning in 1998, the understanding of the biophysical properties of the channel has greatly advanced due to a vast number of structure–function studies. The physiological regulators of the channel have been identified and characterized in cell-free systems. In the wake of the recent structural biochemistry revolution, several TRPM2 cryo-EM structures have been published. These structures have helped to understand the general features of the channel, but at the same time have revealed unexplained mechanistic differences among channel orthologues. 
  • 719
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Endophytic Streptomyces
Endophytic microorganisms especially endophytic actinobacteria are considered and recognized as a potential source for the discovery of bioactive compounds. 
  • 718
  • 28 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Nanomotion Detection-Based AST
Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) could play a major role in fighting multidrug-resistant bacteria. Recently, it was discovered that all living organisms oscillate in the range of nanometers and that these oscillations, referred to as nanomotion, stop as soon the organism dies. This finding led to the development of rapid AST techniques based on the monitoring of these oscillations upon exposure to antibiotics.
  • 718
  • 30 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Various Microglial Receptors Interact with α-Synuclein
Synucleinopathies are a set of devastating neurodegenerative diseases that share a pathologic accumulation of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn). This accumulation causes neuronal death resulting in irreversible dementia, deteriorating motor symptoms, and devastating cognitive decline. α-Syn is an intrinsically disordered 140-amino acid protein consisting of an amphipathic N-terminus (residues 1–60), hydrophobic central region (residues 61–95), and acidic C-terminus (residues 86–140). Synucleinopathies are characterized by the accumulation of α-syn in the CNS. The structural form of the accumulation varies across different patients and different conditions. While the etiology of these conditions remains largely unknown, microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), have been consistently implicated in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies. Microglia are generally believed to be neuroprotective in the early stages of α-syn accumulation and contribute to further neurodegeneration in chronic disease states.
  • 717
  • 23 May 2023
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