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Biography
B. A. Chopade
Professor B. A. Chopade is a distinguish scientist, innovator and academician of international repute. His research area includes microbiology, biotechnology and nanotechnology. He is research mentor, institution builder, great visionary and innovative administrator. Currently he is working as Vice-Chancellor as well as advisor to the Pro- Chancellor at AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, Ind
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Bioremediation of Emerging Pollutants
Bioremediation is an effective cleaning technique for removing toxic waste from polluted environments that is gaining popularity. Various microorganisms, including aerobes and anaerobes, are used in bioremediation to treat contaminated sites. Microorganisms play a major role in bioremediation, given that it is a process in which hazardous wastes and pollutants are eliminated, degraded, detoxified, and immobilized. Pollutants are degraded and converted to less toxic forms, which is a primary goal of bioremediation. Ex situ or in situ bioremediation can be used, depending on a variety of factors, such as cost, pollutant types, and concentration. As a result, a suitable bioremediation method has been chosen.
  • 1.8K
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics
Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics is a computational mesh-free Lagrangian method developed by Gingold, Monaghan, and Lucy in 1977, initially intended for use in astrophysics.
  • 1.8K
  • 08 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Insect-Derived Chitin and Chitosan
The potential of insects as a sustainable and easily accessible source of chitin and chitosan is highlighted in “Insect-Derived Chitin and Chitosan: A Still Unexploited Resource for the Edible Insect Sector”. Researchers describe the state of the art in the extraction and purification of chitin and chitosan from edible insects. Chitin and chitosan may be extracted and purified from edible insect species like the black soldier fly and the cricket since they are naturally rich in chitin. Due to their strong biological activity, chitin and chitosan have many potential uses in the agriculture, food, and biomedical industry sectors. Insect chitin and chitosan might be utilised to provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based polymers in food packaging. Chitin and chitosan have been shown to have antibacterial characteristics, making them valuable for a variety of biological applications. Insects' tremendous potential as a renewable and profitable resource for chitin and chitosan. 
  • 1.8K
  • 29 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Structure and Properties of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), are secondary metabolites, first reported in 1960 and found to be associated with the light-stimulated sporulation in terrestrial fungi. MAAs are nitrogenous, low molecular weight, water soluble compounds, which are highly stable with cyclohexenone or cycloheximine rings to store the free radicals. Microalgae are considered as a good source of different kinds of MAAs, which in turn, has its own applications in various industries due to its UV absorbing, anti-oxidant and therapeutic properties. Microalgae can be easily cultivated and requires a short generation time, which makes them environment friendly source of biomolecules such as mycosporine-like amino acids. Modifying the cultural conditions along with manipulation of genes associated with mycosporine-like amino acids biosynthesis can help to enhance MAAs synthesis and, in turn, can make microalgae suitable bio-refinery for large scale MAAs production.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Biohydrogen fermentation using lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) materials as feedstocks is better alternative to petroleum-based fuels due to its ecofriendly nature since there is no greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during combustion. The recalcitrant nature of LCB waste materials is mainly attributed to the rigid cell wall structure, crystalline cellular machinery, and lignin component, which makes lignocellulosic materials resistant toward chemical and biological actions. Hence, the pretreatment process is an obligatory step to make LCB materials accessible for the generation of sugar fractions after disintegration of biomass.
  • 1.8K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Approaches for Water Pollution Monitoring
Researchers are continuously rallying to enhance the detection of causal source for water pollution through either conventional or mostly advanced approaches focusing on spectrometry, high-throughput sequencing, and flow cytometry technology among others. From this review’s perspective, each pollution evaluation technology has its own advantages and it would be beneficial for several aspects of pollutants assessments to be combined and established as a complementary package for a better aquatic environmental management in the long run.
  • 1.8K
  • 15 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Compounds from Microorganisms
Antimicrobial resistance is an exigent public health concern owing to the emergence of novel strains of human resistant pathogens and the concurrent rise in multi-drug resistance. An influx of new antimicrobials is urgently required to improve the treatment outcomes of infectious diseases and save lives. 
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) as Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable and biocompatible biopolymers. These biomaterials have grown in importance in the fields of tissue engineering and tissue reconstruction for structural applications where tissue morphology is critical, such as bone, cartilage, blood vessels, and skin, among others. Furthermore, they can be used to accelerate the regeneration in combination with drugs, as drug delivery systems, thus reducing microbial infections. When cells are cultured under stress conditions, a wide variety of microorganisms produce them as a store of intracellular energy in the form of homo- and copolymers of [R]—hydroxyalkanoic acids, depending on the carbon source used for microorganism growth. 
  • 1.8K
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Biogas Desulphurisation
The agriculture and livestock industry generate waste used in anaerobic digestion to produce biogas containing methane (CH4), useful in the generation of electricity and heat. However, although biogas is mainly composed of CH4 (~65%) and CO2 (~34%), among the 1% of other compounds present is hydrogen sulphide (H2S) which deteriorates engines and power generation fuel cells that use biogas, generating a foul smell and contaminating the environment. As a solution to this, anoxic biofiltration, specifically with biotrickling filters (BTFs), stands out in terms of the elimination of H2S as it is cost-effective, efficient, and more environmentally friendly than chemical solutions. BTFs are a devices in which a microbial biofilm (mainly bacteria) formed on a packing material, degrades the pollutants (in this case hydrogen sulphide).
  • 1.8K
  • 23 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Sources of Extraction and Properties of Alginate
Alginate (ALG), a naturally abundant linear and anionic polysaccharide, is generally obtained from the cell wall of brown seaweed belonging to the class Phaeophyceae, including Ascophyllum nodosum, Laminaria hyperborea, Laminaria digitata, Laminaria japonica, and Microcystis pyrifera, and many bacterial strains, including Acetobacter and Pseudomonas spp. 
  • 1.8K
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Root Cultures in the Production of Valuable Compounds
Medicinal plants are an inevitable source of pharmaceutical drugs and most of the world population depends on these plants for health benefits. The increasing global demand for bioactive compounds from medicinal plants has posed a great threat to their existence due to overexploitation. Adventitious root and hairy root culture systems are an alternative approach to the conventional method for mass production of valuable compounds from medicinal plants owing to their rapid growth, biosynthetic and genetic stability.
  • 1.8K
  • 17 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Green Production of CWLEs
Energy demand is constantly growing, and, nowadays, fossil fuels still play a dominant role in global energy production, despite their negative effects on air pollution and the emission of greenhouse gases, which are the main contributors to global warming. An alternative clean source of energy is represented by the lignocellulose fraction of plant cell walls, the most abundant carbon source on Earth. To obtain biofuels, lignocellulose must be efficiently converted into fermentable sugars. In this regard, the exploitation of cell wall lytic enzymes (CWLEs) produced by lignocellulolytic fungi and bacteria may be considered as an eco-friendly alternative. These organisms evolved to produce a variety of highly specific CWLEs, even if in low amounts. For an industrial use, both the identification of novel CWLEs and the optimization of sustainable CWLE-expressing biofactories are crucial.
  • 1.8K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Algae and Fungi: use in Pre-Hispanic Mexico
The use of microorganisms in Mexico began before the Spanish conquest. Grains and fruit were fermented for thousands of years around the world, and Mexico was no exception. Many beverages are still prepared nowadays using an assortment of different microorganisms. These beverages use several yeasts, including Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces species. Although not conclusive, it has been suggested (and strong evidence points towards it) that pre-Hispanic cultures not only fermented beverages, but also distilled them.
  • 1.8K
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Genetic Engineering Approach for Next-Generation of Bt-Based Agents
Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) and B. cereus sensu stricto Frankland and Frankland are closely related species of aerobic, spore-forming bacteria included in the B. cereus sensu lato group. This group is one of the most studied, but it remains also the most mysterious species of bacteria. Despite more than a century of research on the features of these ubiquitous bacteria, there are a lot of questionable issues related to their taxonomy, resistance to external influences, endophytic existence, their place in multidimensional relationships in the ecosystem, and many others.
  • 1.8K
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Valorization of Brewers’ Spent Grains
Brewers’ spent grains constitute a valuable byproduct of the beer industry. They are characterized by a rich nutritional composition consisting of around 70% lignocellulosic fibrous material, 20% proteins, 10% lipids, in addition to vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and phenolic compounds.
  • 1.8K
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Epimedium Flavonoids
Epimedium is a classical Chinese herbal medicine, which has been used extensively to treat various diseases, such as sexual dysfunction, osteoporosis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and brain diseases. Flavonoids, such as icariin, baohuoside I, icaritin, and epimedin C, are the main active ingredients with diverse pharmacological activities.
  • 1.8K
  • 23 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Immortalization of Human B Cells
Human B cell immortalization that maintains the constant growth characteristics and antibody expression of B cells in vitro is very critical for the development of antibody drugs and products for the diagnosis and bio-therapeutics of human diseases. Human B cell immortalization methods include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation, Simian virus 40 (SV40) virus infection, in vitro genetic modification, and activating CD40, etc. Immortalized human B cells produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) very efficiently, and the antibodies produced in this way can overcome the immune rejection caused by heterologous antibodies. It is an effective way to prepare mAbs and an important method for developing therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. 
  • 1.7K
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 System
The CRISPR system was initially identified in the DNA sequences of Escherichia coli bacteria and was described in Osaka University (Japan) in 1987. However, it was not until 2007 that the potential of the CRISPR system for gene editing was realized when the first experimental information about the mechanism of action of the CRISPR system was obtained by two French food scientists named Rodolphe Barrangou and Philippe Horvath working with yogurt cultures of bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus for the Danish company Danisco.
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Bortezomib Resistance in Multiple Myeloma Cell
Bortezomib is the most effective chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of MM. This inhibitor is a dipeptide boronic acid analogue discovered in 1995 and is the premier in the class of chymotrypsin-like (CP) inhibitors. Bortezomib is a C-terminal boronic acid, and the boron atom is essential for inhibiting the proteasome activity because of its ability to specifically and tightly bind the β5 catalytic subunit. Boronates form tetrahedral adducts, which are further stabilized by a hydrogen bond between the N-terminal amino group of threonines and the hydroxyl groups of boronic acid. These bonds provide a higher influence for Bortezomib than other drugs developed for inhibition. It binds the proteasome with a high resolution, slowly dissociates, and provides a stable but reversible proteasome inhibition. Various mechanisms have been suggested to explain the multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Increased drug excretion, decreased drug uptake, activation of detoxification systems, inhibition of apoptosis, alterations in cell cycle regulation factors, and changes in drug targets are among the causes.
  • 1.7K
  • 17 Jan 2023
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