Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Antioxidant Activity of Selenium
Selenium is one of the eight necessary trace elements humans require for active health balance. It contributes in several ways to the proper functioning of selenoprotein. Selenium has received enormous interest due to its therapeutic potential against a number of ailments. Numerous chemical compounds containing selenium have been investigated for the therapy of cancer and other disorders. Unifying the selenium atom into chemical components (typically organic) greatly increased their bioactivities. Selenocysteine can substitute the effect of cysteine and shield healthy cells from the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS); in other ways, specific selenium compounds are classified as antioxidant agents that preserve the redox environment in healthy cells.
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Interstitial Cells of Cajal
The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) represent a particular network formed by some peculiar cells that were first described by the great neuroanatomist, S. Ramon y Cajal. The ICC have become a fascinating topic for scientists, arousing their curiosity; as a result, there is a vast number of published articles related to the ICC. Everybody widely accepts that the ICC represent the pacemaker of the gastrointestinal tract and are highly probable to be the origin cells for gastrointestinal tumors (GISTs).
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Rainfall Forecasting
Various rtificial intelligence techniques (AITs), including artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machine (SVM), and Fuzzy logic (FL), have been employed for rainfall forecasting. These techniques have been used to model the relationships between meteorological variables and rainfall and to predict future rainfall based on historical data.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Urban Scene Reconstruction via Neural Radiance Fields
3D reconstruction of urban scenes is an important research topic in remote sensing. Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) offer an efficient solution for both structure recovery and novel view synthesis. The realistic 3D urban models generated by NeRFs have potential future applications in simulation for autonomous driving, as well as in Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) experiences.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Climate Change Challenges in Temperate and Sub-Tropical Fruit Tree Cultivation
In the last few years, the world has experienced the impacts of climate change, such as elevated mean annual temperature, extreme weather events, drought, etc. Among living organisms, perennial plant species are the ones mostly exposed to climate change impacts, as they may experience different extreme events within the same year, such as flooding during some periods and drought in summer months, extremely low temperatures in winter but excessively high temperatures in summer, etc. Climate change affects a range of physiological functions of temperate fruit and nut tree species, such as their phenophases, bud dormancy release and vernalization, pollination and fruit set, fruit growth and quality, as well as bud sprouting and growth initiation. Besides these, the impact of climate change on pests, diseases, and weeds may generate significant negative interactions with tree physiology, threatening food production, food safety, and human welfare. In the present manuscript, a general aspect of climate change impacts on fruits’ and nut trees’ physiological functions is described and commented on.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Redefining Vaccine Effectiveness through Lessons from SARS-CoV-2
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have played a pivotal role in reducing the risk of developing severe illness from COVID-19, thus helping end the COVID-19 global public health emergency.  Intriguingly, as SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged, individuals who were fully vaccinated did get infected in high numbers, and viral loads in vaccinated individuals were as high as those in the unvaccinated.  However, vaccines undoubtedly offered protection against severe illness even without conferring immunity in the classical sense.  The lessons learned from anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are a call to the medical community to revisit and redefine the concept of vaccine effectiveness.  This endeavor is likely to increase increase vaccine confidence, and thus bolster global health education efforts and preventive care. 
  • 1.3K
  • 07 May 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Surimi: Demersal Fish Stock Assessment Insights
Demersal fish stock assessment is crucial for the surimi industry's sustainability, offering insights into population dynamics and preventing overexploitation. Methods like the Length-based Spawning Potential Ratio (LBSPR) provide valuable data on fish reproductive potential, aiding sustainable fisheries management. Overcoming challenges in data collection and promoting interdisciplinary research are key to effective conservation strategies, ensuring long-term viability for both the environment and the economy.
  • 1.3K
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
PBK/TOPK: A Therapeutic Target
T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK), also known as PDZ-binding kinase (PBK), was a member of the MEK3/6-related MAPKK family. As a mitotic serine/threonine protein kinase, accumulating evidence supported its role in mitosis and cell-cycle progression of mitotically active cells, especially proliferative malignant cells. PBK/TOPK was confirmed to be associated with the development, progression, and metastasis of malignancies, which made it a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Further, it was also demonstrated to play crucial roles in ischemic injury and involve in protection against ischemia. This protective effect of PBK/TOPK in the context of ischemia challeged the development of PBK/TOPK inhibitors in anti-tumor therapy, and more research was required to further explore its role and underlying mechanisms to translate its application to clinical studies.  
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Mar 2021
Topic Review
NIR-II Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for Tumor Phototheranostics
Various modalities are involved in phototheranostic systems, including therapeutic methods such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), and diagnostic technologies such as photothermal imaging (PTI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and fluorescence imaging (FLI). As an emerging strategy for cancer treatments via generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the assistance of light, tissue oxygen, and photosensitizer (PS), PDT has a remarkable light-controllable ability, specific spatiotemporal selectivity, and minimized invasiveness. Second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorophores possess the capability of surmounting the inherent deficiencies of conventional FLI, by virtue of its remarkable features including deep penetration, reduced tissue scattering, minimal damage, and high spatial resolution endowed by the extremely long wavelength.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Secure Access Service Edge (SASE)
SASE is an acronym for Secure Access Service Edge. Coined by analyst firm Gartner, SASE simplifies wide-area networking (WAN) and security by delivering both as a cloud service directly to the source of connection (user, device, branch office, IoT device, edge computing location) rather than the enterprise data center. Security is based around identity, real-time context and enterprise security and compliance policies. An identity may be attached to anything from a person/user to a device, branch office, cloud service, application, IoT system, or an edge computing location . SASE is meant to be a simplified WAN and security solution for a mobile, global workplace that relies on cloud applications and data. The common solution of backhauling all WAN traffic over long distances to one or a few corporate data centers for security functions adds network latency when users and their cloud application are globally dispersed, rather than on-premises . By targeting services to the edge at the connection source, SASE eliminates the latency caused by backhauling.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Antioxidant Activities of Natural Polysaccharides and their Derivatives
Natural polysaccharides are a type of natural biomacromolecule found in plants, fungi, algae, animals, and bacteria. Due to their nontoxic, stable, biodegradable, biocompatibility, and excellent antioxidant activity, natural polysaccharides contribute to the potential value in treating or preventing disease caused by oxidative stress. Polysaccharides can reduce the damage to the cell structure, regulate the signal pathways related to antioxidation, improve the intracellular antioxidant enzyme system, reduce the substances that easily produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and protect the body tissue from ROS-induced damage through free radical scavenging activity and immunomodulatory activity. Natural polysaccharides play an irreplaceable therapeutic role and have received more and more attention. Publications related to natural polysaccharides are also increasing.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Dental and Orthopedic Implants
Surface functionalization with carbon nanomaterials in dental and orthopedic implants has emerged as a novel strategy for reinforcement and as a bioactive cue due to their potential for osseointegration.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Vitamin C Anticancer Action
Vitamin C is an indispensable micronutrient in the human diet due to the multiple functions it carries out in the body. Reports of clinical studies have indicated that, when administered at high dosage by the intravenous route, vitamin C may exert beneficial antitumor effects in patients with advanced stage cancers, including those refractory to previous treatment with chemotherapy. 
  • 1.3K
  • 19 May 2021
Topic Review
Voltage-Source-Converter-Based High Voltage Direct Current Transmission System
Long-distance offshore wind power transmission systems utilize multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MT-HVDC) connections based on voltage source converters (VSCs). In addition to having the potential to work around restrictions, the VSC-based MT-HVDC transmission system has significant technical and economic merits over the HVAC transmission system. Offshore wind farms (OWFs) will inevitably grow because of their outstanding resistance to climate change and ability to provide sustainable energy without producing hazardous waste. Due to stronger and more persistent sea winds, the OWF often has a higher generation capacity with less negative climate effects. The majority of modern installations are distant from the shore and produce more power than the early OWF sites, which are situated close to the shore. 
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Undernutrition in fragility hip fracture
Geriatric patients with hip fractures often experience overlap in problems related to nutrition, including undernutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty. Such problems are powerful predictors of adverse responses, although few healthcare professionals are aware of them and therefore do not implement effective interventions.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Megalencephaly-Polymicrogyria-Polydactyly-Hydrocephalus Syndrome
Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndrome is a rare disorder that primarily affects the development of the brain.
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
LncRNAs in Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer (CC) continues to be one of the leading causes of death for women across the world. Although it has been determined that papillomavirus infection is one of the main causes of the etiology of the disease, genetic and epigenetic factors are also required for its progression. Among the epigenetic factors are included the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides (nt) that generally do not code for proteins and have been associated with diverse functions such as the regulation of transcription, translation, RNA metabolism, as well as stem cell maintenance and differentiation, cell autophagy and apoptosis. Recently, studies have begun to characterize the aberrant regulation of lncRNAs in CC cells and tissues, including Homeobox transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), H19, Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), Cervical Carcinoma High-Expressed 1 (CCHE1), Antisense noncoding RNA in the inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (ANRIL), Growth arrest special 5 (GAS5) and Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1). They have been associated with several disease-related processes such as cell growth, cell proliferation, cell survival, metastasis and invasion as well as therapeutic resistance, and are novel potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in CC.
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Inflammation in Neonatal Encephalopathy
Neuroinflammation caused by hypoxia or hypoxic ischemia during the perinatal period contributes to increased risk for neurological deficits and long-term disabilities in children. Inflammation induced by injury results in activation of the resident and peripheral immune cells and production of cytokines.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Organic Cation Transporters in Lung
Organic cation transporters (OCT) 1, 2 and 3 and novel organic cation transporters (OCTN) 1 and 2 of the solute carrier 22 (SLC22) family are involved in the cellular transport of endogenous compounds such as neurotransmitters, l-carnitine and ergothioneine. OCT/Ns have also been implicated in the transport of xenobiotics across various biological barriers, for example biguanides and histamine receptor antagonists. In addition, several drugs used in the treatment of respiratory disorders are cations at physiological pH and potential substrates of OCT/Ns. OCT/Ns may also be associated with the development of chronic lung diseases such as allergic asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and, thus, are possible new drug targets.
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Oncomarkers in IPF Patients
This paper is a review of the literature on the clinical role of oncomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) progression, and a description of the routine oncomarker trend in IPF patients over the longest follow-up yet reported. This is the first meta-analysis to review the results of studies evaluating the predictive prognostic value of circulating oncomarkers (CEA, Ca15.3, Ca19.9, Ca125, and KL-6) for IPF. The study focused on the discovery of multiple biomarker signatures, such as combinations of oncomarkers, that are widely and routinely available in biochemistry laboratories.The combination of clinical parameters and biological markers could help achieve more accurate results regarding prognosis and response to treatment in IPF. Our results could pave the way for a more “personalized” medical approach to patients affected by IPF.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Feb 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 2728
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback