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Topic Review
PZT
The ligand, 4'-(4-(2,2,2-tris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethoxymethyl)phenyl)-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine (PZT) contains a terpyridine fragment and a tris(pyrazolyl) fragment, which may allow synthetic differentiation between the tridentate binding sites as a result of the meridional and the facial coordination preferences of these groups around the octahedral metal centres. This designed bridging ligand may offer the benefits of polydentate ligands and minimisation of isomeric possibilities. The tris(pyrazolyl)methane fragment is of interest, because the coordination chemistry of such systems has also been studied. It, too, is easy to prepare, by reaction of pyrazole with chloroform, and to derivatise, for example by reaction with formaldehyde, to give a molecule, 2,2,2-tris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanol, that can be readily joined to the other binding site, a terpyridine containing synthon.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Feb 2021
Topic Review
ASFV Genome Replication and Packaging
Genome condensation and packaging are essential processes in the life cycle of viruses. Mimivirus and many other nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV) subfamilies have evolved a unique genome packaging mechanism that is comparable to chromosome segregation in bacteria and archaea and requires a number of specific enzymes, such as packaging ATPases, recombinases, DNA polymerases, helicases, and topoisomerases, as well as histones or histone-like proteins. Although the mechanisms of assembly and genome encapsidation in African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) have not been fully characterized, the similarities in genome structure with Poxviruses and data from electron microscopy suggest that the ASFV packaging machinery is similar to Mimivirus and other NCLDVs. ASFV encodes up to 70 structural proteins, 16 of which, at least, are thought to be involved in assembly of the virus particle and include a predicted packaging A32L ATPase (B354L), a lambda-like recombinase (D345L), a type II topoisomerase (P1192R),  and the histone-like DNA-binding protein pA104R.
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Protein Aggregation in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Here we summarize the heterogeneity of structures that are produced from intrinsically disordered protein domains and highlight the routes that lead to the formation of physiological liquid droplets as well as pathogenic aggregates. The most common proteins found in aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases and their structural variability will be addressed.We will further evaluate the clinical relevance and future applications of the study of the structural heterogeneity of protein aggregates, which may aid the understanding of the phenotypic diversity observed in neurodegenerative disorders.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Dietary Fats and MicroRNA expression
Dietary fatty acids (DFAs) play key roles in different metabolic processes in humans and other mammals. DFAs have been considered beneficial for health, particularly polyunsaturated (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs).However both polyunsatyrated and saturated DFAs are both present in normal diet. On the other hand , microRNAs (miRNAs) exert their function on DFA metabolism by modulating gene expression and have drawn great attention for their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. DFAs have been shown to induce and repress miRNA expression associated with metabolic disease and inflammation in different cell types and organisms, both in vivo and in vitro, depending on varying combinations of DFAs, doses, and the duration of treatment.  
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Embedded Machine Learning
Embedded machine learning (EML) can be applied in the areas of accurate computer vision schemes, reliable speech recognition, innovative healthcare, robotics, and more. However, there exists a critical drawback in the efficient implementation of ML algorithms targeting embedded applications. Machine learning algorithms are generally computationally and memory intensive, making them unsuitable for resource-constrained environments such as embedded and mobile devices. In order to efficiently implement these compute and memory-intensive algorithms within the embedded and mobile computing space, innovative optimization techniques are required at the algorithm and hardware levels. 
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Dengue
Dengue fever is one of the most important viral infections transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. 
  • 1.3K
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an extremely rare tumour, which usually affects elderly males and presents in the skin with frequent involvement of the bone-marrow, peripheral blood and lymph nodes. It has a dismal prognosis, with most patients dying within one year when treated by conventional chemotherapies. The diagnosis is challenging, since neoplastic cells can resemble lymphoblasts or small immunoblasts, and require the use of a large panel of antibodies, including those against CD4, CD56, CD123, CD303, TCL1, and TCF4. The morphologic and in part phenotypic ambiguity explains the uncertainties as to the histogenesis of the neoplasm that led to the use of various denominations. 
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Gutta-percha/Bioceramic Sealer (BCS)
The gutta-percha/bioceramic sealer (BCS) filling technique has gained popularity among endodontists, however there are no robust data  evaluating any potential impact of BCS vs. traditional filling techniques on postoperative pain (POP) among randomized controlled trials. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of the BCS filling technique compared with traditional filling techniques on POP in adult patients following root canal filling (RCF). 
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Medical Uses of Iron/Copper/Zinc Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles (NPs) improve delivery of ions and confer targeting capabilities, with the potential for use in treatment and diagnosis. Iron deficiency, cancer, and sepsis are persisting major issues. While targeted delivery using Fe NPs can be used as food fortifiers, chemotherapeutic agents against cancer cells and microbes have been developed using both Fe and Cu NPs. A fast and accurate means of diagnosis is a major impacting factor on outcome of patients, especially when critically ill. Good quality imaging and bed side diagnostic tools are possible using NPs, which may positively impact outcome. 
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Fruit Juices and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages
Free sugars overconsumption is associated with an increased prevalence of risk factors for metabolic diseases such as the alteration of the blood lipid levels. Natural fruit juices have a free sugar composition quite similar to that of sugar-sweetened beverages. Despite the similarity of fruits juices to sugar-sweetened beverages in terms of free sugars content, it remains unclear whether they lead to the same metabolic consequences if consumed in equal dose.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Therapeutic Options for Systemic Sclerosis
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe auto-immune, rheumatic disease, characterized by excessive fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs. SSc is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality rates, and unfortunately, few disease-modifying therapies are currently available. Inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis are the key hallmarks of SSc pathology. There are current and novel treatment options in diminishing SSc-related fibrosis based on selected clinical trials. 
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Feb 2022
Topic Review
BeeGFS
BeeGFS (formerly FhGFS) is a parallel file system, developed and optimized for high-performance computing. BeeGFS includes a distributed metadata architecture for scalability and flexibility reasons. Its most used and widely known aspect is data throughput. BeeGFS was originally developed at the Fraunhofer Center for High Performance Computing in Germany by a team around Sven Breuner, who later became the CEO of ThinkParQ (2014 - 2018), the spin-off company that was founded in 2014 to maintain BeeGFS and offer professional services. Whilst the Community Edition of BeeGFS can be downloaded and used free of charge, the Enterprise Edition must be used under a professional support subscription contract.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Business Software
Business software or a business application is any software or set of computer programs used by business users to perform various business functions. These business applications are used to increase productivity, to measure productivity and to perform other business functions accurately. By and large, business software is likely to be developed to meet the needs of a specific business, and therefore is not easily transferable to a different business environment, unless its nature and operation is identical. Due to the unique requirements of each business, off-the-shelf software is unlikely to completely address a company's needs. However, where an on-the-shelf solution is necessary, due to time or monetary considerations, some level of customization is likely to be required. Exceptions do exist, depending on the business in question, and thorough research is always required before committing to bespoke or off-the-shelf solutions. Some business applications are interactive, i.e., they have a graphical user interface or user interface and users can query/modify/input data and view results instantaneously. They can also run reports instantaneously. Some business applications run in batch mode: they are set up to run based on a predetermined event/time and a business user does not need to initiate them or monitor them. Some business applications are built in-house and some are bought from vendors (off the shelf software products). These business applications are installed on either desktops or big servers. Prior to the introduction of COBOL (a universal compiler) in 1965, businesses developed their own unique machine language. RCA's language consisted of a 12-position instruction. For example, to read a record into memory, the first two digits would be the instruction (action) code. The next four positions of the instruction (an 'A' address) would be the exact leftmost memory location where you want the readable character to be placed. Four positions (a 'B' address) of the instruction would note the very rightmost memory location where you want the last character of the record to be located. A two digit 'B' address also allows a modification of any instruction. Instruction codes and memory designations excluded the use of 8's or 9's. The first RCA business application was implemented in 1962 on a 4k RCA 301. The RCA 301, mid frame 501, and large frame 601 began their marketing in early 1960. Many kinds of users are found within the business environment, and can be categorized by using a small, medium and large matrix: Technologies that previously only existed in peer-to-peer software applications, like Kazaa and Napster, are starting to appear within business applications.
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
CANT Z.501
The CANT Z.501 Gabbiano (Italian: Gull) was a high-wing central-hull flying boat, with two outboard floats. It was powered by a single engine installed in the middle of the main-plane and had a crew of 4–5 men. It served with the Italian Regia Aeronautica during World War II, as a reconnaissance aeroplane. During its debut in 1934, it set a world distance record. It was obsolete by 1940, but was still used throughout World War II, suffering many losses. A few remained in service until 1949.
  • 1.3K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Amyloid Precursor Protein
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an integral membrane protein expressed in many tissues and concentrated in the synapses of neurons. Its primary function is not known, though it has been implicated as a regulator of synapse formation, neural plasticity, antimicrobial activity , and iron export. APP is best known as the precursor molecule whose proteolysis generates amyloid beta (Aβ), a polypeptide containing 37 to 49 amino acid residues, whose amyloid fibrillar form is the primary component of amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Restrictions and Advantages of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT)
There are two major principle modalities to perform prenatal genetic diagnostics: by invasive or non-invasive means. Invasive prenatal genetic diagnostics depends on fetal or placental tissues, which can only be acquired by approaching the unborn with a needle to gain this material for further in vitro studies. Conversely, non-invasive tests do not disturb the fetal or placental tissues at all. The newest non-invasive prenatal diagnostic test approach is the so-called non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Here an overview on real advantages and still critical issues of this approach are put together.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Orthopedic Implants in Biomaterials Using Additive Manufacturing Technologies
The additive manufacturing (AM) process is used for joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer, contrary to subtractive manufacturing methods. This technology plays a significant role in fabricating orthopedic implants, especially parts of hip implants (HI), such as femoral head, stem, neck, polyethylene linear, acetabular shell, and so on, using biomaterials. These biodegradable resources are those that can be utilized as tissue substitutes since they are accepted by live tissues. 
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Microplastic Migration
Microplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems has drawn attention not only because microplastics are likely to accumulate anywhere but also because they cause negative impacts both to aquatic biota and, indirectly, to public health, as a result of their presence. Between diffuse and point sources, there are a variety of paths for microplastics to migrate through riverine environments, traverse transition environments between fresh and salty water sites and finally enter sea waters then accumulate along marine environments. On the other hand, plastic particles can also be transferred to other environments through percolation through the soil until they reach subterranean reservoirs and, finally, emerge in the most different ecosystems.
  • 1.3K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning in Aviation Environmental Impact Analysis
The rapid growth of global aviation operations has made its negative environmental impact an international concern. Accurate modeling of aircraft fuel burn, emissions, and noise is the prerequisite for informing new operational procedures, technologies, and policies towards a more sustainable future of aviation. Due to the advances in big data technologies and effective algorithms, the transformative data-driven analysis has begun to play a substantial role in aviation environmental impact analysis. The integration of statistical and machine learning methods in the workflow has made such analysis more efficient and accurate.
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Carbazoles Treatment for COVID-19 Infection
Several treatment approaches for COVID-19 were employed since the beginning of the pandemic, such as immunomodulatory, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial agents, and again corticosteroids, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists, but many of them were proven ineffective in targeting the virus. So, the identification of drugs to be used effectively for treatment of COVID-19 is strongly needed. Carbazoles represent an interesting class of heterocycles known by their anticancer activity: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiepileptic, antihistamine, antiviral. In addition, numerous carbazole derivatives have also been found to be useful for Alzheimer’s disease. 
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Feb 2023
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