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Topic Review
Use of Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method is a method of bond characterization that could be used quantitatively and qualitatively with X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and electron energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) to study the chemical composition, compound composition, microstructural morphology, and their elemental compositions in CB applications, respectively.
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Mechanical Strength and Durability of Dune Sand
According to the authors’ best information, the majority of research focuses on other waste materials, such as recycling industrial waste (glass, silica fume, marble and waste foundry sand), etc. However, some researchers suggest dune sand as an alternative material for concrete production, but knowledge is still scarce. Therefore, a comprehensive overview is required on dune sand to evaluate its current progress as well as its effects on the strength and durability properties of concrete. 
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles in Bridge Inspection
Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAV) constitute a rapidly evolving technology field that is becoming more accessible and capable of supplementing, expanding, and even replacing some traditionally manual bridge inspections. Given the classification of the bridge inspection types as initial, routine, in-depth, damage, special, and fracture critical members, specific UAV mission requirements can be developed, and their suitability for UAV application examined.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Production of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is defined as a type of concrete that exhibits compressive strength greater than 120 MPa, a nominal maximum aggregate size of less than 5 mm, and flowability between 200 mm and 250 mm. UHPC exhibits a tensile strength greater than 5 MPa. According to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), USA, UHPC is characterized by the use of a combination of Portland cement and supplementary cementitious materials, an optimised gradation of granular materials, a high volume of discontinuous internal fibres, and a low water-to-cementitious materials ratio of less than 0.25. The microstructure of UHPC is characterized irregular pores, which control liquid evaporation and enhance durability in comparison to conventional and high-performance concretes.
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
History of Passive Sliding Base Isolation Systems
Base isolation techniques have emerged as the most effective seismic damage mitigation strategies. Several types of aseismic devices for base isolation have been invented, studied, and used. Out of several isolation systems, sliding isolation systems are popular due to their operational simplicity and ease of manufacturing. These isolators behave passively i.e. their properties of independent of frequency of earthquake excitation. Herein, the historical development of passive sliding isolators based on the number of sliding surfaces is discussed.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
The incorporation of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in new asphalt mixtures is one of the most applied recycling techniques in pavement construction and maintenance. This technique uses additives to rejuvenate the aged bitumen in RAP.  Full recycling of RAP rejuvenated with waste cooking oil (WCO) seems promising regarding the observed mechanical behaviour, except for rutting resistance. The incorporation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) from urban waste as a low-cost polymer is promising to improve rutting resistance. Considering the adequate performance of this type of asphalt mixtures, there are good expectations about the future use of these solutions in real pavements, particularly for low and intermediate traffic levels. The findings obtained so far also show that full recycling of asphalt concrete with WCO and LDPE is a feasible and economic paving technology. 
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Building Information Modelling
The evolution of the construction industry is associated with the continuous implementation of new technologies. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has revolutionised the collaboration and data sharing processes in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry.
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Vertical Barriers for Land Contamination Containment
Soil pollution is one of the major threats to the environment and jeopardizes the provision of key soil ecosystem services. Vertical barriers, including slurry trench walls and walls constructed with soil mix technology, have been employed for decades to control groundwater flow and subsurface contaminant transport.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Smart City Infrastructure
Smart city infrastructure contains: Infrastructure development using smart systems; Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and its role in infrastructure construction, management, maintenance and operation; Sustainability in current smart infrastructure.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Seismic Design of Timber Buildings
Use of timber as a construction material has entered a period of renaissance since the development of high-performance engineered wood products, enabling larger and taller buildings to be built. In addition, due to substantial contribution of the building sector to global energy use, greenhouse gas emissions and waste production, sustainable solutions are needed, for which timber has shown a great potential as a sustainable, resilient and renewable building alternative, not only for single family homes but also for mid-rise and high-rise buildings. Both recent technological developments in timber engineering and exponentially increased use of engineered wood products and wood composites reflect in deficiency of current timber codes and standards. This paper presents an overview of some of the current challenges and emerging trends in the field of seismic design of timber buildings. Currently existing building codes and the development of new generation of European building codes are presented. Ongoing studies on a variety topics within seismic timber engineering are presented, including tall timber and hybrid buildings, composites with timber and seismic retrofitting with timber. Crucial challenges, key research needs and opportunities are addressed and critically discussed. Definition adverb(with reference to an increase) more and more rapidly. Example the coefficients show an exponentially decaying trend
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Principles of Photocatalysis in Photocatalytic Cementitious Material
Photoinduced processes governed by light activated TiO2 have been studied in many ways. One of the most active areas is the development of TiO2 photocatalysis technologies on their application for reducing environmental impacts. The immobilization of TiO2 on solid support, such as cementitious materials, greatly enhances its use in practical applications.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
IoT-aided Building Fire Evacuation
Internet of Things (IoT)-aided building fire evacuation is a new concept of the building evacuation mode, which improves the building evacuation process by making decisions of escape based on the real-time fire-ground information, such as the fire environment and occupant situations. 
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Porous Concrete
Alternative materials to replace cement in pavements have recently been widely studied with the purpose of decreasing the environmental impacts that the construction industry generates. In this context, the implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems has grown, especially with porous pavements, with the intention to reduce water and environmental impacts. In the present investigation, the addition of alternative materials to minimize the use of cement in porous concrete pavements is evaluated. Starting from a partial substitution of Portland cement with metakaolin, experimental geopolymer concretes were produced with metakaolin and waste basalt powder according to several dosages. Two sets of mixtures were analyzed to evaluate the Porous Concrete Design (PCD) methodology for porous concrete mixtures with alternative materials. A deep analysis was proposed for the evaluation of the mechanical and volumetric properties of the mixtures. Results demonstrated that replacing 5% of cement with metakaolin can increase both permeability and indirect tensile strength. Geopolymer mixtures can achieve permeability significantly higher than the traditional porous concrete, but this decreases their indirect tensile strength. However, considering the promising results, an adjustment in the mix design of the geopolymer mixtures could increase their mechanical properties without negatively affecting the porosity, making these materials a suitable alternative to traditional porous cement concrete, and a solution to be used in urban pavements.
  • 1.4K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Source, Preparation and Fundamental Properties of Recycled Powder
Recycled powder (RP) is a by-product of preparing recycled aggregates from construction waste through debris removal, step-by-step crushing, screening, and mechanical strengthening. It is a fine powder with a particle size of less than 75 μm.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Analysis Existing Mosque Buildings in the UAE
According to the World Economic Forum, the building sector is responsible for 40% of global energy consumption and 33% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and this is expected to increase due to population growth and the subsequent impact on the environment, economy and health. To tackle the problem, countries have set new construction codes, policies and regulations for the construction of new buildings in an effort to make them greener. However, there is a need to enhance the status of the existing buildings, especially mosques, as they are the main contributors to energy usage and water consumption in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Extended Reality for Civil Engineering Structures
Utilization of emerging immersive visualization technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) in the architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry has demonstrated that these visualization tools can be paradigm-shifting. Extended Reality (XR), an umbrella term for VR, AR, and MR technologies, has found many diverse use cases in the AEC industry. 
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Modern Displacement Measuring Systems
The contemporary displacement measurement systems used in geotechnical laboratories during the determination of soil precise mechanical parameters, (e.g., the shear modules G: initial and in the range of small and very small strains) are not universal and their use depends on the type of soil (cohesive, non-cohesive), its condition (loose or dense, stiff or very soft), and its characteristic properties (e.g., organic soil, swelling soil).
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Assessment of BIM-Based Stakeholder Management Process
A continuous evaluation of the stakeholder management process can be achieved using definitive key performance indicators (KPIs). An exhaustive literature survey in this direction provided a set of 26 indicators assessed through a questionnaire survey for their possible implications on the stakeholder management process. The survey was conducted among 55 respondents with experience in using building information modeling (BIM) in mega-construction projects.
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Nondestructive Monitoring in RC Elements
The structural and damage assessment of a reinforced concrete (RC) beam subjected to a four-point bending laboratory test is presented. Different nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques have been used with distributed fiber optic sensors (FOS) and acoustic emission (AE) sensors. The recorded AE activity results in good agreement with FOS strain measurements. At different loading steps, digital image correlation (DIC) analysis was also conducted.
  • 1.4K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
The Smart Grid
The smart grid is enabling the collection of massive amounts of high-dimensional and multi-type data about the electric power grid operations, by integrating advanced metering infrastructure, control technologies, and communication technologies.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 May 2021
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