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Several in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the protective effects of antioxidant vitamin and mineral against cigarette smoking-induced asthma biomarkers. Vitamin A, vitamin C, β-cryptoxanthin, and zinc might protect human bronchial epithelial cells against inflammatory biomarkers, while vitamin E, vitamin D, and lycopene might provide protection against both oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers [1].
09 Feb 2024
Colorized scanning electron micrograph of Marburg virus particles (yellow) both budding and attached to the surface of infected VERO E6 cells (blue). Image captured and color-enhanced at the NIAID Integrated Research Facility in Fort Detrick, Maryland.
NIAID, Wikimedia Commons
31 Jan 2024
Kalidas Dih was the part of the Ancient Mithila University. It is place where the great Indian Sanskrit Scholar Kalidasa wrote his compositions.
09 Aug 2023
Nidoviruses with canonical (SARS-CoV) and non-canonical genome ORFs organization. WJHAV, Wuhan Japanese halfbeak arterivirus (MG600020.1), species Halfbeak nidovirus 1, family Nanhypoviridae; BNV1, Beihai nido-like virus 1 (KX883629.1), species Turrinivirus 1, family Medioniviridae; AAbV, Aplysia abyssovirus 1 (GBBW01007738.1), species Aplysia abyssovirus 1, family Abyssoviridae; PSCNV, planarian secretory cell nidovirus (MH933735.1), species Planidovirus 1, family Mononiviridae. ORFs are positioned according to their reading frame, with the most 5′-terminal depicted ORF set as zero. ORF regions are colored according to their main function assignment (see inset). Genome signals, described by the discoverers of each virus, are indicated by color (see inset). [1]
Anastasia A.Gulyaeva and Alexander E.Gorbalenya
25 Jan 2024
Herpes infection on ThinPrep Pap smear. Pathological and histological images courtesy of Ed Uthman at flickr.
Ed Uthman, Wikimedia Commons
22 Feb 2024
Schematic drawing of a virion of the genus Gammalipothrixvirus in cross section, details enlarged. Enveloped, rod-shaped virion about 900 nm long and 24 nm in diameter. Genomic DNA is packaged into a helical core.
ViralZone, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Wikimedia Commons
23 Feb 2024
Baculoviruses, classified within the Baculoviridae family, are exemplified by Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). While these viruses primarily target insects in their natural habitat, they possess the capability to infiltrate various animal cell types, although they are unable to reproduce within them.
Wikimedia Commons, Dwight Lynn
13 Mar 2024
Scutellaria baicalensis and its flavone compounds exert therapeutic effects in nicotine-induced asthma. This is observed by inhibiting proliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis, as well as inducing apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells through suppressing human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChRs) and its downstream signaling pathways involved in asthma development [1].
02 Feb 2024
The low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) increases liver ketone bodies (KBs) production and influences the gut short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, which may in turn modulate adipose tissues (AT) inflammation in obesity.
11 Jan 2024
Non-aggregated lamellar gold crystals with regular shape (triangles, squares, pentagons, etc.) have been produced by thermal decomposition of gold chloride (AuCl) molecules in molten amorphous polymers (e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate)). Such covalent inorganic gold salt is high soluble into non-polar polymers and it thermally decomposes at temperatures compatible with the polymer thermal stability, producing gold atoms and chlorine radicals [1]. At the end of the gold precipitation process, the polymer matrix resulted chemically modified because of the partial cross-linking process due to the gold atom formation reaction.
06 Feb 2024
Cross section through ebola virus shows proteins in blue, green and magenta, the RNA genome in yellow, and the membrane in light purple. The painting was created as part of the Molecule of the Month on Ebola Virus Proteins. It was recognized by the 2016 Wellcome Trust Overall Image Award and the 2015 FASEB BioArt Awards.
David S. Goodsell, RCSB Protein Data Bank, Wikimedia Commons
01 Feb 2024
Genome map of the family Rhabdoviridae.
Wikimedia Commons, ViralZone, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
02 Apr 2024
This infographic is adapted from Remote Sens. 2024, 16(14), 2519; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142519
The year 2023 has been recognized as the hottest year on record, surpassing the previous record established in 2016. Widespread warm temperature anomalies and extreme heatwaves occurred during the second half of the year 2023 across South America. During this period, extremely warm and dry conditions hit the Amazon, leading to huge ecological and socioeconomic impacts.
Encyclopedia Editorial Office
05 Nov 2024
Maternal very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) intake during pregnancy and lactation increases β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the infant gut. SCFAs stimulate the relative abundance of infant gut, which play an immune-modulating role in reducing asthma.
22 Jan 2024
Colorized transmission electron micrograph of monkeypox virus particles (yellow) cultivated and purified from cell culture. Image captured at the NIAID Integrated Research Facility (IRF) in Fort Detrick, Maryland.
NIAID
31 Jan 2024
Schematic drawing of a virion of the hepatitis D virus (satellite) and the hepatitis B virus (helper).
ViralZone, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Wikimedia Commons
01 Mar 2024
The inflorescence of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Family Euphorbiaceae), a tropical tuber crop. Muruwere, Manica Province of Mozambique. The leaves show symptoms of cassava mosaic disease, caused by a virus. This picture was taken in the early afternoon when the male flowers start to open. Later on they will open more completely.
Ton Rulkens, Wikimedia Commons
01 Mar 2024
Colorized scanning electron micrograph of filamentous Ebola virus particles (green) attached to and budding from a chronically infected VERO E6 cell (blue) (25,000x magnification).
Wikimedia Commons, NIAID
02 Apr 2024
(A) The 7.21 kb +ssRNA genome of HRV-16 is comprised of a single open-reading frame encoding 11 gene products, which upon translation into three distinct polyproteins are cleaved by HRV-encoded proteases (2A and 3C). The 5′-end of the genome is capped with a short viral priming protein (VPg) for incorporation during virion assembly and a the 3′-end is polyadenylated. Capsid proteins VP1 and VP4 (∗) are generally used for phylogenetic analysis. RdRP, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; UTR, untranslated region. (B) An icosahedral virion structure of HRV with a pentamer structure shown highlighting the external capsid proteins (VP1, VP2, and VP3) organization. VP1 is responsible for receptor engagement and VP4 is located beneath each monomeric unit and is responsible for genomic association with VPg. (C) Three distinct species of human rhinovirus have been identified (HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C). The approximate number of types within each species classification and known receptors of each are shown [1].
Wikimedia Commons, Christopher C. Stobart, Jenna M. Nosek, and Martin L. Moore
25 Jan 2024
Virus particles of the Geminiviridae, Geminialphasatellitinae and Tolecusatellitidae, side view.
ViralZone, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
01 Apr 2024
