Encyclopedia
Ginkgo biloba is a deciduous tree with a life span of more than 3000 years.
31 Aug 2023
The different role of apoptosis and autophagy in human colorectal cancer.
28 Jun 2024
This 1975 transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of a number of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) virions, which are Coronaviridae family members, and members of the genus Coronavirus. IBV is a highly contagious pathogen, which infects poultry of all ages, affecting a number of organ systems including the respiratory and urogenital organs. IBV is categorized as a Group 3 coronavirus member, with a helical genome composed of positive-sense single-stranded RNA ((+) ssRNA). This is an enveloped virus, which means that its outermost covering is derived from the host cell membrane.
Public Health Image Library
17 Jan 2024
In vitro and in vivo experiments using breast cancer cells showed an inhibition of microtubule polymerization, cell proliferation, viability, migration, invasion, metastasis, and inflammation, along with the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest after treatment with bilberries-rich bioactives [1].
24 Jan 2024
Transmission electron micrograph of a smallpox virus particle.
Wikimedia Commons, Graham Beards
25 Jan 2024
Technological potentiality of diatomite
Diatomite is a silica mineral composed of fossilized skeletal remains of microscopic single-celled aquatic plants (algae) called diatoms. A great technological potentiality of diatomite is its capability to absorb and finely subdivide a liquid phase. This potentiality is being exploited in the field of energy for the development of composite phase change materials (PCM). In particular, phase change materials can be divided according to their composition into single phase change materials and composite phase change materials. The single phase change materials include inorganic phase change materials and organic phase change material. Inorganic phase change materials are extremely corrosive and inconvenient to use although they have high thermal conductivity and good heat transfer effect. Organic phase change materials have high latent heat of phase change and stable performance. However, they have low thermal conductivity and poor heat transfer effect. Research on composite phase change materials has become a hot topic for overcoming the defects of the single phase change materials. The composite phase change materials are composed of phase change materials and carrier materials, which have high thermal conductivity and stability. Diatomite is a natural mineral raw material that has the advantages of large specific surface area, high chemical stability and lower price than activated carbon. Therefore, diatomite is widely used as a carrier for composite materials. For example, shaped phase change composite materials have been prepared by dipping method with stearic acid and diatomaceous. The preparation process and properties of paraffin/modified diatomite composite phase change energy storage materials have been studied too.
22 Apr 2024
Several hepatic disorders are influenced by gut microbiota, but its role in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI), whose main causative agent is amoxicillin–clavulanate, remains unknown. This pioneering study aims to unravel particular patterns of gut microbiota composition and associated metabolites in iDILI and iDILI patients by amoxicillin–clavulanate (iDILI-AC). Serum and fecal bile acids, gut microbiota composition as well as fecal metabolome were analyzed. Moreover, correlation analyses were performed. Our results showed the existence of a distinct gut microbial profile, together with a specific fecal metabolome and a certain bile acid pattern in iDILI and, particularly, in iDILI-AC patients that could indicate a relationship between the onset and progression of the disease and gut microbiota functionally. The findings observed in this novel and descriptive study contribute to the discovery of certain microbial and metabolomic biomarkers that could become feasible early predictors of the disease.
04 Jul 2024
This compilation of a number of transmission electron micrographs (TEM), revealed some of the morphologic differences displayed by three Poxviridae family members: Yaba-like disease (YLD) virus, Yabapox virus, and Tanapox virus, each in its M and C forms. M form represents the virions in their mulberry configuration, whereupon, the capsid appears much like a mulberry, and the C form represents the capsular appearance of the virions capsid, or external protein coat.
Public Health Image Library
15 Jan 2024
Genome (top), products of genome translation (left) and transcription (right) are shown. ORFs and polyprotein regions are colored according to their predominant function (see inset). Genome ORFs are depicted in their frame, with ORF1a frame set to zero. For each sg mRNA, only ORFs believed to be translated from it are shown, without indicating their frame relative to ORF1a. For genome and sg mRNAs, RNA signals are indicated by color (see inset). For polyproteins, autoproteolytic processing scheme (see inset) and selected protein domains are specified. The NC_004718.3 record was used to prepare this figure. Note that sg mRNA 3.1 is not shown; the most N-terminal ubiquitin (Ub) and Macro domains are separated by acidic, structurally disordered region of ∼70 aa. SUD-N and SUD-M, N-terminal and Middle domains of SARS-CoV Unique Domain, respectively; Y, Y domain.[1]
Anastasia A. Gulyaeva, Alexander E. Gorbalenya
25 Jan 2024
Phylogenetic analysis of the L proteins of members of the family Paramyxoviridae. Phylogenetic analysis using MEGA4.1 was performed on the aa sequence of L proteins from various members of the family Paramyxoviridae. The tree shown was based on maximum parsimony; however, analysis of the same data using maximun likelihood produced a tree with nearly identical topology (data not shown).[1]
Wikimedia Commons
01 Feb 2024
The irrational consumption of natural resources is a problem of actual society, with a significant impact on next generations. For this reason, it is necessary to find new solutions to rationally exploitation and to ensure primary resources availability in the future. In this context, developing new energy storage technologies represents a promising alternative for current situation, having a positive long – term consequences. Therefore, it is important to have a wide perspective regarding the classification of the energy storage technologies, with reduced environmental impact, such as mechanical, electrochemical, thermal, electrical and chemical [1].
22 Feb 2024
Colorized scanning electron micrograph of filamentous Ebola virus particles (green) attached and budding from a chronically infected VERO E6 cell (orange) (25,000x magnification).
NIAID, Wikimedia Commons
24 Jan 2024
Sammons' Opuntia virus, also known as ringspot virus due to the light yellow rings it induces on cactus pads, can be easily identified by its concentric rings. Fortunately, research indicates that this virus does not harm the overall health of the plant. However, there is currently no known treatment for Sammons' virus. It is exclusive to Opuntia cacti and is primarily transmitted through the plant's sap, rather than by insects. Human propagation using infected cuttings is the most common method of transmission. To prevent the spread of the disease, it is crucial to only propagate cacti using pads that exhibit no symptoms of the virus.
iNaturalist, roomthily
08 Mar 2024
Participants performing the virtual reality (VR) social scenarios in a standing or sitting position. Images are blurred to prevent the identification of participants [1].
21 Jul 2023
Colorized scanning electron micrograph of two Ebola virus particles found in extracellular space between infected African green monkey kidney cells.
NIAID, Wikimedia Commons
24 Jan 2024
Colorized scanning electron micrograph of filamentous Ebola virus particles (green) attached to and budding from a chronically infected VERO E6 cell (blue) (25,000x magnification). Image captured and color-enhanced at the NIAID Integrated Research Facility in Ft. Detrick, Maryland.
NIAID, Wikimedia Commons
24 Jan 2024
Highly magnified at 310,000X, this negative-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) depicted a smallpox (variola) virus particle, or a single virion. Variola is a double-stranded DNA virus in the genus, Orthopoxvirus. The virus enters the body via the oropharynx, or respiratory mucosa, spreads systemically, and eventually localizes in small blood vessels of the dermis, which is the layer of skin located below the more superficial epidermis.
Public Health Image Library
15 Jan 2024
Pilot Water Treatment Plant Schematic Diagram.
28 Jun 2024
Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a single filamentous Ebola virus particle.
NIAID, Wikimedia Commons
24 Jan 2024
A) The ends of the negative strand influenza genomic RNA are complexed with the three polymerase proteins and the remaining sequence is encapsidated with nucleoprotein (vRNP (-)). The positive strand cRNP is similarly complexed. The mRNA is transcribed with a 5’ cap structure and poly-A tail (see main text for details). Figure used with permission from Resa-Infante et al., 2011. B) Schematic of the influenza A virus genome. The bold black lines represent the 3’ and 5’ untranslated regions. The blue and pink boxes represent the major protein coding regions. C) Schematic of the influenza B virus genome. The green and brown boxes represent the major protein coding regions. D) Schematic of the influenza C virus genome. The red and purple boxes represent the major protein coding regions. The protein coding regions are not to scale. Coding regions in a different reading frame are shown above or below each other, coding regions in the same frame are show as contiguous blocks [1].
Wikimedia Commons, Ewan P. Plant, Zhiping Ye
02 Feb 2024
