Encyclopedia
Virus particles of the Geminiviridae, Geminialphasatellitinae and Tolecusatellitidae, side view.
ViralZone, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
01 Apr 2024
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a state that reflects the failure of a fetus to attain its full genetic growth at a particular gestational age. The limited evidence from case-control studies in humans suggests that FGR is associated with alterations of certain gut microbiota taxa [1].
04 Feb 2024
The "melting pot" model of rolling circle replication of porcine circoviruses. [1]
F. Faurez, D. Dory, B. Grasland, and A. Jestin, Wikimedia Commons
08 Mar 2024
This is a transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of Zika virus, which is a member of the family Flaviviridae. Virus particles are 40 nm in diameter, with an outer envelope, and an inner dense core.
CDC/ Cynthia Goldsmith, Wikimedia Commons
07 Feb 2024
This negative-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) depicts the ultrastructural details of a number of influenza virus particles, or virions. A member of the taxonomic family Orthomyxoviridae, the influenza virus is a single-stranded RNA organism.
The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The best way to prevent this illness is by getting a flu vaccination each fall.
Every year in the United States, on average:
- 5% to 20% of the population gets the flu
- more than 200,000 people are hospitalized from flu complications, and
- about 36,000 people die from flu. Some people, such as older people, young children, and people with certain health conditions, are at high risk for serious flu complications.
Public Health Image Library, F. A. Murphy
24 Jan 2024
Isolated from a blood culture taken via a central line. Potential line coloniser. Date: 28 February 2012.
Nathan Reading, Wikimedia Commons
24 Jul 2024
This negatively-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of a number of Hong Kong flu virus virions, the H3N2 subtype of the influenza A virus. This virus is a Orthomyxoviridae virus family member, and was responsible for the flu pandemic of 1968-1969, which infected an estimated 50,000,000 people in the United States, killing 33,000. Note the proteinaceous coat, or capsid, surrounding each virion, and the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase spikes, which differ in terms of their molecular make-up from strain to strain.
Public Health Image Library
15 Jan 2024
This negatively-stained transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed the presence of a number of influenza virus virions. This virus is a Orthomyxoviridae virus family member.
Public Health Image Library
15 Jan 2024
This transmission electron micrograph (TEM) revealed some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by norovirus virions, or virus particles. Noroviruses belong to the genus Norovirus, and the family Caliciviridae. They are a group of related, single-stranded RNA, nonenveloped viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis in humans. Norovirus was recently approved as the official genus name for the group of viruses provisionally described as Norwalk-like viruses (NLV).
Public Health Image Library
17 Jan 2024
A leaf from a zucchini plant infected with Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Grown in Los Angeles, California.
Wikimedia Commons, Downtowngal
01 Feb 2024
Photo of Cucumber mosaic virus inclusion bodies in plant cells.
Florida Division of Plant Industry , Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bugwood.org, Wikimedia Commons
22 Feb 2024
Enveloped, spherical to pleomorphic, 150-200 nm in diameter, T=16 icosahedral symmetry. Capsid consists of 162 capsomers and is surrounded by an amorphous tegument. Glycoproteins complexes are embed in the lipid envelope.
ViralZone, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Wikimedia Commons
22 Feb 2024
Rose rosette disease is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of stems, leaves, and flowers in roses. It is caused by a virus, which necessitates the assistance of a minuscule mite known as an eriophyid mite to spread the disease among plants.
iNaturalist, Bonnie Semmling
02 Feb 2024
Grass cells under a microscope reveal a fascinating structure composed of tightly packed cells with thick cell walls. The primary components include long, rectangular epidermal cells that provide structural support, interspersed with smaller stomatal cells responsible for gas exchange. Each cell contains chloroplasts, the green organelles where photosynthesis occurs, capturing light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Additionally, the presence of large vacuoles helps maintain cell turgidity, ensuring the plant's rigidity and upright growth. Observing grass cells under magnification highlights the intricate design that supports essential functions like photosynthesis, respiration, and growth in plants.
09 Aug 2024
Six-month follow-up of a tooth with external root resorption treated by Biodentin.
22 Aug 2023
Canine distemper in raccoons starts slowly, initially appearing as an upper respiratory infection, with a runny nose and watery eyes developing into conjunctivitis (the most visible symptoms). The raccoon may be thin and debilitated and diarrhea is a clear symptom. In the final stage of the disease, the raccoon may begin to wander aimlessly in a circle, disoriented and unaware of its surroundings, suffer paralysis or exhibit other bizarre behavior as a result of brain damage.[1]
This raccoon walked in circles for over an hour while the observer was at this location. Not grooming itself, apparently no awareness of the observer or the nearby ducks, and would occasionally absentmindedly step off the ice and into the water.[2]
iNaturalist, Lily M
01 Feb 2024
Structure of Murine leukemia virus (MLV). [1]
Mohammad Khalid Parvez, Wikimedia Commons
01 Mar 2024
Viral attachment to host cell surface glycans results in internalization of reovirus via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Alternatively, infectious subvirion particles (ISVPs) can be formed from proteolysis by extracellular proteases allowing their direct entry into cells via membrane penetration. Once internalized, the virus is transported to early and late endosomes where it undergoes proteolytic disassembly and degradation resulting in the formation of ISVPs and subsequently in the release of transcriptionally active viral core particles into the cytoplasm. Activated RNA-dependent RNA polymerase begins primary transcription within the core particles resulting in the release of primary transcripts that, along with protein products of early translation, form complexes or inclusions where further transcription and translation occur which, in turn, ultimately lead to viral replication and assembly, host cell death, and progeny release [1].
Wikimedia Commons, Jun Gong and Monica M. Mita
25 Jan 2024
