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Topic Review
Ultrasonography for Detecting Neoplasms in Dogs and Cats
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is based on the intravenous injection of contrast media constituted by microbubbles. This imaging modality provides information on the tissue perfusion and allows the investigation of macro- and micro-circulation. Studies on different organs and tissues were performed in dogs and cats and revealed a tendency of malignant tumors to present faster transit of the contrast media (time to wash in, peak and wash out). These advanced techniques associated with other imaging modalities can be used as screening tests and can potentially represent an alternative to the invasive sampling methods required for cytological and histopathological analysis.
  • 322
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Ultrasonographic Assessment during the Weaning Process
Weaning patients from mechanical ventilation (MV) is a complex process that may result in either success or failure. The use of ultrasound at the bedside to assess organs may help to identify the underlying mechanisms that could lead to weaning failure and enable proactive measures to minimize extubation failure.
  • 330
  • 23 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Ultrasonic Welding
The ultrasonic welding (UW) technique is an ultra-fast joining process used to join thermoplastics, metals and thermoplastic polymer matrix composites.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Ball-Burnishing Process
Burnishing processes are effective methods to increase the durability and surface texture of industrial parts, through plastic deformation of its micropeaks. Traditional burnishing can be strongly improved with the assistance of external energy sources. One of these sources is vibration assistance, which can be delivered into the systems through different means. In overall, vibration-assistance ball burnishing consists on overlapping to the static burnishing preload an oscillatory force that favours the acoustoplastic effect in the material, that is, an increase in dislocation mobility that facilitates plastic deformation, while eventually delivering residual hardening on the target surface.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis
In the field of synthesis and processing of noble metal nanoparticles, the study of the bottom-up method, called Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP), is becoming increasingly important. This review analyses briefly the features of USP, to underline the physical, chemical and technological characteristics for producing nanoparticles and nanoparticle composites with Au and Ag. The main aim is to understand USP parameters, which are responsible for nanoparticle formation. There are two nanoparticle formation mechanisms in USP: Droplet-To-Particle (DTP) and Gas-To-Particle (GTP). This review shows how the USP process is able to produce Au, Ag/TiO2, Au/TiO2, Au/Fe2O3 and Ag/(Y0.95 Eu0.05)2O3 nanoparticles, and presents the mechanisms of formation for a particular type of nanoparticle. Namely, the presented Au and Ag nanoparticles are intended for use in nanomedicine, sensing applications, electrochemical devices, and catalysis, in order to benefit from their properties, which cannot be achieved with identical bulk materials. The development of new noble metal nanoparticles with USP is a constant goal in Nanotechnology, with the objective to obtain increasingly predictable final properties of nanoparticles.
  • 2.9K
  • 14 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Ultrasonic Microbubble Cavitation in Tumor Therapy
Chemotherapy has an essential role not only in advanced solid tumor therapy intervention but also in society’s health at large. Chemoresistance, however, seriously restricts the efficiency and sensitivity of chemotherapeutic agents, representing a significant threat to patients’ quality of life and life expectancy. How to reverse chemoresistance, improve efficacy sensitization response, and reduce adverse side effects need to be tackled urgently. Consequently, studies on the effect of ultrasonic microbubble cavitation on enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) have attracted the attention of researchers. Compared with the traditional targeted drug delivery regimen, the microbubble cavitation effect, which can be used to enhance the EPR effect, has the advantages of less trauma, low cost, and good sensitization effect, and has significant application prospects.
  • 927
  • 15 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasonic dynamic mechanical analysis (UDMA) for polymer characterization
Ultrasonic wave propagation has been used for the high frequency dynamic mechanical analysis of polymers with the aim to monitor the changes of viscoelastic properties in polymers associated with glass transition, crystallization, physical or chemical gelation, crosslinking, and curing reactions.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Jun 2020
Topic Review
Ultrasonic and UWB Technology for Indoor Localization
Evaluations of different technologies and solutions for indoor localization exist but only a few are aimed at the industrial context. It's showed that an acceptable accuracy required for tracking people or objects and could serve as a guideline for the least achievable accuracy when applied for mobile robotics in conjunction with other elements of a robotic navigation stack. 
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasensitive Magnetic Field Sensors
One of the cutting-edge topics today is the use of magnetic field sensors for applications such as magnetocardiography, magnetotomography, magnetomyography, magnetoneurography, or their application in point-of-care devices. Types of magnetic field sensors include direct current superconducting quantum interference devices, search coil, fluxgate, magnetoelectric, giant magneto-impedance, anisotropic/giant/tunneling magnetoresistance, optically pumped, cavity optomechanical, Hall effect, magnetoelastic, spin wave interferometry, and those based on the behavior of nitrogen-vacancy centers in the atomic lattice of diamond. Current developments of magnetometry in biological diagnostics are revised in review paper DOI: 10.3390/s20061569.
  • 2.7K
  • 11 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Ultrafine-Grained Stainless Steels after Severe Plastic Deformation
Both mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of various stainless steels can be optimized owing to grain refinement decreasing the grain size down to hundreds of nanometers. The ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructures can be obtained in ferritic and austenitic stainless steels by means of large strain deformation using severe plastic deformation (SPD) or conventional processing methods under conditions of cold to warm working. The UFG stainless steels are characterized by high strength. However, the strengthening by large strain deformation is accompanied by a substantial degradation of plasticity. Therefore, the UFG stainless steels are frequently subjected to recovery/recrystallization annealing to balance the strength and plasticity. The revealed relationships among a range of microstructural parameters open up a promising approach to clarify the mechanical behaviour of UFG stainless steels. Therefore, UFG stainless steels produced by large strain deformation have great potential for various applications as structural and functional materials.
  • 397
  • 10 Apr 2023
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