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Topic Review
MYC Deregulation in Burkitt Lymphoma
MYC deregulation, a cardinal event in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) pathogenesis, necessitates the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms governing MYC activation to devise innovative and effective therapeutic strategies.
  • 242
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis and Crohn’s Disease
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the cause of Johne’s disease (JD), which is a chronic infectious gastrointestinal disease of ruminants and is often fatal. In humans, MAP has been associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) for over a century, without conclusive evidence of pathogenicity. Numerous researchers have contributed to the subject, but there is still a need for evidence of the causation of CD by MAP.
  • 190
  • 07 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Mycobacterium tuberculosis as Modulators of Cell Death Mechanisms
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) modulates diverse cell death pathways to escape the host immune responses and favor its dissemination, a complex process of interest in pathogenesis-related studies. The main virulence factors of Mtb that alter cell death pathways are classified according to their origin as either non-protein (for instance, lipomannan) or protein (such as the PE family and ESX secretion system). The 38 kDa lipoprotein, ESAT-6 (early antigen-secreted protein 6 kDa), and another secreted protein, tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT), induces necroptosis, thereby allowing mycobacteria to survive inside the cell. The inhibition of pyroptosis by blocking inflammasome activation by Zmp1 and PknF is another pathway that aids the intracellular replication of Mtb. Autophagy inhibition is another mechanism that allows Mtb to escape the immune response. The enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein, other proteins, such as ESX-1, SecA2, SapM, PE6, and certain microRNAs, also facilitate Mtb host immune escape process. 
  • 368
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Mycobacteroides abscessus and Its Tigecycline Resistance Mechanisms
Mycobacteroides abscessus (formerly Mycobacterium abscessus) is a clinically important, rapid-growing non-tuberculous mycobacterium notoriously known for its multidrug-resistance phenotype. The intrinsic resistance of M. abscessus towards first- and second-generation tetracyclines is mainly due to the over-expression of a tetracycline-degrading enzyme known as MabTetX (MAB_1496c). Tigecycline, a third-generation tetracycline, is a poor substrate for the MabTetX and does not induce the expression of this enzyme. Recent work on tigecycline resistance or reduced susceptibility in M. abscessus revealed the involvement of the gene MAB_3508c which encodes the transcriptional activator WhiB7, as well as mutations in the sigH-rshA genes which control heat shock and oxidative-stress responses. The deletion of whiB7 has been observed to cause a 4-fold decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration of tigecycline. In the absence of environmental stress, the SigH sigma factor (MAB_3543c) interacts with and is inhibited by the anti-sigma factor RshA (MAB_3542c). The disruption of the SigH-RshA interaction resulting from mutations and the subsequent up-regulation of SigH have been hypothesized to lead to tigecycline resistance in M. abscessus.
  • 412
  • 07 May 2022
Topic Review
Mycoplasma bovis Infections
Mycoplasma bovis is a cause of bronchopneumonia, mastitis and arthritis but may also affect other main organs in cattle such us the eye, ear or brain. M. bovis infections are responsible for substantial economic health and welfare problems worldwide. M. bovis has spread worldwide, including to countries for a long time considered free of the pathogen.
  • 361
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
MYD88 Wild Type in IgM Monoclonal Gammopathies
High frequencies of MYD88L265P mutation are observed in IgM monoclonal gammopathies, and specifically in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), indicating this mutation as a potential disease biomarker.
  • 204
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Myrtus communis L. subsp. communis
Myrtus communis subsp. communis is an evergreen shrub or a small tree, growing spontaneously throughout the Mediterranean basin. The stem is branched from the basal portion and the bark is brownish or reddish in color. The leaves are simple, opposite, sessile or sub-sessile, glossy, and dark green in color, lanceolate or ovoid-elliptical in shape with entire or slightly revolute margins and acute apices; they are very aromatic due to the presence of numerous secretory cavities. The flowers, white in color with yellowish streaks, are solitary or coupled at the leaf axil. The fruits are ellipsoidal or subspherical berries, red-violet or blackish in color at maturity, with persistent calyx residues.
  • 456
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
N-Acetylcysteine in Trichotillomania
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (C5H9NO3S) is the acetylated precursor of the amino acid L-cysteine and functions as a glutamate modulator and antioxidant. It is widely known as a mucolytic, an antidote for acetaminophen overdose, and a nephroprotective agent for contrast administration. Trichotillomania (TTM), excoriation disorder, onychophagia, and onychotillomania are categorized as body focused repetitive behavior (BFRB) disorders, causing damage to the skin, hair, and/or nails with clinically significant psychosocial consequences.
  • 2.5K
  • 13 Jun 2022
Topic Review
N-glycoproteins in Plant Cell Walls
Cell walls are an extracellular compartment specific to plant cells, which is not found in animal cells. Their composition varies between cell types, plant species, and physiological states. They are composed of a great diversity of polymers, e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, and lignins. Cell wall proteins (CWPs) are major players involved in the plasticity of cell walls which support cell growth and differentiation, as well as adaptation to environmental changes. In order to reach the extracellular space, CWPs are transported through the secretory pathway where they may undergo post-translational modifications, including N-glycosylations on the Asn residues in specific motifs (Asn-X-Ser/Thr-X, with X≠Pro).
  • 568
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
N-Phenylquinoneimine
The N-phenylquinoneimine scaffold is a versatile synthetic platform that has gained significant attention in the field of drug discovery due to its structural diversity and capacity to interact with biologically relevant targets. 
  • 255
  • 10 Jan 2024
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