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Topic Review
Water Remediation
Chemical pollution of water has raised great concerns among citizens, lawmakers, and nearly all manufacturing industries. As the legislation addressing liquid effluents becomes more stringent, water companies are increasingly scrutinized for their environmental performance. In this context, emergent contaminants represent a major challenge, and the remediation of water bodies and wastewater demands alternative sorbent materials. One of the most promising adsorbing materials for micropolluted water environments involves cyclodextrin (CD) polymers and cyclodextrin-containing polysaccharides. 
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Water radical cations
The study of water continues to provide surprises as evidenced by recent work on the surfaces of small droplets. Systems comprising numbers of water molecules and corresponding cations represent a topic of special interest, such as nuclear safety, functional biomolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins) damage, proton transfer process and so on. To date, water radical cations have been created through wet nitrogen ionized as a result of subjected to electron-impact ionization, photoionization of a water molecular beam or vapor, even including in helium nanodroplets. They have also been generated through intermolecular coulomb decay process by high-energy photos or above 70 eV electrons impactions.For (H2O)2+•, a theoretical simulation led to both the structure resulting from proton transfer and the dimer cation structure. For larger water radical cations, these clusters are easily constructed from the (H2O)nH+ structures by substituting one of the water molecules, which is the next neighbor of the charged site for •OH radical. Besides the ultra-fast proton transfer reaction within (H2O)n+• , and between (H2O)n+• and its neighboring water molecules to form the proton transfer product, (H2O)n+• also present ultrafast charge migration from a solute M to (H2O)n+•.
  • 2.5K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Water Quality Observations from Space
Water is the basis of all life on this planet. Yet, approximately one in seven people in the world do not have access to safe water. Water can become unsafe due to contamination by various organic and inorganic compounds due to various natural and anthropogenic processes. Identifying and monitoring water quality changes in space and time remains a challenge, especially when contamination events occur over large geographic areas. Remote sensing makes it possible to monitor and identify large land and water bodies that suffer from quality problems more effectively and efficiently. 
  • 592
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Water Quality Monitoring Systems
Water quality monitoring (WQM) refers to the collection of representative information on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of various water bodies in both spatial and temporal scales. Water quality monitoring systems are being developed and deployed to monitor changes in the aquatic environment. With technological progress, traditional sampling-based water monitoring has been supplemented with sensors and automated data acquisition and transmission devices, resulting in the automation of water quality monitoring systems. 
  • 487
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Water Quality Monitoring System Using LoRaWAN
For effective process monitoring and enhanced control in wide areas, reliable and accurate real-time measuring is essential. LoRa, a low-power, wide-area network modulation technology (LPWAN), refers to long-range data communications. LoRa allows for long-range communications of up to three miles or five kilometers in urban areas and up to ten miles or 15 km in rural areas. The ultra-low power requirements of LoRa-based systems are a crucial feature, allowing for the design of battery-operated devices that can last up to 10 years. A star network based on the open LoRaWAN protocol is suitable for an implementation scheme that needs long-range or deep in-building communication.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Water Quality Monitoring
Monitoring water quality is an essential tool for the control of pollutants and pathogens that can cause damage to the environment and human health. However, water quality analysis is usually performed in laboratory environments, often with the use of high-cost equipment and qualified professionals. With the progress of nanotechnology and the advance in engineering materials, several studies have shown, in recent years, the development of technologies aimed at monitoring water quality, with the ability to reduce the costs of analysis and accelerate the achievement of results for management and decision-making.
  • 3.3K
  • 13 May 2022
Topic Review
Water Quality Index
A critical water quality index (WQI) method has been used to determine the overall water quality status of surface water and groundwater systems globally since the 1960s. WQI follows four steps: parameter selection, sub-indices, establishing weights, and final index aggregation.
  • 10.4K
  • 09 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Water Quality Degradation
Water quality degradation is happened through the natural processes that influence the surface water and groundwater quality by various sources such as climate changes, natural disasters, geological factors, soil-matrix, and hyporheic exchange. Water could also be contaminated by anthropogenic factors. Anthropogenic pollutants are substances caused by human actions, mostly resulting from land-use practices. 
  • 11.8K
  • 05 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Water Quality Control in Handpieces and Dental Unit
Bacteria populations can be spread during ongoing dental procedures when dentists are using high-speed handpieces and come into direct contact with the wounds of the patient undergoing treatment. There is a risk of water backflow into the dental unit waterline system from the handpieces known under the term of the suck-back phenomenon.
  • 490
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Water Quality Assessment
Various human activities have been the main causes of surface water pollution. The uneven distribution of industrial enterprises in the territories of the main river basins of Ukraine do not always allow the real state of the water quality to be assessed.
  • 555
  • 23 May 2022
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