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Topic Review
Mechanisms of Hydrogen Embrittlement
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) is a broadly recognized phenomenon in metallic materials. If not well understood and managed, HE may lead to catastrophic environmental failures in vessels containing hydrogen, such as pipelines and storage tanks. HE can affect the mechanical properties of materials such as ductility, toughness, and strength, mainly through the interaction between metal defects and hydrogen. Various phenomena such as hydrogen adsorption, hydrogen diffusion, and hydrogen interactions with intrinsic trapping sites like dislocations, voids, grain boundaries, and oxide/matrix interfaces are involved in this process.
  • 331
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in Mining Waste
Mining waste represents a global issue due to its potential of generating acidic or alkaline leachate with high concentrations of metals and metalloids (metal(loid)s). Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is an engineering tool used for remediation. MICP, induced via biological activity, aims to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or co-precipitate other metal carbonates (MCO3). MICP is a bio-geochemical remediation method that aims to immobilize or remove metal(loid)s via enzyme, redox, or photosynthetic metabolic pathways. Contaminants are removed directly through immobilization as mineral precipitates (CaCO3 or MCO3), or indirectly (via sorption, complexes, or inclusion into the crystal structure). Further, CaCO3 precipitates deposited on the surface or within the pore spaces of a solid matrix create a clogging effect to reduce contaminant leachate. Experimental research on MICP has shown its promise as a bioremediation technique for mining waste. 
  • 136
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Endometrial Cancer Prevention, Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common female malignancy in high socioeconomic index nations and the sixth most common cancer in women worldwide. The disease incidence has increased globally by 132% in the last 30 years, and this trend is set to continue in light of an ageing population and increasing levels of obesity and diabetes. Although more women than ever before are dying of endometrial cancer, the mortality rates are falling due to recent advances in early diagnosis and treatment. Our understanding of the molecular drivers of endometrial cancer has increased substantially, and doctors are now, for the first time, starting to translate this knowledge into the true personalisation of care.
  • 115
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Probiotics in Milk and Milk-Derived Products
Milk is a source of many valuable nutrients, including minerals, vitamins and proteins, with an important role in adult health. Milk and dairy products naturally containing or with added probiotics have healthy functional food properties. Indeed, probiotic microorganisms, which beneficially affect the host by improving the intestinal microbial balance, are recognized to affect the immune response and other important biological functions.
  • 252
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Acute Myocardial Infarction during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was a global pandemic with high mortality and morbidity that led to an increased health burden all over the world. Although the virus mostly affects the pulmonary tract, cardiovascular implications are often observed among COVID-19 patients and are predictive of poor outcomes. Increased values of myocardial biomarkers such as troponin I or NT-proBNP were proven to be risk factors for respiratory failure. Although the risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) was greater in the acute phase of COVID-19, there were lower rates of hospitalization for ACSs, due to patients’ hesitation in presenting at the hospital. Hospitalized ACSs patients with COVID-19 infection had a prolonged symptom-to-first-medical-contact time, and longer door-to-balloon time. The mechanisms of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients are still not entirely clear; however, the most frequently implicated factors include the downregulation of ACE2 receptors, endothelial dysfunction, pro-coagulant status, and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. 
  • 250
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Edge-Guided Multimodal Transformers Change Detection
Change detection from heterogeneous satellite and aerial images plays a progressively important role in many fields, including disaster assessment, urban construction, and land use monitoring. Researchers have mainly devoted their attention to change detection using homologous image pairs and achieved many remarkable results. It is sometimes necessary to use heterogeneous images for change detection in practical scenarios due to missing images, emergency situations, and cloud and fog occlusion.
  • 108
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Associations between Childhood Abuse and Adult Psychopathology
Research consistently shows that abuse during childhood is related to adult psychopathology. Adverse childhood experiences, including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, have been consistently linked to mental health problems in children and adults.
  • 113
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Corticosteroids for the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. It is defined as the diabetes-related accumulation of fluid, proteins, and lipids, with retinal thickening, within the macular area. DME affects a significant proportion of individuals with diabetes, with the prevalence increasing with disease duration and severity. Corticosteroids (CSs) are a group of hormones produced by the adrenal cortex.
  • 285
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Discovering Amino Acid Transporter Inhibitors
Amino acid transporters are abundant amongst the solute carrier family and have an important role in facilitating the transfer of amino acids across cell membranes. Because of their impact on cell nutrient distribution, they also appear to have an important role in the growth and development of cancer. Naturally, this has made amino acid transporters a novel target of interest for the development of new anticancer drugs. 
  • 97
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Applications of Gas Chromatography for Tricyclic Antidepressants Analysis
Tricyclic antidepressant drugs (TCAs) are a main category of antidepressants, which are widely used for the treatment of psychological disorders due to their low cost and their high efficiency. Therefore, there is a great demand for method development for the determination of TCAs in biofluids, especially for therapeutic drug monitoring. Gas chromatography (GC) was the first chromatographic technique implemented for this purpose. With the development in the field of sample preparation, many novel GC applications have been developed. 
  • 141
  • 05 Mar 2024
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