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Topic Review
Lycium barbarum Deep-Processing Products of Fermentation
Lycium barbarum, a homology of medicine and food, contains many active ingredients including polysaccharides, polyphenol, betaine, and carotenoids, which has health benefits and economic value. The bioactive components in Lycium barbarum exhibit the effects of antioxidation, immune regulation, hypoglycemic effects, and vision improvement.
  • 264
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Use of Phase Change Materials in Geopolymers
Phase change materials (PCM) were known already in the 1970s (similarly to geopolymers), but their development is observed today. This is related to the possibility of obtaining a stable phase as well as the possibility of optimization of construction materials concerning the construction needs. These materials can change their physical state depending on the ambient temperature. The most common method is liquid-solid conversion. In the area of application of phase change materials in the construction industry, examples of such materials include organic materials (paraffin, fatty acids), inorganic materials, and eutectics. 
  • 266
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Possible Therapeutic Strategies for ADPKD Patients
Gender exerts a significant influence on the occurrence and progression of many renal diseases, including ADPKD. ADPKD, impacting roughly 12 million individuals globally, affects both men and women equally. Mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 genes contribute to ADPKD, with gender playing a crucial role in disease manifestation and progression.
  • 105
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Production Risks of Forest Biomass for Energy Purposes
Risks threatening human health and safety during work in the process of production and storage of forest biomass can also be divided according to individual production phases: establishment and cultivation of plantations of fast-growing trees and intensive stands; production of forest chips from various forms of forest biomass; transport of biomass; and storage of forest biomass for energy purposes.
  • 114
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Metastatic Castrate-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer accounts for a significant proportion of cancer diagnoses in Canadian men. Approximately one-third of all prostate cancers are metastatic at the time of diagnosis (synchronous) or recur (metachronous) following definitive treatment. Over the past decade, the therapeutic landscape for the management of metastatic prostate cancer has undergone rapid changes. Novel strategies use hormonal agents, chemotherapy, homologous recombination repair inhibitors, and radioligand therapy or combination strategies in addition to androgen deprivation therapy.
  • 215
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Dietary Patterns of Breast Cancer in Middle East
Breast cancer (BC) is the most predominant malignancy in Arab women in the Middle East. Most dietary patterns (DPs) such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Mediterranean, Plant-based and Paleolithic diets are identified to decrease the probability of BC by being rich sources of fiber, healthy fats, and vitamins and minerals. However, there are few DPs that increase the risk of BC, because of the existence of foods such as unhealthy fats, low fiber, sugars, and fried foods in those patterns which contribute to increasing the risk factors associated with BC.
  • 86
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Land Use Potential in Energy System Optimization Models
In energy system optimization models (ESOMs), land use aspects can be integrated at the cost of a finer spatial resolution and a more detailed characterization of land, tailored to regional constraints and specificities. 
  • 120
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Plant-Microbe Interactions under the Extreme Habitats
Plant-microbe associations define a key interaction and have significant ecological and biotechnological perspectives. In recent times, plant-associated microbes from extreme environments have been extensively explored for their multifaceted benefits to plants and the environment, thereby gaining momentum in global research. Plant-associated extremophiles highlight ubiquitous occurrences, inhabiting extreme habitats and exhibiting enormous diversity. The remarkable capacity of extremophiles to exist in extreme environmental conditions is attributed to the evolution of adaptive mechanisms in these microbes at genetic and physiological levels. In addition, the plant-associated extremophiles have a major impact in promoting plant growth and development and conferring stress tolerance to the host plant, thereby contributing immensely to plant adaptation and survival in extreme conditions.
  • 136
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Brain Tumor  Segmentation
Brain tumor segmentation plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of brain tumors. Accurate segmentation of brain tumor regions from multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is of paramount importance for precise tumor analysis and subsequent clinical decision making. The ability to delineate tumor boundaries in MRI scans enables radiologists and clinicians to assess tumor size, location, and heterogeneity, facilitating treatment planning and evaluating treatment response. Traditional manual segmentation methods are time-consuming, subjective, and prone to inter-observer variability. Therefore, the automatic segmentation algorithm has received widespread attention as an alternative solution. For instance, the self-organizing map (SOM) is an unsupervised exploratory data analysis tool that leverages principles of vector quantization and similarity measurement to automatically partition images into self-similar regions or clusters. Segmentation methods based on SOM have demonstrated the ability to distinguish high-level and low-level features of tumors, edema, necrosis, cerebrospinal fluid, and healthy tissue.
  • 164
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Complement Dysregulation in Glaucoma Patients
Glaucoma is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by damage to the optic nerve that results in irreversible vision loss. While the exact pathology of glaucoma is not well understood, emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of the complement system, a key component of innate immunity, plays a crucial role. In glaucoma, dysregulation of the complement cascade and impaired regulation of complement factors contribute to chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration.
  • 143
  • 04 Mar 2024
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