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Topic Review
Musical Instruments Made of Composites and Alternative Materials
The evolution of musical instrument manufacturing has been a dynamic process, with traditional materials such as wood playing a predominant role for centuries. However, the need for innovation in the musical industry has driven researchers and manufacturers to explore alternative materials that offer enhanced performance, sustainability, and versatility. The demand for different materials arises from various challenges faced by the musical instruments industry, including the lack of high-quality tonewoods, the significant variations in both mechanical and acoustical properties of wood internally within a single piece or across the same species, environmental concerns, and the quest for achieving specific acoustic properties. Composite materials, such as carbon- and graphite fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs and GFRPs), ceramic polymers, and nanocomposites, constitute promising alternatives that not only address these challenges, but also offer unique advantages in terms of durability, weight reduction, and customizable acoustic characteristics. 
  • 386
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
SCD and Genetic Propensity for Dementia beyond Apolipoproteinε4
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been described as a probable early stage of dementia, as it has consistently appeared to precede the onset of objective cognitive impairment. SCD is related to many risk factors, including genetic predisposition for dementia. The Apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 allele, which has been thoroughly studied, seems to explain genetic risk for SCD only partially.
  • 235
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Advancements in Glaucoma Diagnosis
The progress of artificial intelligence algorithms in digital image processing and automatic diagnosis studies of the eye disease glaucoma has been growing and presenting essential advances to guarantee better clinical care for the population.
  • 187
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Metformin in Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer (EC), ranking sixth in global cancer mortality, comprises two distinct diseases: esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). EAC is linked to Barrett’s esophagus (BE), influenced by factors like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obesity, while ESSC arises from squamous cells, with tobacco and alcohol as notable risks.
  • 192
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Stem Cells in Wound Healing
Wound healing is an intricate process involving coordinated interactions among inflammatory cells, skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. Successful tissue repair hinges on controlled inflammation, angiogenesis, and remodeling facilitated by the exchange of cytokines and growth factors. Comorbid conditions can disrupt this process, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing wound healing, utilizing cells from diverse sources such as endothelial progenitor cells, bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermal, and inducible pluripotent stem cells.
  • 150
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Integration of Nanomaterials in Thermal Energy Storage Systems
The solar collector is one of the most cost-effective pieces of equipment used to harvest solar thermal energy. Two main types can be identified: (1) water-based solar collectors (WSCs), an already popular solution for preparing domestic hot water and heating, and (2) air solar collectors (ASCs), used to preheat fresh air and to dry or heat the air inside a room. Thermal energy storage applied to thermal energy storage (TSC) is studied in terms of design criteria, materials technologies, and  thermal conductivity. The potential of nanomaterial technology integration in phase change materials (PCMs) in terms of thermal performance improvements is higligted. The integration of diverse materials such as graphene, graphite, metal oxides, and carbon nanoparticles holds the potential to significantly enhance the thermal conductivity and latent heat value. However, some important aspects need to be further investigated as the highest possible percentage of nanomaterial in the mixture in order to avoid agglomeration.
  • 147
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
P-IOTA
The recent widespread novel network technologies for programming data planes are remarkably enhancing the customization of data packet processing. In this direction, the Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors (P4) is envisioned as a disruptive technology, capable of configuring network devices in a highly customizable way. P4 enables network devices to adapt their behaviors to mitigate malicious attacks (e.g., denial of service). Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs), such as blockchain, allow secure reporting alerts on malicious actions detected across different areas. IOTA is a next-generation distributed ledger engineered to tackle the scalability limits while still providing the same security capabilities such as immutability, traceability, and transparency. P-IOTA integrates a P4-based data plane software-defined network (SDN) and an IOTA layer employed to notify about networking attacks. 
  • 103
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Two-Photon Absorbing Dendrimers
Dendrimers, arborescent macromolecules exhibiting a large number of functional groups at their surface, appeared as naturally attractive targets to consider as TPA chromophores. Indeed, dendrimers are a special kind of perfectly defined hyperbranched polymers constructed stepwise from a multifunctional core at the periphery of which can be grafted a large density and variety of chromophores.
  • 213
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Paternal Role in Pregnancy and in Birth Outcome
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as three or more consecutive abortions and constitutes about 1% of all cases of pregnancy loss. RPL is a multifactorial disease and recognizes several causes, including anatomic (uterine malformations), endocrine, infectious, immunologic, genetic, and idiopathic.
  • 135
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Digitalization and Energy in Attaining Sustainable Development
Digitalization significantly impacts energy consumption patterns, energy infrastructure, and the overall intensity of energy use. It represents a transformative force that can either increase energy demand through the proliferation of digital devices and data centers or decrease it through efficiency gains and smart energy management. The relentless advancement of digital technologies has the potential to significantly reshape the energy landscape as digital technologies become increasingly integrated into diverse sectors of the economy.
  • 339
  • 14 Mar 2024
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